:::World History:::

 Timeline;

1600's ; Like is described as solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short.
The average life expectancy is 25 years, 25% of children die before age one year.
The English used Irish children as shields during war.
The Roman Church undermined any attempts of religious freedom and instigated wars.
A hundred times more people meet the gallows in France than were killed in war
http://www.telusplanet.net/dgarneau/euro67.htm



The English indenture out their own children and take in other children as slaves
Spain rejects witchcraft because the priests are obtaining confessions through torture.
The Inquisition becomes self sustaining living off the property of the accused.





The Roman Church searches for authority in books
rather than open their eyes to the light of truth.
The belief that truth can be discovered in physical nature is heresy.
England copies the Vatican and begins selling political positions


Children are frequently beaten to break their sinful ways.
The Quakers were horrified at the sadism of child beating in England.
The head of a house has absolute power,
his wife and children belonged to him, mind, body and soul.


England passes the Test Act that prevents any Catholic from holding public office
The French Huguenots are forbade to exercise their faith, or educate their children.
France uses secret council and secret police
and severs relations with the vile creatures of the Vatican.




======
1700's;
The Jesuit Order believes assassination is justified to achieve their objectives.
Orkney believe in Telltown (trial marriages).
This could be the basis of why they abandoned their wives and children in Canada.
The Roman Church condemn freemasonry.



Women are only children of larger growth.
A man of sense only plays with women.
English children are required to work at age five years.



The Irish Orange Lodges are created to suppress freedom for Catholics.
In Canada the targets would change to Metis and Indians
France demands that priests give an oath of loyalty.






One English book suggests that frequent whippings may be a very bad practice.
This debate will go on into the twentieth century.
Slavery is in conformity with Natural law and the Word of God.



==============1800's;
The Vatican issues an encyclical denouncing freedom of conscience and freedom of the press.
They also denounced the separation of Church and State.
The ethnic cleansing of Italy began to drive out all Austrians.
Austria had a standing army of men, a kneeling army of priests and a crawling army of informers.
England began selling opium to China fully aware of its addictive nature.
Many Europeans are using their basements as slaughterhouses
this causes a foul smelling air and filth throughout the cities.



Beating of children is a regular practice in homes and residential schools.
Children in residential schools soon become strangers to their parents.
England hangs a 7 year old child.
The Factory Act limited child labor to a 12 hour day.
The outlawing of the slave trade begins the Juvenile Deportation Act
The Indenture or White Slave Trade is touted as a remedy for pauperism


The individual is deemed of little importance.
Austria believes the highest manifestation of human existence is the State.
Let us not be deluded by the various forms of European Government
they are all governing by the sword with vast standing armies.
The British Juvenile Emigration Movement exported 80,000 children into foreign slavery.
They called it indenture and those victims were so shamed
they hid their background from wife and kids.
Those adults in Scotland who resisted deportation were hunted down like deer.

The English formalize Eugenics, Hitler would prefect it.
The Roman Church declared that freedom and truth are incompatible
basically truth can only come from the Church.
Catholics are banned from participating in elections but Trade Unions are now allowed.

The Roman Church's barbaric castration of young boys
 to create adult sopranos is finally stopped.
The French follow the rest of Europe
and banned Religious Orders from teaching in Public Schools.

----------------

1900's;
England sends 7,000 ailing and feeble minded children age 2-3 years to New Brunswick
they say for training but it is so as not to bleed England of her best stock.
The Germans declare that God has called on them to civilize the world.
To prevent retaliation against the Germans and Italians the Vatican drops its dogma.
The Dogma of collective Guilt, ( Original Sin, condemnation of Jews as killers of Christ).
The Roman Church attempts radical reform but the infallibility claim slows progress.
The Church of the past is slowly diminishing in authority


The English Church that runs the reformatory that sends children into foreign slavery says the boys should not be returned to parents who sweat them (work them too hard).









======== Timeline;


4990 BC-Noah's Ark
4998 BC Adam did beget Seth after his own image. Seth did beget Enos after his own image it says so at the end of genesis 4. after that add the entire life of the patriarch and you will come to Lamech who had a son named Noah after his own likeness , add Noahs 600 years to the very date he entered the ark and GOD shut the door, the date. may 21 4990 BC or in linear biblical years 6023. We know Jesus was the son of God because God said for them to call his name Jesus. Add one day for everyday Noah was warned to get into the ark and it was 7. A day is as a thousand years and a thousand years is as a day to God. 7 thousand years later brings us to 2011. In 4990 BC, using the ancient Hebrew calendar, Month #2, Day #17 is sundown (dusk) October 8 to sundown (dusk) October 9.




2333 BC; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Korean_history

Old tales told by generations of Koreans who've survived since 1910 destruction of Korean Monarchy includes;
1.  Caved Bear(Russian) and Tiger(Siberian Tiger) ; where eating garlic during hibernation would grant 'human' form.
2.  Mention of foxes with nine tails; deceitful foxy female concubines are depicted in fables.
3.  Turtles represent Korean Navy Leader, Yi, who built 'turtle shaped' viking ships of Korea to combat Jap invasion.
4.  Monkey-Monk of Buddhism being heroic; teaching right over wrong thru adventures experienced by Monkey-human depiction of Buddhist Icon.
(of Sri Lanka-Buddhism)

5. Cranes-


GoJoseon Era of Old China-Manchu Korean Monarchy.
In Korea; First Korean Monarchy; Gojoseon2333 BC (?) - 194 BCWiman Joseon194 BC – 108 BC
Korean Prehistory[edit]

500th millennium BC: Beginning of the Paleolithic period.[1]
8th millennium BC: Beginning of the Mesolithic Jeulmun pottery period.
35th century BC: Appearance of Pit-Comb Ware culture, beginning of the MiddleJeulmun pottery period.
1500 BC: Beginning of the Mumun pottery period.
15-10th century BC: Beginning of the Bronze age.[2]
800 BC: Beginning of the Liaoning bronze dagger culture.

 Jap claims establishment to be Feb11 in 660BC

400 BC: Beginning of the Iron age.
400 BC
Korean farmers about this time brought rice to Japan.
300 BC: Establishment of Jin in southern Korean peninsula.
Korean Proto-Three Kingdoms[edit]

195 BC: Establishment of Wiman Joseon.
108 BC: Han Dynasty destroys Wiman Joseon, establishing four commanderies in northern Korean Peninsula.[3]
57 BC: Traditional date for the founding of Silla by Bak Hyeokgeose.
47BC- Island off of India; once known as Ceylon (modern day Sri Lanka);
 Sri Lanka was the first Asian country to have a female ruler: Queen Anula, who reigned during 47–42 BC
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lanka

37 BC: Traditional date for the founding of Goguryeo by Jumong.
18 BC: Traditional date for the founding of Baekje by Onjo.

3BC; Coranaga; King of Ceylon; Island off of India (modern day Sri Lanka of British Colony;
(3 B.C - 9 A.D.). He was the son of Vattagamani and his name was Mahanaga (Mhv.xxxiii.45). During the reign of Mahaculi Mahatissa he was a rebel and came to the throne after Mahaculis death. He destroyed eighteen viharas which had refused to shelter him as a rebel. He was poisoned by his queen Anula (Mhv.xxxiv.11ff). It is said (MA.ii.920; DA.ii.433; AA.ii.532) that after death he was born in the Lokantarikaniraya with a body three gavutas in height.



6BC or 4 BC; birth of Jesus
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology_of_Jesus

Following the accounts of Jesus' young life, there is a gap of about 18 years in his story in the New Testament.[4][7][13] Other than the generic statement that after he was 12 years old (Luke 2:42) Jesus "advanced in wisdom and stature, and in favor with God and men" (Luke 2:52), the New Testament has no other details regarding the gap.[4] While Christian tradition suggests that Jesus simply lived in Galilee during that period,[14] modern scholarship holds that there is little historical information to determine what happened during those years.[4]
The ages of 12 and 30, the approximate ages at either end of the unknown years, have some significance in Judaism of the Second Temple period: 12 is the age of thebar mitzvah, the age of secular maturity,[2] and 30 the age of readiness for the priesthood, although Jesus was not of the tribe of Levi.[15]



Three Kingdoms of Korea
Goguryeo
37 BC – 668 AD
Baekje
18 BC – 660 AD
Silla
57 BC – 935 AD



18AD-36AD; The gospels indicate that Jesus was crucified at the instigation of the first century high priest named Caiaphas (Matthew 26:3-4, John 11:49-53).
We know from other sources that he served as high priest from A.D. 18 to 36, so that puts Jesus' death in that time frame.


Read more: http://www.ncregister.com/blog/jimmy-akin/when-precisely-did-jesus-die-the-year-month-day-and-hour-revealed#ixzz2joNP4MaA



31A.D. ; Approximate death of Jesus.

North and South States of Korea
Unified Silla
668–935
Balhae
698–926
Later Three Kingdoms of Korea
Hubaekje
892–936
Taebong
901–918
Silla
57 BC – 935 AD
 Modern Day Roman Empire Diaspora;
 Albania
 Algeria
 Andorra
 Armenia
 Austria
 Azerbaijan
 Belgium
 Bosnia and Herzegovina
 Bulgaria
 Croatia
 Cyprus
 Czech Republic
 Egypt
 France
 Georgia
 Germany
 Gibraltar
 Greece
 Hungary
 Iran
 Iraq
 Israel
 Italy
 Jordan
 Kosovo[a]
 Kuwait
 Lebanon
 Liechtenstein
 Libya
 Luxembourg
 Macedonia
 Malta
 Moldova
 Monaco
 Montenegro
 Morocco
 Netherlands
 Portugal
 Palestine
 Romania
 Russia
 San Marino
 Saudi Arabia
 Serbia
 Slovenia
 Spain
  Switzerland
 Syria
 Tunisia
 Turkey
 Ukraine
 United Kingdom
  Vatican City


Korean History after death of Jesus;
Three Kingdoms of Korea[edit]

42 AD: Traditional date for the founding of Gaya by Suro.
53AD: Goguryeo becomes a centralized kingdom under Taejo's reign.
165AD-Common Era- Romans-Italian/Portugal trade with India/China-Indonesia's Moluccan Islands.
234AD: Baekje becomes a centralized kingdom under Goi's reign.

Note; Politically- culturally during the 5th and 6th Century records show Old China and Korea taught Jap the Old Chinese Writing System.

313: Goguryeo destroys Lelang commandery.
356: Silla becomes a centralized kingdom under Naemul's reign.
371: Baekje's King Geunchogo invades Goguryeo and kills King Gogugwon.
372: Under Sosurim, Goguryeo imports Buddhism from Former Qin of China.
384: Chimnyu of Baekje officially adopts Buddhism.
392: Gwanggaeto the Great of Goguryeo begins his reign, expanding Goguryeo into a major regional power.
413: Jangsu of Goguryeo erects the Gwanggaeto Stele.


429 AD; Island off of India (modern day Sri Lanka);
 Biso Kotuwa, a peculiar construction inside a dam, is a technological marvel based on precise mathematics that allows water to flow outside the dam, keeping pressure on the dam to a minimum.[49] Ancient Sri Lanka was the first country in the world to establish a dedicated hospital, in Mihintale in the 4th century.[50] It was also the leading exporter of cinnamon in the ancient world. It maintained close ties with European civilisations including the Roman Empire. For example, King Bhatikabhaya (22 BC—AD 7) sent an envoy to Rome who brought back red coral which was used to make an elaborate netlike adornment for theRuwanwelisaya. In addition, Sri Lankan male dancers witnessed the assassination of Caligula. When Queen Cleopatra sent her son Cesarian into hiding, he was headed to Sri Lanka. i[51][52] Bhikkhuni Devasāra and ten other fully ordained bhikkhunis from Sri Lanka went to China and established the bhikkhuni sāsana there in AD 429.[53]

433: Baekje and Silla form an alliance against Goguryeo's aggression.
475: Goguryeo attacks Baekje and captures Hanseong (modern day Seoul). Baekje moves its capital south to Ungjin(modern day Gongju), and again to Sabi (modern day Buyeo) in 523.
494: Last remains of Buyeo absorbed by Goguryeo.
498: Baekje attacks Tamna (modern day Jejudo).
512: Silla conquers Usan (modern day Ulleungdo).
527: Silla formally adopts Buddhism
553: Silla attacks Baekje, breaking the alliance.
562: Silla completes annexation of Gaya.
598: First of a series of major Sui Dynasty attacks in the Goguryeo-Sui Wars, which ends in 614 in a costly defeat for Sui.
612: Goguryeo repulses second Sui invasion at the Salsu.


Historically; 627 AD, a mosque was established in Canton.  It was the result of  growth from "Silk Road" trading between Romans and Indians of 165AD

645: First campaign in the Goguryeo–Tang War.
648: Silla establishes alliance with Tang.
660: Baekje falls to the Silla-Tang forces.
668: Goguryeo falls to the Silla-Tang forces.
North South States Period and Later Three Kingdoms[edit]

676: Silla repels Chinese alliance forces from Korean peninsula, completes unification of much of the Three Kingdoms.
698: The founding of Balhae by former Goguryeo general Dae Joyeong.
751: Silla, at its cultural peak, constructs Seokguram and Bulguksa.
828: Jang Bogo establishes Cheonghaejin, a major center of trade with China and Japan.
892: Silla begins to lose control of parts of the peninsula as the brief Later Three Kingdoms period begins.
900: Hubaekje ("Later Baekje") established in the southwest of the peninsula.
901: Taebong ("Later Goguryeo") established in the northwest of the peninsula.
918: Founding of Goryeo by Taejo of Goryeo.
926: Balhae falls to Khitan forces.
935: Silla formally surrenders to Goryeo.
936: Hubaekje formally surrenders to Goryeo.
Goryeo[edit]

936: Goryeo completes the reunification of the Later Three Kingdoms, absorbing the remainder of Hubaekje and parts of former Balhae territory.
956: Emperor Gwangjong forces major land and slavery reforms, and in 958 implements civil service examinations.
993: The first of three Goryeo-Khitan Wars.



993 AD; Island off of India known as Ceylon( modern day Sri Lanka); Chola defeats Mahinda.
 In AD 993, the invasion of Chola emperor Rajaraja I forced the then Sri Lankan ruler Mahinda V to flee to the southern part of the country.[54] Taking advantage of this situation,Rajendra I, son of Rajaraja I, launched a large invasion in AD 1017. Mahinda V was captured and taken to India, and the Cholas sacked the city of Anuradhapura.[54]Subsequently, they moved the capital to Polonnaruwa.[55] This marked the end of the two great houses of dynasties of ancient Sri Lanka, the Moriya and the Lambakanna.
1010: The Second Goryeo-Khitan War ravages the northern border.

1017AD- Taking advantage of this situation,Chola's Rajendra I,( son of Chola's Rajaraja I), launched a large invasion in AD 1017. Cholas(modern Sri Lanka) sacked the city of Anuradhapura.[54]Subsequently, they moved the capital to Polonnaruwa.[55]

1018: The Third Goryeo-Khitan War, Khitan successfully repelled.
1033: Goryeo builds the Cheonri Jangseong (lit. "Thousand Li Wall"), a massive wall running along the northern border.



1070;  Chola(modern Sri Lanka) invasion of 993AD is overthrown in 1070. Buddhism from Chola (island off of India known as modern day Sri Lanka) is re-established in 1070 after overthrowing Chola invasion since 993AD.
Following a seventeen-year long campaign, Vijayabahu I successfully drove the Chola out of Sri Lanka in 1070, reuniting the country for the first time in over a century.
Upon his request, ordained monks were sent from Burma to Sri Lanka to re-establish Buddhism, which had almost disappeared from the country during the Chola reign.

1145: Kim Bu-sik compiles the Samguk Sagi, Korea's oldest extant history text.
1170: The military coup.

Note in history; Mongolians attack Jap twice in Late 13th Century
1231: The Mongol invasions of Korea begin.
1234: Choi Yun-ui's Sangjeong Gogeum Yemun is published, world's first metal-block printed text.
1251: Goryeo completes the Tripitaka Koreana, the most comprehensive and oldest intact version of the Buddhist canon in Chinese script.
1270: Goryeo signs a peace treaty with the Mongols, beginning an 80-year period of suzereignty. The Sambyeolcho Rebellion lasts for three more years.


1279- ending of Chola Dynasty from 300 BC to 1279AD
ruled Southern India; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chola_dynasty
 As one of the Three Crowned Kings, the dynasty continued to govern over varying territory until the 13th century AD.
The Chola Empire during the reign of Rajaraja Chola I (985–1014 CE)
Tiger Flag represented Chola Dynasty that is modern day;
 India
 Sri Lanka
 Malaysia
 Indonesia
 Singapore
 Maldives
 Bangladesh
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chola_dynasty

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanuman




Javanese wayang representation of Hanuman.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javanese_people; The Javanese (Javanese Ngoko: ꦮꦺꦴꦁꦗꦮ/ wong Jawa, Krama:ꦠꦶꦪꦁꦗꦮꦶ/ tiyang Jawi;[3] Indonesian: suku Jawa)[4] are an ethnic group native to the Indonesian island of Java. At approximately 100 million people (as of 2011), they form the largest ethnic group in Indonesia. They are predominantly located in the central to easternparts of the island. There are also significant people of Javanese descent in most Provinces of Indonesia, Netherlands, Malaysia andSuriname.


Javanese immigrants from theDutch East Indies, picture taken between 1880-1900.
FYI; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddie_Van_Halen
Born January 26, 1955, in Nijmegen, the Netherlands, Edward Lodewijk van Halen is the son Jan van Halen, a clarinetist, saxophonist, and pianist, and mother Eugenia. Eugenia van Halen was originally from Rangkasbitung, Banten in the western part of Java, Indonesia, a former Dutch colony. She was an "Indo", a terminology used for a person with mix of half-Dutch and half-Indonesian background.


1285: Il-yeon compiles the Samguk Yusa, record of history and legends.

til 1324- While 'Silk Road trade between Europeans and India/China" were monopolized
by Genoa-Venice Italy; Christian missionary like Marco Polo (1254-1324) trying to
influence China barely made impact due to "Turks" controlling 'eastern Mediterranean' access to Asia.
Much of 10th Century wealth in Venice-Genoa Italy was from Italy monopolizing
"Silk Road-trade-of India/China's silk and spices" distributed to Europeans.  Only challenge
to European Italy mogul was the Turks restricting European access to India-China by restricting
Turk's eastern Mediterranean to Europeans.

* It is sad to note that after 31 A.D.; Europeans acted superior to its visited territories' natives.  Europeans entered China and was treated better than its native Chinese in China.  Europeans entered and overtook properties of Eskimos and Native Indians. Europeans took over foreign territories while enslaving its natives.
** Unimaginable hospitality and kindness of Old Chinese-Native Indians of non-European territories were
occupied and soon over-took by European Barbarians!
*** No where in history would Italy-Britain-USA-Russia-France allow Asians to be treated better than its European Natives of their European Country; But the same Italy-Britain-USA-Russia-France entered Asian Countries without welcome & proceed to 'reign' over the natives of the stolen-land they 'took-over-injustly'.



1388: General Yi Seonggye, ordered to engage China in a border dispute, turns his troops against the Goryeo court.
Joseon[edit]

1392: Yi Seonggye is crowned king, officially beginning the Joseon Dynasty.
1396: Capital moved to Hanyang. (modern day Seoul)
1402: Paper currency initiated.

Portugal is a small country located in Western Europe at the western tip of the Iberian Peninsula. Beginning in the 1400s, the Portuguese, led by famous explorers like Bartolomeo Dias and Vasco de Gama and financed by the great Prince Henry the Navigator, sailed to, explored, and settled in South America, Africa, and Asia. Portugal's empire, which survived for more than six centuries, was the first of the great European global empires.
Portugal as the First European Empire succeeding Roman Empire.
Roman Empire is Portuguese Empire.
Romans started trade with India/China. Then the Roman Empire became
to be known as the Portuguese Empire that overtook Asian Territories for profit;
Brazil -note that Amsterdam-Dutch-Freemason-Jews fleeing Spain established first 'banking' success in Amsterdam; where the Amsterdam-Jews funded occupation of Brazil.

Angola, Mozambique, and Guinea-Bissau

Cape Verde, Sao Tome and Principe

Goa, India

East Timor

Macau

http://geography.about.com/od/historyofgeography/a/The-Portuguese-Empire.htm

>

1408: High military service examination system created.
1420: Hall of Worthies established.
1424: History of Goryeo compiled.
1443- Korean Monarchy used Old-Chinese characters.  Created supplementary Korean Characters to help literate the poverty-stricken uneducated Koreans; Old Chinese Characters and Korean Characters were both used.  (1910-Jap invasion of Korea from 1910-1945; Thirty five years of oppression in Korea also attribute to altered Korean Characters modified by Japs used in Korea from 1910 to present day Korea)
1446: The Hangul alphabet, created 3 years earlier, is promulgated by King Sejong the Great.


1500-1600; Roman Empire-Portuguese Empire "exploits/occupies' India, Indonesia, Old-China-Korea, Japan.



1519-1581; Under Charles V, ruler of theHoly Roman Empire and King of Spain, the current Netherlands region was part of the Seventeen Provinces of the Low Countries, which also included most of present-dayBelgium, Luxembourg, and some land in France and Germany.



1542- Europeans in Japan. Three Portuguese sailors (included was Francis Xavier)
1592: The Japanese invasion of Korea begins under the command of Toyotomi Hideyoshi. Korean Admiral Yi Sun-Sin employs the Turtle ship to repel Japanese naval forces.


1600-1750; Holland challenges Portuguese-Roman-Empire's hold on India, Ceylon, Indonesia.
Holland occupies India, Ceylon, Indonesia; allowing France and England (1700-1750)
to 'set up posts in India.  Holland-France-England steals India-Silk Road-trade China
from Roman-Portuguese-Italian Monopoly.

1600
February 19:  Huaynaputina in Southern Peru erupted (exploded) as one of the largest eruptions affecting world wide climate for the next 4 years.  It produced 13 cubic km of pyroclastics flows and mud flows to the Pacific Ocean some 120 km away.  It continued to erupt into March.  Ashfall was reported 250–500 km away. It ejected 16 million to 32 million metric tons into the atmosphere, notably sulfur dioxide.
It caused the coldest years in six centuries, in Russia (1601-1603) resulting in famine where over an estimated 2 million died.
127,000 bodies are buried in mass graves in Moscow alone.
Eatonia, Switzerland and Latvia reported bitter cold winters of (1600-1602)
France reported in 1601 the wine harvest was late.
Germany wine industry collapsed.
Japan reported Lake Suwa had its earliest freezing in 500 years.
China reported peach trees bloomed late.
Greenland core studies confirmed the sulfuric acid spike was larger than that from the Krakatau eruption of 1883.
It is estimated that the economy of China equals the total economy of Europe at this time.  Southern Africa has been trading with China and the Kalahari Bushmen with Mongolian eye folds and flat broad noses are in South Africa about this time.  Their beliefs center on trust, peace and cooperation.  Some tribes speak different languages unintelligible to the other tribes suggesting different migrations.
The Han Chinese began to migrate from China to Formosa (Taiwan) during the 1600's.
This century more than 1,000 children were kidnapped in Europe and shipped to America as indentured servants (slaves).
Plague and famine in Russia killed an estimated 500,000 people.
Spain is importing grain and its industry stagnated, the country in a state of bankruptcy both economically and morally.  Ironically this is the year of maximum silver flow into the country.  The money went for advancement in the Church, at court or the army thereby leaving the country rather than development of industry and thereby the development of an economic class of merchants.
Probably the most fragmented political unit in Europe is the Holy Roman Empire composed of Germany, Czechoslovakia, Poland and Italy.  Denmark held the Duchy of Holstein and Sweden held Pomerania.  The lands are split between Roman Catholic Church and Protestant Churches.  The largest Jewish communities in Western Europe at this time are Amsterdam, Frankfurt and Venice.
To raise money Queen Elizabeth I (1558-1603) of England sold trading monopolies despite objections from parliament.  Unknown to parliament the Queen and Lord Burghley also sold official positions in the English Government on the same basis as the Vatican.
Many people of the world say the English did not love their children.  The origin of this opinion is traced to this period.  When children arrived at age seven or nine years at the most, they put them out, boys and girls, to hard service in the houses of other people, holding them to seven or eight years' hard service.  They say it is in order to learn better manners but they do it because they are better served by strangers, than they would by their own children.  This custom continues to this day under various forms including residential schools.  This basic belief is probably the foundation of the psychopathic brutality of the English peoples, during the next four centuries, to other peoples of the world.   The English are great lovers of themselves; things belonging to them, they think there are no other men than themselves and no other world but England.  If they see a handsome foreigner they say that he looks like an Englishman.  In Scotland the torching or burning of a witch is considered an ideal procedure to save souls.
The past twenty years of religious wars had claimed some eight hundred thousand lives, the razing of nine cities and two hundred villages.  King Henry IV (1589-1610) of Navarre now king of France married Marie de Medici a remote cousin to Catherine on October 5.  Pope Clement VIII (1592-1605) sent more than thirty heretics to the stake.  The Dominican philosopher Giordano Bruno (1548-1600) is one of his victims.  It is noteworthy the pope acceptance of the Edict of Nantes in 1598 allowed the Huguenots religious freedom, civil equality and other rights previously considered heresy.  Future Popes would consider this compromise a great evil.  Eighty thousand pilgrims are in Rome to celebrate the centennial.
The glacier of Chamonix, France, advanced, because of the Little Ice Age (1550-1850), causing massive floods, destroying 3 villages and severely damaged a fourth.  One of these villages had stood since 1200.
Spanish legislation becomes harsher, forbidding Gypsy (Gitanos) from dealing in horses. The local populace is given permission to form armed groups to pursue Gypsy (Gitanos).
A mass migration of nearly one million people led to the decline of this small nation called Holland.  The Netherlands has been occupied since 8,000 B.C. as any earlier occupation would be destroyed by the ice age.   The 'Eighty Year's War (1568-1648) to gain independence from Spain resulted in the exodus.  The first recapture by Spain resulted in 10,000 Dutch being killed.   It is noteworthy that Holland was a leading slave trader being responsible for shipping 550,000 Africans to America.  This does not include slaves from other areas.
April  The Dutch ship Liefde, piloted by Will Adams, reached Japan with a crew of 24 men. 6 of the crew soon died. 4 other ships in the expedition were lost.
April 19:  The Dutch ship de Liefde shipwrecked on Japan.  One of the survivors was William Adams aka Anshin Miura (1564-1620) an Englishman and pilot of the Liefde.  He stayed and became an advisor to the Shogunate.  The Jesuits attempted to denounce the Liefde survivors calling them thieves and robbers.  William Adams soon learned that the Jesuits had been filing false reports to Europe to discourage trade.  Adams had a wife and two children in England but took another wife in Japan and had another two children.  He also had a consort and one child.




1601
Two million Russians died of famine between 1601 and 1604 when a shortage of rye sent the price of bread skyrocketing.  See 1600 for the cause.
On September 21, Queen Marie de Medici of France is delivered a boy the future King Louis XIII.
1602
An agricultural failure in Russia (1602-1603) resulted in 2 million deaths, about 1/3 of the population.
Denmark imposed a strict trade monopoly and cut off Iceland's products from lucrative European markets.
1603
At the death of Queen Elizabeth I (1558-1603), James VI of Scotland became King James I, of England.  King James I is largely free from anti-Spanish feelings.  Within the past seventy-five years the population of England and Wales doubled placing great demand on food production and living conditions become worse.  The Presbyterian Kirk (church) in Scotland had no Bishops and is therefore a democratic institution difficult to control by the King.  England's Anglican Church had Bishops that supported the Monarch.  King James I, naturally liked the English system.  Those who wanted a more democratic church are called Puritans.
King Henry IV lifted the French ban against the Jesuit Order imposed by Catherine de Medicis but imposed limitations on the number of colleges, imposed special licenses on activities outside their own buildings and imposed an oath of allegiance to the king.  The Jesuit Order is know to be subversive and focused on the upper classes to gain positions of power and political influence.
Samuel de Champlain reported departing Honfleur in March 15, 1603 and March 21 met seven Flemish ships apparently on their way home from the New World.
October 20:  A Chinese uprising in the Philippines failed after 23,000 people are killed.
1604
James I assumed the title of King of Great Britain on October 24, 1604 uniting England and Scotland.  England and Spain concluded a peace treaty and relations became almost cordial.  War however continued between the Dutch and the Spanish.  Jamestown, Virginia is established in May of this year.
November 4:  The English were imprisoning and killing Catholics who showed any allegiances to Rome and the Pope.  Guy Fawkes (1570-1606) and others tried to overthrow the government by blowing up the House of Parliament.  Four hundred years later the British on November 5, light bonfires, burn effigies of Guy Fawkes and the Pope, and light fireworks.  Some suggest this perpetuates religious intolerance between Protestants and Catholics..
1605
Paul V alias Camillo Borghese (1605-1621) an Inquisitor is elected pope.  The church of Venice refused to accept the supremacy of the pope and forbid the erection on new churches, the acquisition of land by the church without permission and brought two clerics to trial in a secular court.  Pope Paul V excommunicated the senate and placed the city under an interdict.  Most of the clergy flouted it and those who observed it, notably the Jesuit are expelled from Venice.  The pope eventually had to back down.  This is to prevent Venice going Protestant or possibly a European war.  The clergy imprisoned in Venice are freed but the Jesuits are not allowed back into the city.
Foreign visitors to Spain noted that the fields lay idle, the vineyards are covered with nettles and thistles for lack of cultivators.  It is estimated that 150,000 vagabonds (unemployed) are in Spain.  The Spanish culture had created disdain for menial work (agriculture), even considered dishonorable and thousands fled to the city to beg.  Many of the necessities of life had to be imported causing an unfavorable balance of trade.  American treasure that is almost all exported the moment it arrives.
George Waymouth on a trading voyage to the Maine coast returned to Dartmouth with trade furs and five captured Indian girls.  The slave girls were trained in English and European dress to act as public relations agents to extol America as a veritable paradise to encourage investment and migration.
December 27, death John Davis (1543-1605) who married September 29, 1582, England to Faith Fulford, was killed by a Japanese sailor off the coast of Malaysia just after capturing his ship.
1606
Captain William Keeling sighted the Coco (Keeling) coral Islands, now a territory of Australia in the Indian Ocean.
1607
Within the manor of Writte in Essex, every reputed father of a bastard gotten there, must pay to the Lord for a fine three shillings four pence, and is called childwit. Childwit also applies to bondwomen (servants) gotten with child without the Lords consent.
January 30:  A sudden flood around the Bristol Channel in southwest Britain killed at least 2,000 people. It was the worst natural disaster ever recorded in Britain.  This was likely linked to the 1606-1612 drought that hit America the worst in 770 years.
1609
The Royal Council of Spain is requested to suggest means for securing the safety of Spain other than the slaughter of the whole Spanish-African (Moors) population.  Deportation to Newfoundland is suggested without increasing the dangerous population of Africa.  Others suggested enslavement, mutilation and wholesale massacre.  King Philip III of Spain directed by the Duke of Lerma ordered all Muslim's expelled and by 1614 this ethnic cleansing is reported completed.  Some devout Catholic Moors fled to the mountains and elected their own King.  A series of fierce fights followed in which thousands of Moors are slaughtered.  Many other Christian Moors fled to France.  Many Christian Moors expelled to Africa died as Christian martyrs.  Estimates of Moors killed and expelled from Spain range from 150,000 to 500,000 people.  Much money is made from the confiscated Spanish-Moor property.  It is noteworthy that the Moorish Kingdom was conquered by Spain in 1492 and are now expelled from their own lands.
Spain finally concluded a peace treaty with the Dutch establishing peace for the first time in Northern Europe.  France however continued to put obstacles in the way by supporting plot after plot.  Only the assassination of the French King Henry in 1610 avoided open war.
Japan sent an expedition to Formosa (Taiwan)
1610
Jean Francois Ravaillac May 14 in the Rue Saint-Honore stabbed King Henry IV (1589-1610) twice the second time being fatal.  He said he feared the King would lead the Huguenots in a mass slaughter of Roman Catholics.  Ravaillac is in the pay of the Jesuits so believed the Arnauld family.  His widow Mary de Medici and ardent supporter of Spain now ruled France for her infant son King Louis XIII.  Spain how only had to contend with minor wars in Italy and the Mediterranean.
Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) expressed his disgust with those who close their eyes to the light of truth and search for authority in books.  The church authority at this time is based upon tradition and has no room for conflicting facts.  Some church officials admitted Galileo's finds are correct but claimed you can't change 2,500 years of tradition. Galileo said the bible shows us the way to go to heaven but not the way the heavens go. Threatened by the pope with being burned as a heretic, he recanted his findings.
It is interesting to note that this year the word witch is first added to the Bible, 1Samuel 28 the word spirit became witch.
December 11, Gustavus Adolphus (1611-1632) is elected King of Sweden and hereditary Prince of the Goths and Vandals.
1611
King James I of England had a desperate need for money that he called this eating canker of want.  He sold land, monopoly privileges, and Hereditary titles.
Inquisitor Salazar Frias in Spain examined 1,800 cases of witchcraft compiled masses of evidence and reported they are all subjects of delusions and that many confessions had been extracted under torture.  As a result mass witch burning that ravaged Germany and France never visited Spain.
1612
John Smyth in London established the Baptist Church believing the religion is a personal relationship between man and God.
1613
The end of what some called the Time of Troubles in Russian history (1604-1613) and from this time the rise of Russia as an effective power in western politics began.  Labor was considered a premium and Russia counted her wealth in terms of the number of souls they controlled and not in terms of the acres they controlled.  The French establishes a Mission on the Island of Mount Desert, Maine.  Samuel Argall an Englishman destroyed the mission and attacked Port Royal.
1614
The Jesuits are expelled from Japan and Christian activity is outlawed.  Some suggest it was because of the Jesuits telling lies about Japan to discourage trade.  They had been in Japan since 1549 and wanted to maintain their monopoly as information brokers.  They blamed William Adams aka Anshin Miura (1564-1620) the first Englishman to Japan in 1600.
1615
Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) attempted to convince the Roman Church that God reveals truth in both the Bible and physical nature.  The truth of the physical nature did not contradict the Bible if the Bible is properly understood.  Galileo writings are heresy as the Churches position is that the Holy Bible can never speak untruth and it clearly states the sun moves about the earth.
1616
The Holy Office on March 3, 1616 placed the works of Copernicus on the Index of Condemned books.
Japan sends an invasion for into Formosa (Taiwan) but is repulsed by the aboriginal people the Pinyan (Pinwan)
1617
Ferdinard of Styria (Habsburg Family) is elected King of Bohemia (Northern Austria), 1618 King of Hungary and
1619 King of Austria, effectively all the Eastern heritage.  Ferdinard is considered by many to be just a tool of the Jesuits.
1618 - 1648
Beginning of the thirty-year war that began as a European religious struggle ended as a political power struggle.  Mercenaries had no loyalty and would changed sides if not paid and who are allowed to pillage and suppress the population with terrible devastation.  The English Parliament wished to go to war against the Catholics but King James I, the Scot would not agree.
The Turks annexed Armenia and Georgia.
During the period of the Thirty Year War (1618-1648) about 60 million people died in Europe from smallpox.
The Jesuit, Father Florencio and Father Luis de Aliaga organized a rebellion to expel the Duke of Lerma effective ruler of the Spanish Empire.  To avoid persecution the Duke convinced Pope Paul V (1605-1621) to make him a cardinal.  The King allowed him to retire uninjured in person or in ill-gotten gains.  The Duke of Uceda a Jesuit supporter succeed the Duke of Lerma as chief confidant to the King.
Sir Walter Raleigh (1552-1618) is executed (beheaded) after spending his last decade in the Toer of London. His lucrative discovery of tobacco in the New World inspired Queen Elizabeth to declare that she has heard of many who have turned gold into smoke, but Raleigh is the first to turn smoke into gold.  He also introduced potatoes to the British Isles.  His efforts to plant a colony in America all failed as did his exploration for gold.
1619
The French banned the pommes de terre (potato) in Burgundy, France and burned the crop to protect citizens from leprosy and its base addiction and craving.  The Vatican had banned the root in the 15th century as the root of man's licentious and depraved moral behavior.  The fear is that the roots would make the pheasants self sufficient and would have too much time on their hands..
Frederick V and Elizabeth daughter James I of England and VI of Scotland became monarchs of Bohemia (Czechoslovakia).  Their son prince Ruprecht von Wittelsbach is born the first prince born in Bohemia for more than a century.  The Jesuits called Frederick The Winter King who would vanish as surely as the snow.  The Jesuits are secretly in league with the Habsburg emperor in Vienna who is plotting to bind the Bohemian subjects closer to his crown.  The Austrian army overwhelmed the Bohemian army this autumn along the White Mountains as predicted by the Jesuit.  The royal family fled Bohemia.
Philip III declares all Gypsy (Gitanos) are to be banished from the kingdom of Spain within six months, or to settle in a locality with over 1,000 inhabitants. The dress, name and language of the Gypsy (Gitanos) is banned. The punishment is death.
1620
Guangzong of China with a Reign Title of Taichang, Reigned 1620 of the Ming Dynesty.
Pope Paul V (1605-1621) initially did not want to take sides in the thirty-year war but this year the Vatican gave substantial subsidies to Emperor Ferdinand II (1619-1637) and the Holy Catholic League to exploit their victory over the Protestants in Prague.
Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) was one of the first to recognize 'Continental Drift' aka 'Plate Tectonics' when he said 'eppur si mouove' - bit it does move.  He was not alone as Francois Bacon also proposed the theory of Continental Drift.
Coalbrokdale, England, a steel furnace was uncovered, believed to be the oldest in the world.  Some suggest this marks the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in England.
1621
Hsizong of China with a Reign Title of Dianqi, Reigned (1621-1627) of the Ming Dynesty.
Gregory XV alias Alessandro Ludovisi (1621-1623) is elected pope, the first Jesuit trained pope.  He believed the objective of the papacy is to promote and maintain unity among the Catholic powers.  The populace had little faith in the papacy because the pope is elected by political powers.  He introduced the secret written ballot to the election of popes.  He also created the Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith to regulate missionaries likely proposed by the Jesuit.  It wanted to replace the Catholic sovereign control of missionaries in heathen lands and to cover Protestant sovereigns who through their heresy lost this right.  This congregation of 13 cardinals became the Counter-Reformation headquarters.  The Pope pressed King Philip II of Spain to break the twelve-year truce in the Netherlands to attack the Calvinists.
England’s King James I aware that there is a New England, a New Spain and a New France proclaimed a New Scotland (Nova Scotia).  Sir William Alexander is given the Maritime Provinces and the Gaspe Peninsula.  The land grant in Latin called New Scotland as Nova Scotia.  The King gave little regard the land is already occupied by the MicMac Nation and the French.  This simple act of stupidity would create the most fought over place in America.
The idea of witches being associated with their familiars is first noted about this time.
War resumes between Spain and the Netherlands.
1622
The Papacy adopts January 1, as the beginning of the New Year rather than March 25.
1623
The Dutch established Formosa (Taiwan) as a base for trading with China and Japan.
Pope Gregory XVI decreed that anyone making a pact with Satan to produce impotence in animals or to harm the fruits of the earth are to be imprisoned for life by the inquisition.  Urban VIII alias Maffeo Barberini (1623-1644) Jesuit educated is elected pope.  A reckless nepotism making and placing his brother and nephews into cardinals and then enriching them.
1625
This is the year of the English plague where one quarter of England's population died.  The Catholic League (Inquisition) perfected the principle of self-sustained war by creating armies that paid for themselves by consistent plunder and requisition.  One would strip the countryside completely so that little is left for its inhabitants but to join the army and loot somewhere else.
King Charles I (1600-1649) king (1625-1649) of England, Scotland and Ireland waged war throughout most of his reign.  1625-1628 war with France and Spain; 1639 first Bishops war; 1640 second Bishop's war; 1642-1646 First English Civil War.  He lost his head January 30, 1649 because of misuse of royal authority..
Hugo Grotius applied the Roman legal concept of lands previously unclaimed to nations as to things without a master, they belong to him who discovers and occupies them.  In simple terms might is right.
1626
The Dutch built Fort San Salvador on Formosa (Taiwan).
The census of 1626-1627 in Russia attempted to fix the habitation of each peasant family and henceforward no peasant was allowed to leave the domain of the landlord on whose property he was found.  This was a form of slavery but actual slavery was officially abolished.
July 30:  An earthquake hit Naples, Italy and some 10,000 died.  Italy has been hit by over 5,000 earthquakes between 1,450B.C. and 1881 AD.  Naples was hit 1456 with 40K dead, some say 1626 Naples was 70K dead, 1693 Naples 93k dead.
November 7:  Peter Schager of Amsterdam informed the States General that the ship "The Arms of Amsterdam" had arrived with a cargo of furs and timber from New Netherlands and that the settlers there had bought the Island of Manhattes for 60 guilders.  The legend or myth is created.


1627: The first Manchu invasion.

1627
Jahangir, (1569–1627), fourth Mughal Emperor of India (1605–27), was a man of excesses, he had 12,000 elephants, 10,000 oxen, 10,000 carrier pigeons, 5,000 women, 4,000 dogs, 3,000 deer, 2,000 camels, 1,000 young men for alternate pleasures, 500 buffalo, 300 royal wives and 100 tamed lions.
1628
The Dutch built Fort Tamsui on Formosa (Taiwan).
(Ssuzong) of China with a Reign Title of Chongzheng, Reigned (1628-1644) ending the reign of the Ming Dynesty.
In late October:   Cardinal Richelieu (1585-1642) destroyed the starving Huguenot stronghold at La Rochelle, France.  This is where Etienne Mazoue and Marie Merand lived, the parents of Marie who would marry (I)-Louis Garnaud, July 23, 1663 Quebec, New France.  They retained their right to practice the so-called 'Reformed Religion'.  Dukes De Soubise and Rohn had led the rebellion.
1629
The Black Death or Bubonic Plague (Bacillus Yersinia Pestis) arrive Milan, Italy killing 280,000 people between 1629-1631.
The Batavia, a Dutch East India ship, struck a reef off the western coast of Australia. Some 300 survivors made it to a tiny island in the Houtman Abrolhos archipelago, where Jeronimus Cornelisz, a junior officer, took power after a vicious struggle. He ran a regime of murder, rape and torture for 3 months when helped arrived from the Dutch colony on Java. 70 of the 300 initial survivors were still alive. Cornelisz was quickly tried and executed.




1630
The French policy of intervention in the European wars to the greater glory of France led to higher taxes then riots at Dijon in 1630, Paris in 1631, and Lyons in 1632.
During 1630/1631 there was a great famine in India.  Cannibalism was so rampant that human flesh was sold on the open market.
There was a great famine in India (1630-1631) . Records indicate that cannibalism became so rampant that human flesh was sold on the open market.
November 1:   In Italy 12,000 inhabitants of Venice died of plague. 80,000 people died over a period of 17 months.





1630-The Acadians (French: Acadiens, IPA: [akadjɛ̃]) are the descendants of the 17th-century French colonists who settled in Acadia, a colony of New France. The colony was located in what is now Eastern Canada's Maritime provinces(Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island), as well as part ofQuebec, and present-day Maine to the Kennebec River.



1631
The Holy Roman Empire in May besieged the walled city of Magdeburg.  The Protestant Germans and Swedes refused to surrender.  Gustavus Adolphus (1611-1632) of Sweden fielded 100,000 men and expected to double this number by 1632.  The Catholics slaughtered 25,000 residents so brutal that Imperial army commander Count Johann Tilly began hiding women and children in a cathedral.  Cardinal Richelieu (1585-1642) of France is determined to contain Spanish power and influence even if that means aiding and abetting Protestants.  He pledged funds this year to the Protestant army of Gustavus Adolphus (1611-1632) of Sweden and at the same time insisting Catholic Bavarian be spared from attack and that Catholics in conquered countries be permitted to practice their religion.  Pope Urban VIII (1623-1644) worked diligently to prevent any alliance between France and the Protestant Sweden and took no action against Cardinal Richelieu until its consequence became apparent.
Almost all the inhabitants of the village of Baltimore, in Ireland, were captured in 1631, by Muslim slave traders.


1632
Conditions around Poitiers, France are deteriorating because of the wars, pestilence and overcrowding.  All the cultivated land is already cut up into very small pieces and the district has few surplus lots to offer.  The second or younger sons had little chance of inheriting a small piece of the family farm or of becoming a craftsman or exercising a trade.  Another pestilence decimated a large part of the population in the district this year but did not relieve the over crowding situation.  Paul Le Jeune said that before the Roman faith is received in Germany, Spain or England these nations are not more civilized than the Indians of New France.  He wisely omitted France in his analogy.
Two gallons of beer were included in the weekly ration for each child in the children's hospital in Norwich, England.
1633
Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) a personal friend of the pope is forced under threat of torture by Pope Urban VIII (1623-1644), seven Cardinals and fabricated evidence to recant that the sun is not the center of the world and that the earth moves.  Galileo is forced to deny truth to save himself from torture and hell.  This Church decision would hold until 1992 when Pope John Paul II would declare that the Church had made an error.

1635
Sweden is growing poorer every year, in spite of the fact that war is supposed to pay its own way.  Sweden wants peace but France wanted war and Pope Urban VIII (1623-1644) backed France in the war.  France declared open war on Spain but avoided attacking Spain until 1638.
Japan isolated itself from all traders except the Dutch traders.



1635-In April 1635, Sweden and France signed the Treaty of Compiegne. France in the mid-1630’s was fearful of a strong and unchallenged Holy Roman Empire.


1636: The second Manchu invasion.


1637
England’s attempt to impose Anglicanism on the Scottish Calvinists sparked a rebellion in Scotland.  This rebellion would eventually escalate into full-scale war.
The first anti-Gypsy law in Sweden is enacted. All Roma should be expelled from the country within one year. If any Gypsy (Roma) are found in Sweden after that date the men will be hanged and the women and children will be driven out from the country.  This evolved into the gentlemen sport of Gypsy-hunting throughout Europe..
1638
France and Sweden formed an alliance that prolonged the war and the people's sufferings.  Uprising of the Scots, who joined in the Covenant to defend themselves against the introduction of the Anglican Church into Scotland by William Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury.
Japan's feudal government actively opposed the spread of Christianity.  Christians of the Shimabara Peninsula revolted against the persecution and some twenty thousand made a last stand in a deserted castle.  The Christians killed some ten thousand persecutors before being overpowered and only about one hundred survived.  The rebellion only increased Japan's hostility toward Christianity.
1639
January 23:   Francisco Maldonado de Silva, a surgeon, a Portuguese, a Jew but a prominent citizen of Spain refused to recant his religion is burnt and becomes a true martyr.
April 22:  Pope Urban VIII (1623-1644), Commissum Nobis ruled that Indians not be deprived of liberty or their possessions in violation of Canon Law so no one paid attention.   See 340, 600, 655, 1187, and 1548.
1640
France supported the revolts of Catalonia and Portugal against Spain including direct invasion.  Portugal broke away from Spain.  Jerome Le Royer de La Dauversiere a poor tax collector scoured Anjou, Aunis and Normandy, France for unmarried men who for wages, food and lodging would defend the mission and clear land for three years in New France.  The expedition of forty-two men, two families and two girls departed Maisonneuve in May 1641.  Another twelve would depart a little later.
Spain refused to receive the Popes nuncio when Pope Innocent X (1644-1655) and Pope Alexander VII (1655-1667) both declined to recognize John IV of Portugal (1640-1656) or to fill the bishoprics with his nominees.  The King left them unfilled, appreciated their income, and even discussed setting up a New National Church.
Pope Urban VIII (1623-1644) ordered Spanish priests to stop smoking cigars.
Swedish and French armies co-operated with a combined penetration of Bohemia (Austria) in the hereditary  countries of the Imperialists of the Holy Roman Empire.
Cornelius Jansen at Louvain published his Augustinus based on St Augustus teachings on free will.
The Puritans of England suggested husbands and wives be equal.
1641
(I)-Louis Garnaud, is born 1641, son Pierre Garnault and Jeanne Barrault of Grimaudiere, that is five miles from Mirebeau in the district of Leveche De (Vienna) Poitiers, France.  He is probably a Calvinist.  Louis died April 2, 1698 L'Ange-Gardien, New France.
Pope Urban VIII (1623-1644) driven by greed went to war over the papal fief of Castro on the pretext that Odoardo Farnese had defaulted on his debts to the Vatican.  Castro allied with Venice, Tuscany and Modena with support from France and imposed a humiliating defeat of the pope armies.  This petty war financially crippled the papal state.  The Roman populace broke into riotous jubilation at the news of the death of Pope Urban VIII (1623-1644) in 1644.
Ireland exploded in rebellion against the Protestant English and Scottish settlers who were forcing the Catholic Irish off their land.  As many as three thousand men, women and children were killed, most of them in Ulster.  King Charles and Parliament quarreled over who should control an army to defeat the rebels in Ireland.  Parliament was fearful of Charles friendship to the Catholic Church and was fearful Charles would use an army against the Protestant Parliament.  London locked its gates against the King and Charles moved to Nottingham.  Civil war had started.
Soap is being manufactured in England and prior to this time bathing was rare in Europe.  The Roman Catholic Church considered it a sin to expose the body, even to oneself.  Some called the Middle Ages as 1,000 years without a bath.
1642
The Dutch built Fort Anthonio on Formosa (Taiwan), they effectively controlled the Island and drove the Spanish from the Island.
The Rebels who are battling the Ming Dynasty rulers deliberately broke river dikes at the city of Kaifeng in China's Honan province, flooding the city, hundreds of thousands died as a result.
Cardinal Richelieu (Armand Jean du Plessis) (1585-1642) held the power of France from 1624-1642.  Richelieu is considered a pitiless warmonger who sided with the Protestants and plotted for war if peace threatened to break out if it suited his political ambitions.  The English summarized Cardinal Richelieu's reign, France he subdued, Italy he terrified, Germany he shook, Spain he afflicted, Portugal he crowned, Lorraine he took, Catalonia he received, Swethland he fostered, Flanders he mangled, England he troubled, Europe he beguiled.  Cardinal Mazarin (d-1661) replaced Richelieu and his policies would also continued to cause riots, treacheries and civil wars between 1648 to 1653.
Leonard Torstenson ended the Saxon at the second battle of Breitenfeld and they ceased to exist as an independent state.
The English Civil War begins (1642-1649).
Chinese floods kill 300,000 people.
1643
Louis XIV (1643-1715) reigned under one formula "One King, One Faith, One Law" in France.  He owed account neither to Church nor to the people.  He continued the persecution of the Christian Protestants using the secret police for Royal orders of arrest and political detention, driving out many skilled craftsmen.  Louis is called the Sun King and believed himself to be God's Lieutenant called to rule.  He proclaimed I am the state and insisted on absolute hierarchical power where each man had a superior to whom he paid all deference and loyalty.
Dutch navigator, Abel Tasman landed Fiji (Cannibel Island).  It is noteworthy that only one European was killed and eaten, the Reverend Thomas Baker, a Methodist, who insulted one of the chiefs.
1644
(I)-Marie Mazoue, was born December 8, 1644, baptized a Calvinist in La Rochelle (the Huguenot strong hold), Aunis, France, daughter of Etienne Mazoue and Marie Merand.  Marie would marry (I)-Louis Garnaud, July 23, 1663 Quebec, New France.
Innocent X alias Giambattista Pamfili (1644-1655) is elected pope despite serious objections from the French court and the pope immediately sequestered the riches amassed by Pope Urban VIII (1623-1644) relatives.  Cardinal Jules Mazarin (1602-1661) the French minister took the family under his protection and induced the pope to pardon them.  Pope Innocent himself then practiced nepotism loading the papal offices with his kinsmen.  Many accused Pope Innocent with immoral conduct toward his sister in law Donna Olimpia Maidalchini who dominated the papal decisions.
The Ch'ing (Manchu) dynasty in china began (1644-1912).  Others say Qing Dynasty (1644-1911)
The Manchu emperors of China ordered all subjects to shave the top of their heads and wear the rest of their hair in a braid. The men complied until 1911 but the women did not.  Many Chinese mandarins fled to the port of Hoi An, Vietnam, when the Ming Dynasty was overthrown. Hoi An at this time was known as Faifo.
Shizu of China with a Reign Title of Shunzhi, Reigned (1644-1661) of the Qing Dynesty.
According to one report, 7,000 English people were abducted into theMuslim  slave trade between 1622 to 1644, many of them ship crews and passengers.

1645
King Charles Royalist army is finally defeated as he had no method of raising funds.  Oliver Cromwell from East Anglia captured King Charles I but him in prison but did not know what to do with him.  The Puritans wanted the Kingship eliminated and the King's death for treason believing they could build God's kingdom in England.  The majority of people wanted the King back and two thirds of the MP's did not want the King put on trial.  The army removed the objectors and the remaining minority of fifty-three found him guilty of making war against his kingdom and the parliament.
Matthew Hopkins a Suffolk lawyer of little note claimed the title Witch Finder General.  He is responsible for the strip searches and interrogation and the hanging of fifty-eight women in Suffolk, St, Edmunds, Norfolk, Cambridgeshire, Huntingdon and Bedford.  Hopkins is later charged with cruelty and torture of women and enriching himself at the expense of the country. At last Hopkins himself was tested by his own rule. Being cast into a river, he floated, and was declared to be a wizard, and was put to death.
The Manchu siege of Yangzhou, China in May resulted in the death of 800,000 residents of the city.   Chinese missionaries began adapting some traditional Chinese rituals and Pope Innocent X issued his Propaganda decree condemning the practice.
1646
Italy is the main theatre of war this year.
An ordinance passed in Berne gives anyone the right "personally to kill or liquidate by bastinado or firearms" Roma or Heiden (heathen) malefactors.
1647
Naples revolted against Spain and Pope Innocent X (144-1655) sided with Spain less Naples fall into the hands of France.  He provided financial aid to Venice and Poland against the Turks.
England passed a law that abolished Christmas.  Sometimes entire congregations were arrested for protesting the abolishment of Christmas.
Gypsy (Roma) are punished by the Louis XIV regency of France for being "Bohemians." Punishment is the galleys.
Adam Olerius reports seeing the petrified remains of Noah's Ark.
July 22:  About thousands of Jews of Polannoe are massacred by Cossack Bogdan Chmielnicki (1593-1657) starting the Khmelnytsky Uprising which is generally referred to as the Deluge (1648-1657).   The Jews are intermediaries of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.  It is estimated that 4 million died of which 100,000 were Jews.  The original estimates were 10 to 12 million but this was a gross over estimate.  Polish nobles, officials and priests are killed or driven from the region.  Some areas were totally depopulated and many women and children were sold into slavery.  Sweden, Russia and France also warred against the Poles.  This revolution effectively turned the Ukraine over to Russian domination.

1648
A French-Swedish army devastated Bavaria.  France and Spain continued their bloody struggle.  An acute famine struck Ferrara.
Peace of Westphalia is concluded allowing religious freedom to the Calvinists, changes in denominations are to be tolerated however lands of the Emperor where the Catholic faith alone is acceptable and the year 1624 is to be considered the point-in-time determining the state of Ecclesiastic possessions and denominations.  More important an ideal is born, reason is born, the courage to be critical with freedom of thought and that religious toleration must overcome religious dogmatism, ecclesiastic and government authority and moral and class prejudices, humanism is born.  The Roman Church would continue to resist religious freedom even though the Catholic Church received its position in Rome through Roman Empire freedom of religion laws.  Pope Innocent X (1644-1655) condemned this freedom of religion treaty and began working to undermine the treaty and ferment more war supporting Spain against France.  Emperor Ferdinand III (1637-1657) and Elector Maximilian I of Baveria (1623-1651) deemed the compromise unavoidable yet the future Pope Alexander VII (1655-1667) would also condemn the treaty.  It is noteworth that Pop Innocent claimed he didn't have enough money to support Emperor Ferdinand III.  The war had cost German some five million people in some areas as much as 70% of the population (widespread robbery, brutality, dissipation and delusions about witchcraft).  Germany is turned into the Holy Roman Empire from 1648 to its final dissolution in 1806.  There are about three hundred states in the Empire acting as sovereign units.  The treaty recognized the Republic of the United Netherlands, part of which is now modern Belgium.  Cromwell defeated the Scots at Preston.
In Sweden the violin was introduced, likely by the French musicians at the court of Queen Christina.  The violin would become the preferred instrument of the Metis in America.
The German region at this time is composed of some three hundred individual sovereign city-states.
Russia serfs were made part of the land that they inhabited.  A later edict allowed them to be sold with the land.
October 24:  Chmielnicki Hordes in Narol Podlia (Ukraine) massacred 12,000 Jews.
1649
Paris Parliament initiates the Fronde rebellion of 1649-1652 along with segments of the French nobility and townspeople.  Their aims are to reversing the draft towards absolute monarchy and to preserve some local autonomy.
Port Royal, France:   This poor country is a horrible site, it is stripped of everything.  The soldiers steal everything.  It is impossible to plough.
The British Parliament invoked a law that made it a crime, punishable by burning at the stake, to forecast the weather.
In Seville, Spain, one in three died of the Black Plague.
January 31:   King Charles is executed and Oliver Cromwell created a Republic that would last until 1660.  Cromwell believed he is called by God to rule the nation.  He had no problem in killing 100 women whose husbands are part of the Royalist Army.  They had eliminated the monarchy and they now got rid of the House of Lords and the Anglican Church.  King Cromwell however allowed Jews to again settle in Britain, the first Jews allowed in over three hundred and fifty years.  Scotland was shocked and King Charles II joined them to fight against Cromwell's gang, they lost and Charles fled to France.  Scotland was brought under English Republic rule.  Oliver Cromwell took an army to Ireland to punish the Irish for killing of Protestants in 1641.  He captured Drogheda and Wexford and his soldiers killed the inhabitants of both, about six thousand in all.  The English soldiers used Irish children as shields to keep themselves from being shot or brained.
Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658) headed up the Commonwealth of England (1653-1658).  He was a religious genocidal fanatic, he seized Drogheda, Ireland and massacred 3,000 Catholics with cannon fire.  He captured 50,000 Irish men, women and children and sold them into slavery to the Bermuda and Barbados.  He married Elizabeth Boucher and two daughters died before his painful death.  He was so hated that upon his death his body was dug up, hanged in chains and beheaded.  His body was dumped in a pit and his head put on display.  Some modern English honor this evil man.
1650
England imposes the Penal Laws on Ireland.  Catholicism is outlawed as is the exporting of Irish commodities.  This oppressive law is designed to impoverish and degrade the Irish Celts.
French Bishop Jacques Benigne (1627-1704) in his Universal History proclaimed that royal power is absolute and need render account of his acts to no one.  He counsels his flock to keep the kings commandments.  Unite in a single person, behold this holy power, paternal and absolute, and see the image of God in the King.
Cyrano de Bergerac (1620-1655) is believed to be the first to suggest the use of rockets to travel from the earth to the moon.
Last known execution for being Gypsies, in Suffolk, England. Others are banished to America.
1651
The English navigation act is directed against the Dutch forbid foreign goods to be brought into England except by English vessels or vessels from the country of the goods origin.
Normandy, Saint Quentain, France; We only give bread to those who would otherwise die.  The staple dish here consists of mice, which the inhabitants hunt, so desperate are they from hungar.  They devour roots which animals cannot eat.  Not a day passes that at least 200 people die of famine in the two provinces.  Herds of men and women wander the fields between Rheims and Rhetel turning up the earth like pigs to find a few rotten roots.  Some live on chopped straw mixed with earth, others on diseased bodies of dead animals.
1652
Port Royal, France: People massacre each other daily with every sort of cruelty.  Soldiers steal from one another, spoil more property than they carry off, they themselves are reduced to starvation.
A schism within the Russian Orthodox Church led to the traditionalists being called the Raskolniki that would evolve into the Doukhobors that would migrate to Canada.
Matiasz Korolewicz is conferred the title "King of the Gypsies" by the Polish Royal Chancery.
The Dutch East India Company founded Cape Town (South Africa) as a provisioning station.  Wars, loss of land, and disease decimated the native Khoisan population.  Dutch colonists born on African soil became known as Afrikaners.


1653: Dutch ship, with Captain Hendrick Hamel, wrecked on Jeju Island.

1653
Pope Innocent X (1644-1655) commissioned a special commission in 1651 to examine five propositions of Jansenism based on the teachings of St. Augustine's on grace and free will.  Any semblance of free will, equality or democracy is considered the most serious of heresy.  In 1653 he issued a bull unconditionally condemning the five propositions that effectively also condemned St. Augustine in many believers eyes.  Pope Innocent X (1744-1655) declares the Jansenism movement in France having so confronted the Jesuit Order on matters of principle and faith as a heresy.  The Order is ultimately disbanded and suppressed.
Disagreement between the army and Parliament resulted in its dissolution this year.  The army wanted a new equality among all men, those over twenty-one would have the right to elect MP's, and they wanted complete religious freedom.  These people are called Levellers and they are defeated.  King Oliver Cromwell ruled as a monarch with his army forbidding people to celebrate Christmas and Easter or to play games on a Sunday.
1654
Queen Christina of Sweden (1632-1654) daughter of the Protestant Gustavious Adolphus (1594-1632) abdicated, converted to Roman Catholic, move to Rome and became a burden on the Church.
1655
The religious peace of Augsburg is now to include the Calvinists.  Alexander VII alias Fabio Chigi (1655-1667) an Inquisitor of Malta is elected pope.  The French minister Cardinal Jules Mazarin (1602-1661) objected to the election.
It is estimated that a hundred times more people have been sent to the public gallows in France than were killed in war.
1656
Blaise Pascal a Jansenist attacked the Jesuit as condoning lying, adultery, murder and degrading religion into the observance of empty forms.  This is an extremist position but containing elements of truth as history would confirm.  Pope Alexander VII originally opposed nepotism but the curia convinced him that the pope's family should live in style and thus strengthen his own position.  The pope had poor relations with Louis XIV of France because the Vatican sheltered Cardinal de Retz his rival who had escaped France in 1654.  The pope also is known to firmly refuse to enter into discussion with those he considered heretics.  He convinced Venice to allow the return of the Jesuits who had been expelled in 1605 during the reign of Pope Paul V (1605-1621).  The pope bent to the Jesuit missionaries  in China allowing the performance of certain indigenous rites as being effectively civil ceremonies.
Plague kills 400,000 in Naples.
1657
Emperor Ferdinand III (1637-1657) is followed by Emperor Leopold I of Austria (1658-1705) who is violently opposed by Cardinal Jules Mazarin (1602-1661) but supported by Pope Alexander VII (1655-1667).
1658
King Oliver Cromwell died hoping his son King Richard Cromwell would begin a new dynasty but Richard is not a good leader and the army commanders began to quarrel among themselves.  Philip IV arranged peace November 24, 1658 with Louis XIV, Mazarin, at Lyon.  Leopold I (d-1705) ruled the Austrian Hapsburg dominions.  England in alliance with France defeated the Spanish in the battle of the Dunes.
1659
Starvation, pestilence and war plague France.  The peasants are paying a large portion of their crop for local seigneur feudal dues, church tithes and the king’s taxes.  The average life expectancy is about twenty-five years.  Twenty five percent of children did not live past one year of age.  France at this time is still a patchwork of overlapping and conflicting jurisdictions.  Royal authority is mostly restricted to Paris.  Brittany, Provence and Normandy had their own parliaments, estates, laws, and liberties.  Thirty-five years of religious rule left disorder throughout the land.
(I)-Louis Garnaud departed France for the New France colony Quebec.  His most probable departure point is La Rochelle (a former Huguenot strong hold), France that was considered a sordid town, at that time, because of it crowded and shabby streets packed tightly about the waterfront.  Family tradition suggests he left France due to religious persecution.  On November 7, 1659 France and Spain signed the Treaty of the Pyrenees.
August:   Turenne seized Gravelines, that is still part of France.  He then took Oudenarde and Ypres.  He threatened Ghent and Brussels.  Flanders is almost completely conquered.  This period is described by some as the universal shaking days, a religious war of every man against every man.  Life is described as solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short.  The Thirty Years of War changed from a simple religious war to a primary power struggle.  The Spanish civil war begun in 1640 only ended this year ending hostilities between France and Spain under the Treaty of Pyrenees.  Louis XIV of France excluded Pope Alexander VII (1655-1667) from any participation in the peace process.



1660
One of Cromwell's commanders marched his army to London and forced elections and invited Charles II to return to his Kingdom, the attempt at Republic Government was over.  When Charles returned all laws and acts of Cromwell were canceled, some say he never said a foolish thing, nor ever did a wise one but believed in the divine right of Kings.  He did support the removal of centuries of Church suppression by telling the Royal Society to examine all systems, theories, principles, elements, histories and experiments of things natural, mathematical and mechanical, truly heresy.  King Charles II (1660-1785) a Roman Catholic during his first two years whipped and imprisoned 3,000 Quakers.  This action made the Quakers like the early Christians stronger in faith.  The Quaker movement rapidly spread throughout the British Empire, Holland, Germany and even Russia.  King Charles II believed that Protestant Religion makes people too independent thinking and this threatened the belief of one absolute King.
A hole in reality (a vacuum) is discovered.  The English embraced the vacuum as a place where God and angles could live.  Rome considered this thinking as heresy and insisted a vacuum doesn't exist and Christians must believe dogma this as a matter of faith.
The Hapsburg monarchy a disparate collection of inheritances housed several languages, German, Czech, Magyar and others.  In the west and south are the hereditary provinces of the Austrian house subject to the ruler of Vienna.  The ruler of Vienna is the Duke of Upper and Lower Austria, of Carinthia and Carniola Margrave of Styria and lord of lands in Swabia.  Sporadic fighting between Austria and Turkey would turn into a larger-scale war after Turkey took Transylvania.
Gypsy (Roma) are prohibited from residence in France by Louis XIV. Punishment is banishment. A second offense results in the galleys or corporal punishment.
1661
King Louis XIV (age 22 years) assumed the reigns of Government in France he felt called on to increase and represent the glory of the state through secret council and secret police.  He stated that "I have no intention of sharing my authority with them," the vile creatures of Cardinal Mazarin (1602-1661).  The King thereby withdrew his ambassador from Rome and expelled the nuncio in Paris.  The King occupied the papal enclaves of Avignon and Venaissin and threatened to invade the papal states.
The Quaker's of England claimed that all men and women were equal, and more outrageous that all war was wrong.  The were considered a religious sect of nonconformists.
Johann Georg II, elector of Saxony, imposes the death penalty to any Roma caught in his territory.
April 29:  Koxinga (Zheng Cheng-Gong) of Chinese Ming Dynasty invaded and occupied Formosa (Taiwan).
1662
Shengzu of China with a Reign Title of Kangxi, Reigned (1662-1722) of the Qing Dynesty.
The Dutch East India Company controlled and administrated Formosa (Taiwan) until this date when Koxinga (Zheng Cheng-Gong), of the Ming Dynasty defeated the Dutch.
Venice some believed had gone mad.  Gambling went on day and night and it was noted that Abbe Grioni bet all his clothes on the turn of the wheel, lost and returned to the monastery naked.  Nuns fought among themselves for the honor of serving as mistress to a visiting papal nuncio.  It was considered a disgrace for a married patrician woman not to have a cicisbeo, a combination lover and gentleman in waiting.
1663
(I)-Marie Mazoue departed (Charente-Maritime) La Rochelle, Aunis, France for the New France colony Quebec.  Her dowry of 450 pounds included 300 pounds from her Godmother Marie Flacquemesle.  Her dowry suggests a high probability that she was one of the King's daughters or Fillies Du Roi.  The King's Daughters (by Joy Reisinger, Elmer Courteam) defines this period as 1663 to 1673 where the King of France provided dowry for poor or adventurous young girls, some as young as sixteen who would immigrate to New France.  The Kings Daughters usually received a dowry of 100 Livre, 10 for personal and moving expenses, 30 for clothing and 60 for passage.  She was also given a hope chest containing cloth and sewing essentials.
Ahmed Kuprili of Turkey moved his army up the Danube toward Vienna, Austria.  A battle of St. Gotthard, Hungary stopped the advance in 1664 imposing a twenty-year truce.
"Peas porridge hot, Peas porridge cold, Some like it hot, Some like it cold, Some like it in the pot Nine days old"  This rhyme appears to predate this time but it represents a daily reality of the time.  Those families who could afford it had a big pot that was always in or near the fire.  They ate mostly vegetables and did not get much meat.  They would eat the stew for dinner, leaving leftovers in the pot to get cold overnight and then next day add to the stew for that day.  They also called it 'pot luck' because you were never sure what you were eating.  Sometimes they could obtain pork, which they proudly displayed to visitors as a sign of wealth that a man could 'bring home the bacon'.  They would cut off a little to share with guests and would all sit around and 'chew the fat'.
1664
Jean Baptiste Colbert (b-1619) of France with authority to establish monopolies established the East and West India Companies.  Pope Alexander VII (1655-1667) with no allies offered apologies and accepted the humiliating conditions of the treaty of Pisa including the requirement to establish a pyramid in Rome admitting the Vatican soldier’s guilt.  He had to defer completely to the Kings demand to appoint the Episcopal in France.
A plague epidemic hit Edinburgh, Scotland aka Eiden's Fort and devastated the sub city below the aboveground city.
1665
The Duke of Austria became Landesfurst of Tyrol.  Richard Baxter of Britain argued that to catch up poor Negroes, or people of other lands, that never forfeited life and liberty, and to make them slaves, and sell them, is one of the worst kinds of thefts in the world.  Such persons are to be considered as the common enemies of mankind.  Baxter however was not taken seriously.
The Black Death or Bubonic Plague (Bacillus Yersinia Pestis) arrive London, England killing 75,000 to 100,000 people.  The actual numbers killed is not known as records of death among the poor were not kept.  The plague arrived from Amsterdasm, Netherlands where it was simmering since 1654.  The plague then spread from London to France.
The Great Fire of London lasted 4 days and destroyed 13,000 houses.  The fire however helped contain the plague.
In 1665 Father Antonios Gonzalis, a Spanish/Belgian traveller, reported 800 - 1000 slaves on sale in the Cairo market on a single day.
1666
A terrible bubonic plague struck London last year ending this year killing sixty eight thousand people and this year most of London is destroyed by fire including eighty seven churches, thirteen thousand homes (about 80% of the city) and a new law required they be rebuilt of brick and stone.
Punished by Louis XIV of France for being "Bohemians." (Gypsy).  Men are sent to the galleys. Women and girls are flogged, branded and banished.
1667
An earthquake at Shamakhi, Azerbaijan on the Caspian Sea resulted in 80 thousand deaths.
In May French troops invaded east into Franche-Comte and north into Spanish Netherlands.  King Louis XIV (1643-1715) of France is frustrated as the English and Swedes supported the Dutch.   Clement IX (1667-1669) Jesuit educated is elected pope.
1669
The Turks took Crete this year.
1670
Clement X alias Emilo Altieri (1670-1676) is elected pope.
The maximum glacier advances in the Alps occurred between 1670 to 1680 driving people from historic farming sites.  This is evidence to support the Little Ice Age (1550-1850) is global in nature.
1671
As early as 1671 three-quarters of all children born to Dutch East India Company slaves of South Africa were mixed blood.
1672
The Black Plague hit Naples Italy killing some four hundred thousand people.  King Louis XIV (1643-1715) a Bourbon of France again invaded the Netherlands having made arrangements to keep the English, Swedes and Germans out of the war that lasted to 1678.
The Royal African Company was given British Royal charter to engage in slave trading and other African trade.
1673
Parliament passed the Test Act that prevented any Catholic from holding public office.  This act is to prevent King Charles II (1660-1685) or any future King becoming Catholic.  The Whigs are afraid of an absolute monarchy and of the Catholic faith but still believed strongly in allowing religious freedom, they also wanted no standing army.  An opposing group nicknamed the Tories, an Irish name for thieves, upheld the authority of the Crown and the Church.  An Act is also passed forbidding any Catholic to be member of either the Commons or the Lords.
Pope Clement X (1670-1676) appealed to Protest King Charles XI of Sweden (1660-1697) to come to the aid of Poland that is under siege by the Turks.  Sweden declined to assist the Roman Church as did King Louis XIV (1643-1715) of France.  France is preparing for a holy war against Protestant Holland.  Spain and Emperor Leopold I (1658-1705) provided aid to the Dutch.  John Sobieski (1624-1696) with aid from the Vatican defeated the Turks at Dniester.
1674
King Louis XIV of France confiscated church property and diverted their income to support the holy war.  Pope Clement X complained so the King claimed unrestricted right to appoint all ecclesiastical offices and threatened violence.
1676
Innocent XI alias Benedetto Odescalchi (1676-1689) Jesuit educated is elected pope.  He attempted to outlaw nepotism but the cardinals refused to support his efforts.  His attempt to outlaw carnivals on moral grounds met with ridicule.
1679
King Louis XIV (1643-1715) began on the advice of his Jesuit confessor a campaign to eradicate Protestantism from French soil.  By 1684 nearly six hundred of eight hundred Huguenot churches are closed.
The Black Death or Bubonic Plague (Bacillus Yersinia Pestis) arrive Vienna, Austria killing 76,000 people between 1679-to early 1680's.

1680
Pope Innocent XI (1676-1689) is critical of the Jesuit philosophy that the ends justifies the means.  He issued the probabiliorism that if in doubt about the licitness of an action the opinion that seems more probable should be followed.
The Jesuit Tirso Gonzalez de Santalla of Salamanca turned against probabilism violating his own primary belief of papal support.
Six members of the court of Louis XIV (1643-1715) are arrested on suspicion of murder by poison and involvement in a cult of Satanists.  The mistress of the King is implicated.
1682
Louis XIV reiterates his previous policy: punishment for being "Bohemian." (Gypsy).   Men are sentenced to the galleys for life on the first offence. Women's heads are shaved and children are sent to the poor house. For a second offence, women are branded and banished.
1683
The Zheng forces were defeated by the Qing Dynasty on Formosa (Taiwan).  The island was considered "a balll of mud beyond the pace of civilization.  Until this date it was excluded from Imperial maps but this year it was added.
The Turks (Ottoman Empire) had occupied most of Hungary since 1526.  The Ottoman includes the Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhjtan and Kygtzstan speaking peoples.  Many Europeans do not consider Turkey as being European because they are mostly of Islam tradition.  Culturally modern Turkey is composed of Turks, Arabs, Jews, Greeks, Iranians, Armenians and Kurds.  Mustapha I the Turk with 250,000 men marched on Vienna, Austria.  Vienne vastly outnumbered refused to surrender.  A motley army of Austrians, Saxons, Bavarians and Poles under the command of John III (Sobieski) (1629-1696) King of Poland defeated the siegeing army at Vienna.  An alliance called the Holy League of the Empire that included Poland, Venice and Russia pressed the attack against the Turks.  By 1686 they won back Hungary and crossed the Danube and occupied Serbia in 1688.
A meter of ice is on the Thames River in London as a result of the Little Ice Age (1500-1800).
1684
January 11;  It's so cold in Switzerland that it was reported all communication wine was frozen.
1685
King Louis XIV (1643-1715) forbade Huguenots to exercise their faith, educate their children as Protestant and to leave France.  Half a million Huguenots had left France by this date and Prussia is actively recruiting these skilled Huguenots.  Many of these French Protestants escaped persecution and settled in Britain.  Many Nonconformist and Puritan escaped Persecution in Britain to settle in America.  Catholic families fled Britain and settled in Maryland for the same reasons.  The demolition of churches, kidnapping of children and the expulsion of Huguenots from strategic cities like Paris is most effective.  This year an estimated 200,000 Protestants departed France and this is considered King Louis XIV greatest error.
King Charles II (1660-1685) of England died and his brother James II (1685-1688) a catholic who is governor in Scotland became King of England.  James II the Catholic killed many Presbyterian men, women and children in Scotland, many remember this time as the killing time.  The Tories and Anglicans are delighted with their new king.  King James II tried to remove the anti Catholic laws and to bring the Catholic Church back to England and allow it to exist beside the Anglican Church but Parliament is angry including the Tories and Anglicans.  James tried to get rid of the Tory gentry who most strongly opposed him.  He removed three quarters of all Justice of the Peace replacing them with men of lower social class.
Portugal deports Gypsy (Roma) to Brasil, and makes it a crime to speak Romani.
The Island of Taiwan is ruled as a prefecture.
1686
Frederick William, elector of Brandenburg, decrees that Gypsy (Roma) are not to be allowed trade or shelter.

There is a sudden and radical change in the attitude of the Swedish Lutheran Church. Gypsy (Roma) are now accepted and their children may be christened
1687
Isaac Newton postulated that the earth was not round but flatter at the poles.  Science has proven that the difference is actually a significant 42 kilometers.  Since the last ice age the poles have been expanding as the heavy ice slowly melts and the earth springs back.  Scientists were alarmed from the results of the studies began in 1979 to 1998 when they discovered the equator is expanding, for no know reason.  It is humbling to realize how little we know about the dynamics of our world, such as global cooling, global heating, violent tipping of the earth axes, el nino, magnetic pole reversal etc.
1688
King James II (1685-1688) a catholic had a son that would perpetuate a Catholic King so Parliament looked for a way out and looked to the other succession of James's daughter, Mary.   Mary (1689-1694)is Protestant and married to the Protestant ruler of Holland, William III (1689-1694) of Orange.   They invited William of Orange to invade England who is already at war with France.  William entered London but the crown is offered only to Mary.  William said he would leave Britain unless he became King.  Parliament had no choice but to crown both Mary and William.  William reigned 1689-1702.  By this action England effectively became a Dutch colony until 1714.  King James II appealed to Rome for help but pope Innocent not pleased with his methods of imposing Roman Catholicism refused.
William Dampier of England landed on the northwest coast of Australia aka New South Wales.
1689
The price Parliament was willing to pay to avoid being dominated by the Roman Catholic Church would be another hundred year of war.  The English and French (Louis XIV) began their King William's War or the War of the League of Augsburg.
    1689-1697 King William's War, competing on nearly even terms overseas.
    1701-1713 Queen Anne's War, English received territories in America from France and slave trading rights from Spain.
    1743-1748 King George's War, no gains for either side.
    1756-1763 French and Indian War, India, West Indies and Canada lost to England.
    1775-1783 War of American Independence, England lost the United States.
    1792-1801 Wars of French Revolution, England took South Africa from the Dutch.
     1801-1815 Napoleonic Wars, Britannia rules the sea.
King James II (1685-1688) landed in Ireland with French support from King Louis XIV (1643-1715).  In Dublin a Catholic parliament immediately passed an act taking away all the property of Protestants in Ireland.  Thirty thousand Protestants locked themselves in the city of Londonderry.  King James II army encircled Derry as they called it for fifteen weeks when English ships arrived bringing fresh supplies and the struggle for Derry was over.  The battle cry of the Protestants, No Surrender' is still the battle cry of Ulster three hundred years later as the war continues.
William of Orange aka King Billy was helped to the throne by Pope Innocent XI alias Benedetto Odescalchi (1676-1689) a Jesuit who became Pope in 1676.  The Pope gave 8 million to secure his allegiance and to ensure Louis XIV of France didn't form any alliance against the Vatican.  It is noteworthy that the Vatican destroyed most records at the Vatican to ensure history didn't learn of the Pope's activities in revolutions.
Alexander VIII alias Pietro Ottoboni (1689-1691) born Venice is a Grand Inquisitor of Rome and is elected pope.
1690
King William III (1689-1694) landed in Ireland and defeated King James's (1685-1688) army at the River Boyne.  King James (1685-1688) left Ireland for France a few days later never to return.  The Irish Protestant parliament over the next fifty years passed laws to prevent Catholics from becoming members of parliament, becoming a lawyer, going to university, joining the navy of taking public posts.  Catholics are not allowed to own a horse valued over five pounds. Catholic schools are forbidden.  Sons who became Protestant could take over parents property and use it as he wanted.  Pope Alexander VIII (189-1691) condemned the Jesuit belief that denied the necessity of an explicit act of love for God after attainment of reason.  Also condemned is the Jesuit belief that no sin is involved if committed without knowledge or thought.  He also condemned 31 Jansenist propositions.
A dead Eskimo (Inuit), a seal hunter was washed ashore on the Orkney Islands still sealed into his kayak.  A few others over the years suffered the same fate.
1691
Innocent XII alias Antonio Pignatelli (1691-1700) Jesuit educated is elected pope.  In 1692 he issued a decree that popes should never grant estates, offices or revenues to relatives.  Only one relative should be eligible to become cardinal.  All the cardinals are forced to sign the decree.
1692
Venice, Italy offered amnesty to galley slaves serving sentences of up to 10 years, on condition they take up the popular European sport of Gypsy-hunting.
1693
November 1:  An earthquake of magnitude 7.5 hit Cantania, Sicily killing 60,000 people and 93,000 died in Naples, Italy.
1694
The Danes found the Virgin Islands ideal for growing sugar cane and took possession despite being claimed by Columbus in 1493.  Slaves were imported to toil the land and the brutal work the working life expectancy was only 3-5 years.  It was a barbaric era.  It is noteworthy that the petroglyphs on the Islands date back to 1200 A.D.
1695
Iceland glaciers are advancing dramatically during the period of 1695 to 1709.
1697
The defeat of the Turks and the Treaty of Karlowitz awarded to Austria; Hungary, Transylvania, Croatia and Slavonia.
1699
The old crusade against Islam and the Ottoman Empire is taken up by Austria and the Hapsburgs with support from the Poles, Venetians and Russians.  The Sultan of Turkey evacuated all Hungary and the country became part of Austria except for Banat.  Transylvania, Croatia and Slavonia also went to Austria, the region from around Bar to Poland, the Morea to Venice.
The birth rate fell and would remain lower in England than the rest of Europe, some believe it was because they married later in life, age twenty seven, and that women tried to control the size of their families, by breast feeding babies for as long as possible.  More men also remained unmarried that is unexplained.  In south Wales one in three of all heads of gentry families remained unmarried, a century earlier hardly any heads of gentry families in the area remained unmarried.
The head of the family had absolute power, his wife and children belonged to him, mind, body and soul.  Absolute obedience was expected, disobedience was considered an act against God as well as the head of the house.  Children were frequently beaten to break their sinful ways.  Wives lost their legal rights over whatever property they brought into the marriage.  Scottish women however were not afraid to stand up to both husbands and government, in fact many Scottish women were killed for their beliefs during the 'Killing Times' in Scotland, possibly the result of religious democracy in Scotland.
The Quakers were horrified at the sadism of child beatings by the English and instructed their members to love their children, correct them with affection, never strike in passion, and suit the corrections to their ages as well as their fault.
April 13:   The Khalsa Panth is founded by Shri Guru Gobind Singh Ji also known as the Brotherhood of the pure.  A religion of the Sikhs are followers of Sikhism that originated in the Punjab region of India.  They believe in one Supreme Being (God), the teachings of 10 Gurus are baptized and owe no allegiance to another religion.  The first among the 10 Gurus is Nanuk (1469-1539).   They attempt to dispel lust, anger, greed, attachment and ego.


1700
King Charles XII of Sweden invaded Narva, Russia and onward in 1709 to Poltava where he is finally stopped.  As a result Russia annexed Livonia, Eastonia, Ingria and part of Karelia from Sweden.  Sweden also ceded the bishoprics of Breman-Verden to Hanover, and Stettin and part of Swedish Pomerania to Prussia.  Sweden ceased to be a leading power.
With the death of the last Spanish Hapsburg King Charles II (1665-1700), King Louis XIV (1643-1715) of France threatened virtually to annex Spain.  If Spanish America and the Spanish Netherlands passed to France, the commercial position of England and Holland would be undermined.  The Hapsburgs of Austria King Leopold I (1658-1705) joined a coalition with England and Holland against Louis XIV (1643-1715) of France.  France however managed to place their Bourbon King Philip V (1700-1746) on the Spanish throne, but the Spanish Empire is divided.  Gibraltar and Minorca went to Britain, Sicily to Savoy and Naples, Milan and the Spanish Netherlands to Austria, except the Upper Gelderland, a small part of the Spanish Netherlands, went to Prussia.
Clement XI alias Giovanni Francesco Albani (1700-1721) is elected pope.
China takes Formosa.
This is a period of gradual decline in the precipitation, involving a process in which many regions become uninhabitable, leading up to the climatic and demographic conditions of modern times in the Sahara Region
1701
 So deep runs the fear of the Catholic Church that the Parliament of England passed the 'Act of Settlement' to make sure only a Protestant could inherit the crown.  Even today if a son or daughter of the monarch becomes a Catholic, he or she cannot inherit the throne.  The English law of Settlement did not apply to Scotland.  The British merchants in Canada would try to use this English law to prohibit the French from holding positions of power in the future.  It is noteworthy that the King can marry into another faith just not Catholic.  This law is still in effect by 2007 A.D.
The Spanish War of Succession (1701-1714) began between the Bourbon Philip of Anjou (Philip V) (1700-1746) and Habsburg duke Charles (Emperor Charles VI (1711-1740).
Religious persecution in France had driven an estimated ten thousand Huguenot hatters from France causing them to import hats from England.  Most French hatters had fled to London taking with them the secret of their art.  During the next forty years even the Roman cardinals are forced to obtain their hats in London.  The term mad as a hatter began because the mercury fumes inhaled in the process of making hats drove the practitioners of the art into early senility.
Adam Isbister is the first known Orcadian to be hired by the Hudson Bay Company.  The following season 12-14 new lusty young men from Orkney are recruited as servants under five year contracts.  It is noteworthy that Orkney tradition allows for trial marriages called Telltown marriages that could be dissolved the following year if it failed.  This may account for the abandonment of their Country wives when they departed Canada.
1702
Queen Anne's War (1702-1713) between Britain and France/Spain spreads to North America.
1703
December 30:  An earthquake kills 200,000 in Tokyo, Japan.  Others suggest the death toll was closer to 37,000 people at Genroku, Japan.
1705
King Leopold I (1658-1705) of Austria died being succeeded by King Joseph I (1705-1711).  The Jesuit Order is not allowed to expand in China.  The pope ruled that the Jesuits could not incorporate the cult of Confucius and ancestor worship based on the opposition of the Dominican order.  This prohibition led to the persecution of Chinese Christians and the closure of missions.  This ill-conceived doctrine would not be revoked until 1939 by Pope Pius XII.
William Bosman of London recorded that the English, French, Dutch and others follow the common practice of branding their black slaves like their cattle to ensure ownership.
Tunis throws off Turkish rule.
1707
Scotland and England are united into the United Kingdom of Great Britain, but kept its own separate legal and judicial system and its separate Church.
October 28:  Mount Fuji, Japan exploded, following a 8.4 earthquake, sending ash to Tokyo 70 miles away.  Tokaido/Nankaido were hit with a tsunami.  Fuji has erupted about 10 times since 781.  This 12,388 foot mountain became a point of pilgrimage.  The death toll was 30 thousand people.
1708
Pope Clement XI (1700-1721) condemned a Jensen work as based on a corrupt text of the New Testament.  Pasquier Quesnel (1634-1719) is the leader of the Jansen Church party.
1709
Emperor Joseph I (1705-1711) invaded the papal states conquering Naples and threatened Rome.
January 5:  Sudden extreme cold kill's 1,000's of Europeans and famine follows because of the bitter cold winter.  The Thames was frozen over and ports were frozen in.  Cattle, sheep and birds perished.  The harvest was thin and starvation visited France.
1710
Norway's glaciers are advancing at 328 feet (100 meters) per year from 1710 to 1735 as a result of the Little Ice Age (1550-1850).
In Prague, Joseph I issues an edict that all adult Gypsy (Roma) men will be hanged without trial and that boys and women be mutilated. In Bohemia, the left ear is to be cut off. In Moravia the right ear is to be cut off. Lodging or otherwise aiding Gypsy (Roma) is punishable by up to six months forced labor.
Prince Adolf Frederick of Mecklenburg-Strelitz issues orders that all Gypsy (Roma) can be flogged, branded, expelled, or executed if they return. Children under ten are to be removed and raised by Christian families.



1710- British Conquest of Acadia in 1710, the Acadians lived for almost 80 years in Acadia.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acadians



1711
The Black Plague struck the Holy Roman Empire killing five hundred thousand people.
Elector Frederick Augustus I of Saxony authorizes shooting of Gypsy (Roma) if they resist arrest.
France invades and captures Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
1712
Thomas Newcomen (1663–1729), using patents developed by Thomas Savery (1650?–1715), invented the first working steam engine and by 1778 more than seventy Newcomen engines were pumping away in the mines of Cornwall alone.  John Calley (d. 1725), also known as John Cawley was in partnership with Newcomen in 1705 to build the first prototype.
1713
Smallpox hit Iceland killing about 30% of the population.

By treaty of Utrecht France accepted limits on its expansion as well as a political settlement for Europe.  It accepted Queen Anne (1702-1714) instead of James's II son as the true monarch of Britain.  Britain had also won the rock of Gibraltar controlling the entrance to the Mediterranean.  Pope Clement XI (1700-1721) is ignored and Sardinia, Sicily, Parma and Piacenzia are disposed.  Sicily is assigned to Duke Victor Amadeus II of Savoy (1675-1730) including control over the church.  The pope issued a bull condemning the action but no one paid any attention.
1714
Queen Anne (1702-1714), the last of the Stuarts died.  Some Tories wanted King James's II son to return to Britain as James III however he would not renounce his Catholic religion.
The Austrian Hapsburg Empire included southern Italy, Sardinia, Hungary, Bohemia (Austria), eastern Milan, the Netherlands, Czechoslovakia and northwestern Romania.
The Turks declared war on Venice and Peloponnese fell into their hands.
British merchants and planters apply to the Privy Council to ship Gypsies to the Caribbean, avowedly to be used as slaves.

In Mainz, all Gypsy (Roma) are to be executed without trial on the grounds that their way of life is outlawed.
1715
The German King George I (1714-1727) of Hanover became King of England defeating the army of the son of King James II (1685-1688) that is called the Jacobites.  This effectively ended the House of Stuart and began the House of Hanoverian or Windsor.  Because of the Tory connection with the Jacobites King George I allowed the Whigs to form his government.  King George only spoke German and didn't seem interested in his new kingdom.
Louis XV reigned (1715-1774) as King of France.
Ten Gypsies in Scotland are recorded deported to Virginia in the Americas.
November 15; The Thames River froze.
1716
The Austro-Turkish War (1716-1718).
China bans Christian teachings.
The white slave trade is flourishing in Europe as 1,000 are captured and sold in Algiers, Tunis and Morocco.
1717
Pope Clement XI (1700-1721) equipped a Spanish fleet to fight the Turks but Cardinal Giulio Alberoni used it to wrest Sardinia from the Holy Roman Empire.
In Spain Gypsies who resisted assimilation were assigned to galleys or to work in mercury mines.  The army was instructed to hunt down Gypsy families living outside designated areas.  They were "authorized to fire upon them and deprive them of life."
1718
Austria reached its most southern limits by annexing most of Serbia and the western part of Wallachia, that it had to return to the Ottoman Empire in 1739.
1719
In France, sentencing for being Gypsy (Roma) is altered from the galleys to deportation to French colonies.
A snowstorm in Sweden kills 7,000.
1720
China takes Tibet.
June:  The Black Death or Bubonic Plague (Bacillus Yersinia Pestis) arrive Marseilles, France via ships rats, from Syria killing 100,000 people (1720-1722).  It killed 1/2 the city population in 3 months.  An interesting side fact is people who associated with horses never caught the plague because the fleas were repelled by the smell of horse.
1721
The Swedish Empire is diminished from the Baltic region, they are driven off the south shore of the Baltic Sea and are confined to Sweden proper and Finland.  Innocent XIII (1721-1724) Jesuit educated is elected pope.  He recognized James III as King of England and offered a bribe of 10,000 ducats if he re-established Roman Catholicism in Britain.  Pope Innocent XIII suppressed the Jesuit order forbade them to receive novices for disobedience in the ban of Chinese rites.
Emperor Karl VI of the Austro-Hungarian empire orders the extermination of Gypsy (Roma) throughout his domain.
Emperor Charles (VI) the so called Holy Roman Emperor (1625-1740) ordered the extermination of all adult Gypsy males, women and children were to have one ear cut off.
1722
Mir Mohamed of Afghanistan takes Persia.
Jacob Roggeveen a Dutch explorer became the first European to visit Easter Island.  He arrived Easter Sunday so named it Easter Island which is 63.2 square miles.  The locals now call it Rapa Hui.  The moai heads are erected on platforms called ahu.  Most moai were unfinished and never transported from the volcanic crater quarry on the eastern plain.  The largest standing moai is nearly 33 feet high and weighs 82 tons.
Some believe these early explorers caused the depopulation of Easter Island by the diseases they carried.  By 1774 only a few Rapanui survived when James Cook arrived.
1723
Shizong of China with a Reign Title of Yungzheng, Reigned (1723-1735) of the Qing Dynesty.
Austria was declared to be a single legal entity for the first time in history being composed of Czech, Slovaks, Slovenes and Magyars, the working language was German.  Astride their frontier were the Germans, Poles, Ruthenians, Rumanians, Serbs, Croats and Italians.
Gypsy (Roma) are prohibited from residence in the Lorraine, gathering in the woods or main roads. Punishment is banishment. Communities are encouraged "to gather, march in formation and open fire on them."
1724
Benedict XIII alias Pietro Francesco Orsini (1724-1730) a Dominican is elected pope by the French, Spanish and Habsburg factions.
All vagabonds and vagrants are prohibited by Louis XV of France from residence and nomadism and gathering of more than four adults in a house. Adult men are sentenced to the galleys for five years. All others are flogged and sent to the poor house.
1725
Frederick William I condemns any Gypsy (Roma) over eighteen caught in his Prussian territory, man or woman, to be hanged without trial.
1726
Charles VI passes a law that any Gypsy (Roma) found in the country are to be killed instantly. Gypsy (Romani) women and children are to have their ears cut off and whipped all the way to the border.
1727
An earthquake at Tabriz, Iran resulted in the death of 77 thousand people.
The Swiss noted that British have a high opinion of themselves and think nothing is as well done elsewhere as in their own country.
The English protestant dominated Ireland passine laws to penalise catholicism by removing the rights of the Irish Natives to vote, hold office, own or lease property, educate their children, or to take up a profession.  Using this law the English dominated landholdings, and would eventually force the Natives from the lands.
1728
The Scottish land chiefs no longer reckoned their wealth in fighting men and began to demand rents from their tackmen (tenants) whose main obligation had been to maintain the military strength of the clan and to act as officers.  Many tackmen emigrated or demanded rent from their sub-tenants making family holding even smaller and unable to support a family.  This arrangement forced many tenants off the land.  Isaac Watt in encouragement of charity schools insisted on useful employment, religious training, outplacement in country labors and domestic services.
The town council of Aachen passes an ordinance condemning Gypsy (Roma) to death. "Captured Gypsies, whether they resist or not, shall be put to death immediately. However, those seized who do not resort to counter-attack shall be granted no more than a half an hour to kneel, if they so wish, beg God almighty to forgive them their sins and to prepare themselves for death."
1730
Clement XII alias Lorenzo Corsini (1730-1740) is elected pope.
The British are dominating the slave trade a position they would hold until abolition in 1807.  Between 1690 to 1807 they transported an estimated 2.8 million slaves to the Americas.
Earthquake kills 137,000 in Hokkaido, Japan.
1731
An earthquake kills 100,000 in Beijing, China.
1732
Prussia under Frederick William I (1713-1740) succeeded in attracting most of the Protestants evicted by the Bishop of Salzburg.
1733
France formed an alliance with Spain and England feared this would adversely affect future trade.  Emperor Charles VI (1711-1740) asserted authority over Parma and Piacenza usually a feudal state of the Holy See.
1734
The Russians issued a decree against the Ikonobors, whose beliefs are similar to those of the Raskolniki and later the Doukhbours who represent the traditionalist of the Russian Orthodox Church.
Frederick William I decrees that any Gypsy (Roma) caught in his territory, man or woman, will be hanged without trial. A reward is offered.
Famine hit Japan resulting in 3 million starving to death.
Turkish-Persian War (1734-1735).
1736
Gaozong of China with a Reign Title of Qianlong, Reigned (1736-1795) of the Qing Dynesty.
Spain and Naples broke diplomatic relations with the Vatican.
1737
June 2:  Pope Paul III banned the enslavement of Indians in the New World.
October 5:  An earthquake kills 300,000 in Calcutta, India.  This appears to be incorrect it was a cyclone and the number of killed appears to be inflated.

1738
Pope Benedict XIV (1740-1758) had prepared the first condemnation of Freemasonry as being naturalistic demand for secret oaths, religious indifferentism and as a possible threat to church and state.
John Wesley (1703-1791) founded the Methodist Church of London after his 1738 conversion to Christianity. They claimed 130,000 members by his death in 1791.
France introduced forced labour.
1739
The North American potato is introduced to Scotland greatly improving the productivity of agriculture to accommodate the rapidly growing population.
1740
Austria during the reign of Maria Theresa (1740-1780), Queen of Bohemia (Austria) and Hungary, Archduchess of Austria, etc. comprised the following languages, German, Magyar, Polish, Italian, Czech, Slovakian, Slovenian, Serbo-Croatian, Romanian, Flemish and French.  Pope Benedict XIV recognized both Maria Theresa and Charles Albert of Bavaria (1742-1745) as Emperor.  The war of Austrian Succession (1740-1748) or as the Germans called it the Silesian War commenced this year following the death of Emperor Charles VI.  Prussia acquired the province of Silestra.
Benedict XIV alias Lorenzo Lambertini (1740-1758) is elected pope.
Sometime during the `1740's physicians began practicing circumcision of males as a preventative measure for syphilitic sores often found on the foreskin.
1741
Pope Benedict XIV (1740-1758) denounced the trading activities of the Jesuit order especially in New France.  Pombal minister in Portugal accused the Jesuit Order of attempted assassination of the King of Portugal and all Jesuits are deported in 1759.
December 20:  The Pope ordered a more humane treatment of the Indians of South America.  He ordered the Indians are not to be deprived of liberty or their possessions.
1742
A skull of an European woman is found at Wellington, New Zealand and is carbon 14 dated to this date.
July 11:  A papal decree was issued condemning the disciplining actions of the Jesuits in China.  The Jesuits were known for the spare the rod, spoil the rod philosophy that they employed world wide, which was sadistic in nature.
August 29:  Empress Elisabeth ordered the expulsion of all Jews from Russia.
1743
England was at war with France until 1748 concerning control of the Austrian Empire.
1744
Pope Benedict XIV (1740-1758) extended the Chinese ritual ban to include Malabar rites in India.
1745
King James II's (1685-1688) grandson Bonny Prince Charlie landed on the west coast of Scotland and raised a Highland army.  The army took Edinburgh defeating the English they marched south on London.  The assumption was that some English would join the attack and when they didn't the army turned back to Scotland.
Gypsy (Gitanos) in Spain must settle in assigned places within two weeks. The punishment for failure is execution. "It is legal to fire upon them to take their life." The Churches no longer provide asylum. Armed troops are ordered to comb the countryside.
1746
The British army defeated Bonny Prince Charles army at Culloden, near Inverness.  Many Highlanders were killed even those who had not joined in the uprising.  Their homes were destroyed and the animals killed.  Laws were passed forbidding Highlanders to use bagpipe or wear kilt.  Some did not obey the law and are shot.  Some are sent to work in Canada.  In Edinburgh, Scotland the kilt and tartan are forbidden until 1782 and very few of the tartans is worn after this time except for fancy dress.  Many historians date the beginning of Great Scottish Land Clearances from this time.  What followed was an attempt to destroy a culture by driving the Highlanders off the land.  It is ironic that many of these same peoples who were cleared from their lands would become agents of the British Empire and did the same thing to native peoples in other places.
1747
Afghanistan becomes independent of Persia.
1748
During 1748 to 1750 the Norwegian glaciers achieved their historic maximum for the Little Ice Age (1550-1850).
Pompeii is discovered.
1749
The year of the "Great Gypsy Round-up" in Spain. Gitanos are separated from "the bad and the good" through inquiries and witnesses reports. For the "bad," punishment is forced public works. Escapees are hanged. Motherless girls are sent to poor houses or into service for "honest" people. Older girls and wives of sentenced men with children under seven are "educated in Christian doctrine and the holy fear of God" and sent to factories.


1750-1900; England takes over India.
By 1750, England defeats Holland-France-Italy-Portugal Roman territorial occupation of India and India's Silk-Road-China routes once restricted to Europeans by Turks.
5 main Asian Trade Origins exploited by Europeans;
1- India; textiles, black pepper spice, Tea from China is introduced to India by Europeans, Opium from India exported to China, India acted as the central port representing trade between China and Europe.

2-China; silk, porcelain, tea

3-Indonesia's Moluccan Islands; Spices (Nutmeg, Cloves, Mace)

4-Indonesia's Java Island; Coffee, Tea
5- Ceylon; Cinnamon, Pearls, Elephants for India, Tea for India
Sri Lanka by the Portuguese when they arrived in 1505, was transliterated into English as Ceylon
British Ceylon (Sinhala: බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය ලංකාව Britanya Lankava), known contemporaneously asCeylon, was a British Crown colony between 1815 and 1948.Sri Lanka has a documented history that spans over 3000 years.[8] Its geographic location and deep harbours made it of great strategic importance from the time of the ancient Silk Road[9] through to World War II.[10]

1750
Castle Salzburg in Austria is occupied by 347 soldiers of which only 7 are baptized Catholics suggesting the Catholic Church had finally lost control after more than six hundred years of rule.
The use of Welsh names had almost disappeared.  Many Welsh people accepted wrong English ways of pronouncing their names.  Others took their fathers first name and 'ap' meaning son of; 'ap' Richard (Pritchard) 'ap' Robert (Probert) 'ap' Hywel (Powell) and 'ap' Hugh (Pugh).  Others who had not used 'ap' were known as Williams, Thomas, Davies, Hughes and so on.
Jean Jacques Rousseau (b-1712) wrote essentially that man is born innately good and had been corrupted by the advances of European culture.  This is contrary to Roman Catholic teachings and would eventually lead him into censure by the Church.  De Voltaire (Francois Marie Arouet) (1694-1778) wrote more forcefully saying work hard, criticize nonsense, tolerate your brothers, hate persecutors, unmask the tellers of religious lies.
Khurasan was renamed Afaghanistan.


Incidents leading up to the French and Indian War, 1753–54

The French and Indian War, the North American phase of the larger Seven Years’ War, began after a series of incidents in the upper Ohio River valley, which the French and British governments both claimed as their territory. Military forces assembled by both imperial powers built and attempted to capture each others’ forts in the region. These skirmishes, and particularly an expedition led by George Washington, ultimately led to the escalation of a wider, full-scale war between Great Britain and France.
Wanting to limit British influence along their frontier, the French built a string of forts from Lake Erietowards the forks of the Ohio (present-day Pittsburgh).




1753
Lisbon, Portugal is destroyed by earthquake and tidal wave.  Some suggest it was 1755.  The ministers in Boston proclaimed it was punishment for the sacrilege of using lightning rods invented in 1753 to avert the wrath of God.



1754-Further south, George Washington, accompanied by Tanaghrisson, surprised an encampment of French soldiers in southwestern Pennsylvania on May 24, 1754. A brief fight ensued, and afterwards the wounded French leader, ensign Joseph de Jumonville, attempted to explain through translators that the French expedition was on a peaceful mission to warn British forces about their incursions into French-claimed territory. Although accounts of the incident differ, it seems that Tanaghrisson, who bore an intense personal hatred of the French stemming from earlier war experiences, intervened in the negotiations and killed Jumonville. Expecting further French incursions, Washington then hastily constructed a fort and prepared to defend his forces, but a combined French and Indian force forced his surrender on July 3.
The French and Indian War resulted from ongoing frontier tensions in North America as both French and British imperial officials and colonists sought to extend each country’s sphere of influence in frontier regions. In North America, the war pitted France, French colonists, and their Native allies against Great Britain, the Anglo-American colonists and the Iroquois Confederacy, which controlled most of upstate New York and parts of northern Pennsylvania. In 1753, prior to the outbreak of hostilities, Great Britain controlled the 13 colonies up to the Appalachian Mountains, but beyond lay New France, a very large, sparsely settled colony that stretched from Louisiana through the Mississippi Valley and Great Lakes to Canada. (See Incidents Leading up to the French and Indian War and Albany Plan)
The war in North America settled into a stalemate for the next several years, while in Europe the French scored an important naval victory and captured the British possession of Minorca in the Mediterranean in 1756. However, after 1757 the war began to turn in favor of Great Britain. British forces defeated French forces in India, and in 1759 British armies invaded and conquered Canada.
Facing defeat in North America and a tenuous position in Europe, the French Government attempted to engage the British in peace negotiations, but British minister William Pitt (the elder), Secretary for Southern Affairs, sought not only the French cession of Canada but also commercial concessions that the French Government found unacceptable. After these negotiations failed, Spanish King Charles III offered to come to the aid of his cousin, French King Louis XV, and their representatives signed an alliance known as the Family Compact on August 15, 1761. The terms of the agreement stated that Spain would declare war on Great Britain if the war did not end before May 1, 1762. Originally intended to pressure the British into a peace agreement, the Family Compact ultimately reinvigorated the French will to continue the war, and caused the British Government to declare war on Spain on January 4, 1762 after bitter infighting between King George III’s ministers.
Despite facing such a formidable alliance, British naval strength and Spanish ineffectiveness led to British success. British forces seized French Caribbean islands, Spanish Cuba, and the Philippines. Fighting in Europe ended after a failed Spanish invasion of British ally Portugal. By 1763, French and Spanish diplomats began to seek peace. In the resulting Treaty of Paris (1763), Great Britain secured significant territorial gains, including all French territory east of the Mississippi river, as well as Spanish Florida, although the treaty returned Cuba to Spain.





1755
An earthquake at Lisbon, Portugal and the resulting tsunami killed 100 thousand people in Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Ireland and Cornwall, United Kingdom..
The Eastern Orthodox Church denies the Western Roman Churches sacraments.
A directory of brothels and prostitutes is published for Edinburgh, Scotland aka Eiden's Fort sub city which is below the surface city.
1756
War again broke out between England and France (Seven Years War 1756-1763).  England let Prussia do most of the fighting in Europe.  England directed their efforts at destroying French trade by stopping ships reaching or leaving French ports.  The war against French trade was conducted worldwide, truly the first world war, in Canada, Spain, France, and India.  English had little respect for the American Indian People even those who supported them against the French.
Theodor Lilienthal advocated 'Continental Drift' aka 'Plate Tectonics' this year.
1757
The various religious groups have been fighting over the ownership of the Church of the Holy Sepulchral in Jerusalem for centuries.  To resolve this dispute an inventory was taken, and documented for every chapel, lamp and flagstone and assigned to each faction.  This did not stop the fighting as it continues into the 22nd century.  You will known they are Christian by their actions.
1758
The Church ban on the works of Nicholas Copernicus (1473-1513) is lifted this year officially recognizing that the 2,700 year belief that the Earth is the center of the universe is in error.  Pope Benedict XIV (1740-1758) ordered Cardinal Saldanha, patriarch of Portugal to investigate the Jesuit Order on charges of neglect of its own rules and that they are engaging in trade.
Clement XIII alias Carlo della Torre Rezzonico (1758-1769) a Jesuit student is elected pope.  The Jesuit party wanted a pope who is not anti-Jesuit.  The pope’s secretary of state is the pro-Jesuit Lauigi Torrigiano.  Portugal violently reacted to the Vatican election by charging the Jesuits of illegal trading, inciting revolts in Paraguay and complicity in a plot to murder the king.  The minister Pombal sequestered all Jesuit assets in Portugal and her colonies and deported its members to the Papal States in 1759.
1759
Pope Clement XIII protested in vain the expulsion of the Jesuit and his nuncio is expelled and diplomatic relations ruptured for a decade.  France also held a deep-seated hostility to the Jesuits and also seized their assets.
The Jesuits are also expelled from Portugal this year.  Never has a religious order been so hated in the history of the Church.
The Jesuits began their campaign in Hungary to persecute the Hetterite Colonies.
Gypsy (Roma) are banned from Saint Petersburg, Russia
England blockades the French seaports preventing France from reinforcing its troops in America.  Bristol England Ladies Charity School rules required children at age five years be set to spinning and other such proper and beneficial works.
1760
In England, Catholics and Jews are not allowed into Parliament and women are considered only children of larger growth.  A man of sense only plays with them, he neither tells them about, nor trusts them, with serious matters.  King George III (1760-1820) came to the throne.  De Voltaire (Francois Marie Arouet) (1694-1778) would write 'when I see Christians cursing Jews, I see children beating their fathers.'
Ten million East Indians parish as a result of the Great Bengal famine.
1761
A formal proclamation from the British throne confirmed the principle that no governor of any colony shall presume to alienate Indian Lands or give them to settlers.
1762
Great sheep farms are introduced to the Highlands of Scotland creating much unemployment driving the people to towns or across the Atlantic.  Immigration is also from the Lowlands at this time.  The Highland Chiefs, no longer recording their wealth in fighting men, began to demand rents from their principle tenants, the tackmen.  Many tackmen emigrated, those who remained demanded rent from their sub-tenants.
1763
King George III (1760-1820) made peace with France without informing King Frederick II (1740-1786) of Prussia leaving them to fight France alone.  The Treaty of Paris clearly established the principle that the French had no right to give away Indian property, by treaty or otherwise.  A mandate from the crown of England made it clear that possession of Indian Lands is to be acquired by fair purchase and then by governments and not individuals.
The Jesuits began their campaign in Transylvania to persecute the Hetterite Colonies.




1763-
Treaty of Paris, 1763

The Treaty of Paris of 1763 ended the French and Indian War/Seven Years’ War between Great Britain and France, as well as their respective allies. In the terms of the treaty, France gave up all its territories in mainland North America, effectively ending any foreign military threat to the British colonies there.



1764
France under King Louis XV (1715-1774) accused the Society of Jesus (Jesuit) with subversion and by decree all Jesuit foundations and schools in France are closed and its members exiled from the kingdom.
All vagabonds and vagrants are denied residence in France with renewed legislation. Adult men are sentenced to the galleys for three years. All others are confined to the poor house for three years, and are then given a choice of domicile and a trade. Repeated offences by men result in the galleys for nine years, and in several repeat offences, in perpetuity.
1765
Pope Clement XIII issued a bull reaffirming Roman support for the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) applauding its achievements but it had no effect.  The attack on the corrupt Jesuit Order only expanded.
1766
Sweden forbids book censorship in defiance of the Roman Catholic Church..
1767
The Jesuits began continued their campaign to persecute the Hetterite Colonies until the last community of 67 souls from Creutz escaped over the Carpathian Mountains to Wallachia, Rumania, this year.  The Jesuits were preparing plans to take the Hutterite children into orphanages to receive Catholic education.
Spain under King Charles II (1665-1700) expelled the Jesuit from all his realms, asking the Pope Clement XIII (1758-1769) to suppress the order entirely.  Naples and Sicily also expelled the Jesuit seizing their property.
1768
Parma expelled the Jesuit Order from their territory this year.  France occupied the papal enclaves of Avignon and Venaisson, Naples those of Benevento and Pontecorvo.  The underlay problem is that the Pope and the Jesuit Order should keep to purely spiritual matters.  Pope Clement XIII refused to back down on what he considered Catholic dogma of church over state and suffered a stroke and died.  Some believed that God struck him down for his and the Jesuit arrogance.
British Slaves did not expect to live long, and twenty per cent died on the voyage to the New World.  Between 1712 and
1768 two hundred thousand slaves were sent to Barbados but during this period the population only increased by twenty six thousand.
Captain James Cook (1728-1779) is sent to the Pacific to verify the reported French discovery of many Islands.  In the ship Endeavour of 105 feet with a breath of 29 feet began to re-charted New Zealand and Eastern Australia.  Cook used the Dauphin map of 1536 showing Australia as being owned by the First Lord of the British Admiralty.  Dr. Joseph Banks brought this map.  Cook also had the Jean Rotz chart also showing Australia.  The Chinese from 1405 to 1433 made many trips to the Pacific Islands including New Zealand and Australia with 63 flag ships of 500 foot length and 200 foot width.  They charted the whole region and some of these charts made their way to Europe.  A skull of an European woman is found at Wellington, New Zealand and carbon dated to 1742 confirming earlier visits by Europeans.  It is noteworthy that when Cook encountered the Polynesia sailors (wayfinding explorers), he remarked that their vessels could travel faster than his ship.
1769
The Bengal famine including Bihar & Orissa, India resulted in 15 million deaths between 1769-1771.
Clement XIV alias Giovanni Vincenzo (1769-1774) a Franciscan is elected pope.  He was regarded as a friend of the Jesuit but now distanced himself from the order stating that suppression of the order is canonically possible.  The stormy conclave is dominated by political maneuvering.  The Bourbon party demanded a pope who would suppress the (Jesuit) Society of Jesus and threatened to veto a pro-Jesuit candidate.  The Catholic powers made it very clear they expected nothing less than the abolition of the Jesuit Order.  The pope appointed Cardinal Pallavicini and advised both Louis XV of France and Charles III of Spain a speedy liquidation of the Jesuit question.
Napoleon I (1769-1821) is born Corsica having been bought by King Louis XV (1715-1774) two years previously from Italy.  Some suggest he symbolize the first major antichrist, Hitler being the second as foretold by prophecy.  He would mobilize the Grand Army of 700,000 men from every nation to do butchery to Europe.  Others contend the papacy itself represents the anti-Christ.
Clement XIV (1769-1774) is elected pope.




1770
Most of the worst laws against Irish Catholics had been removed but in Ulster the Protestants formed the first Orange Lodges, a society which were against any freedom for the Catholics.  This movement would follow the migrating Irish into Canada causing much injustice to the Metis and other Native peoples.
It is believed that more than 500 tribes of Australian Aboriginals occupied the continent at this time.



1770-The navigator James Cook claimed the east coast of Australia for Britain in 1770, without conducting negotiations with the existing inhabitants.
According to the historian Geoffrey Blainey(Blaney Name Meaning: Irish (of Welsh origin): topographic name from Welsh blaenau, plural of blaen 'point', 'tip', 'end', i.e. uplands, or remote region/
Blainey
Today in the 20th century this is often regarded as being an Irish and Ulster surname, which is partially true, the name has certainly been recorded in Ireland since the 16th century, but in reality it is of pre 7th century a.d.Olde English or Welsh locational origins. Recorded in the spellings of Blaynee, Blaney, Blayney, Blainy, and Blainey, the name probably originates from one of the three villages called Blainey in the Welsh Marches region of Monmouth and Brecon. The name means either the black hill or possibly the black woods, but this is not certain. In Ireland Sir Edward Blayney settled in County Monaghan in the year 1598, and for several centuries the name was quite popular in that region, giving their name to a village called Castleblayney.

Read more: http://www.surnamedb.com/Surname/Blainey#ixzz2jpiwTgTk,), in Australia during the colonial period: "In a thousand isolated places there were occasional shootings and spearings. Even worse, smallpox, measles, influenza and other new diseases swept from one Aboriginal camp to another ... The main conqueror of Aborigines was to be disease and its ally, demoralisation".[37]

1771
The Black Death or Bubonic Plague (Bacillus Yersinia Pestis) arrive Moscow, Russia killing 200,000 people.  The people rioted against quarantine efforts causing the disease to spread.
April 24:  It is believed a submarine earthquake in the Ryukyu Trench near Japan might have caused the tsunamis that killed 13, 486 people.
1772
Poland is partitioned by Prussia, Russia and Austria and Pope Clement XIV (1769-1774) is powerless to prevent it due to the Jesuit issue.  The pope abandoned the traditional support for the exiled Stuarts.
Lord Mansfield, the Lord Justice, reluctantly ruled on June 22, 1772 that there was no positive support for slavery in English law.
Captain James Cook (1728-1779) is sent to Antarctica to confirm its existence as recorded on ancient maps.  It is assumed this knowledge is as a result of the Chinese expeditions of 1405-1433.  Cook failed on this mission but could assume that if it existed it would be a frozen land.
1773
The Bourbon states are preparing for a complete break with Rome over the Jesuit schism.  Empress Maria Theresa (1740-1780) hitherto pro-Jesuit declared her neutrality on the issue.  Under threat of war by France, Spain and the Two Sicily's the Pope Clement XIV (1769-1774) abolished the Jesuit order for its inability to fulfill its objectives and the twenty three thousand members to refuge where they could mostly in Prussia and Russia.  The Jesuit Catholic School System is seriously disrupted.  France returned Avignon and Venaissin to the holy see and Naples returned Benevento and Pontecorvo but with humiliating conditions.
December:   Maria Theresa, Empress of Hungary, orders all Gypsy (Romani) children over five in the Palatinate of Pressburg and at Fahlendorf to be taken from their parents. They are transported to distant villages and assigned to peasants to bring them up for a stipend of 12-18 florins a year. Most of the children run away to rejoin their families, who take refuge in the mountains or disappear in the plains.
1774
Louis XV reigned (1715-1774) as King of France yielding to his grandson Louis XVI (1774-1792) who is considered weak, irresolute and awkward.
1775
Pius VI alias Giovanni Angelo Braschi (1775-1799) is elected pope.  The pro-Jesuit and anti-Jesuit parties both supported his election.  He revived nepotism assigning substantial allowances to his relatives.  Sir William Blackstone said to deny the existence of witchcraft and sorcery is to contradict the revealed word of God.
James Watt improved the steam engine invented by Thomas Newcomen (1663–1729), using patents developed by Thomas Savery (1650?–1715), and  John Calley (d. 1725), also known as John Cawley was in partnership with Newcomen in 1705 to build the first prototype.  Matthew Boulton (1728–1809), owner of the Soho Engineering Works at Birmingham, and he and Watt began the manufacture of steam engines this year.
This year marked the last known death of an accused witch in Europe.  It is estimated that 100,000 witches were executed in Germany from the thirteen century and 30,000 were executed in France just during the reign of Henry III in the late sixteen century.
January 11:  Nine old women were burned as witches for causing bad harvests in Kalisk, Poland.
November 1:  A tsunami with (6 M) 20 foot waves struck Portugal, Spain and Morocco.



1776-USA gain Independence from Britain.
 The U.S. Continental Congress endorsed Thomas Jefferson’s Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776, and, with it, the conflict with Britain became a full-fledged War of Independence.
Unable to defeat the strong British military on their own, the American colonists required foreign assistance.John Adams approached the French with the “Model Treaty” that protected neutral trade and shipping rights in the event of a war. The French decision to sign this commercial treaty with the American colonists made them an ally in the war against Britain.
In 1778, the French formally established their position as an ally with a treaty of alliance that committed the French to the war on the condition that the Americans did not seek a separate peace with Britain. Following the British surrender at the Battle of Yorktown, however, the Americans negotiated independently despite their agreement with France. Ultimately, the French reacted mildly out of concern for their own position with regard to Britain and Spain. The final treaty granted full independence and recognized the borders of the newUnited States of America.
http://history.state.gov/milestones/1776-1783


1780
British Parliament passed the Catholic Relief Act, abolishing anti-Catholic legislation and Lord George Gordon led a mob of several thousand Protestant demonstrators against the government resulting in a riot, Catholic Churches are burned, a total of thirty six separate fires are reported.
Serfdom is abolished in Bohemia and Hungary this year.
Sheep were introduced to Ireland from Scotland.
A four year war between England and the Dutch started this year.
Catherine II of Russia (1762-1796) provided refuge for the Jesuits even setting up a novitiate defying Papal Orders.
North African Muslim pirates abducted and enslaved more than 1 million Europeans between 1530 and 1780.  These white Christians were seized in a series of raids which depopulated coastal towns from Sicily to Cornwall.  Thousands of white Christians in coastal areas were seized every year to work as galley slaves, labourers and concubines for Muslim slave masters in what is today Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria and Libya.  Villages and towns on the coast of Italy, Spain, Portugal and France were the hardest hit, but the Muslim slave raiders also seized people as far a field as Britain, Ireland and Iceland.

1781
Joseph II (1765-1790) influenced by the Febronianism and the Enlightenment movements set up the Josephinism system involving complete religious toleration.  It advocated restriction of papal intervention to the spiritual sphere and the subjection in all respects of Church to State.  The Toleration Edict suppressed certain religious orders and transferred monasteries from the jurisdiction of the pope to that of the diocesan bishops.  The backlash created by the Jesuits spread throughout Europe.  Grand Duke Leopold II (Emperor 1790-17912) laid plans to make the church independent of the pope.
Some suggest the last execution of the Spanish Inquisition occurred this year.
1782
In violation of the 1773 agreement Pope Pius VI (1775-1799) put pressure on Frederick II (1740-1786) of Prussia and Catherine II (1762-1796) of Russia to accommodate the Jesuit fugitives.  He failed to persuade Catherine not to allow the Jesuit to initiate novices.
The Lord Justice of Britain Lord Mansfield ruled that slaves were legal jettison.  This in support of 132 Negroes being thrown alive into the sea, from on board an English Slave ship called Zong.  Luke Collingwood was master and James Kelsal first mate.



1783- USA started territorial acquisition
http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1049.html

1783
Former colonies
892,135
Treaty of Paris of 1783 following military victory









1783
An earthquake at Calabria, Italy resulted in 50 thousand deaths.
Pope Pius VI (1775-1799) in violation of the 1773 agreement secretly approved the continued existence of the Jesuit Order in Russia.
Spanish legislation reiterates previous orders. Gypsy (Gitano) dress, way of life, language is forbidden, and settlement is compulsory within ninety days. The name Gypsy (Gitano) is forbidden and is to be removed from all official documents. Restrictions on trade and place of residence of Gypsy (Gitanos) is lifted. Punishment for failure to observe restrictions is branding. Repeat offenders are sentenced to "death, with no appeal."
A period of decline in Iceland, with disease, famine and a volcanic eruption in June 1783 reducing the impoverished population from 50,000 to 35,000.  The Iceland Laki volcanic eruption caused a drop in world wide temperatures.  Temperatures in eastern U.S.A. in 1783-84 dropped 4.8°C below the 225 year average.  Europe also experienced an abnormally severe winter.  This was the largest lava flow, 14 cubic kilometers, since the 935-940 eruption in Iceland of 19,6 cubic kilometers..
An extraordinary dry fog extended over Europe and parts of Asia.
An earthquake hit Reggio De Cacabre, in southern Italy killing 50,000 people.

1785
A Russian Government order first used the word Doukhobor to describe 90 people deported to Finland for their religious views against militarism.  This is the same Russian Orthodox sect that would flee to Canada.
During the period of (1506-1785) a period of 279 years, Italy issued a total of 147 anti-Gypsy bans were passed.
1786
Pope Pius VI (1775-1799) attempted to establish a miniatures at Munich and is defiantly informed by the German Archbishop that the bishops control the German Church and did not need papal intervention.  The synod of Pistoia led by Bishop Scipio de Ricci exempted bishops from the pope’s authority.  Scipio is forced to resign in 1794.
1786
The 'Tracts Upon the Slave Trade' argued that Scriptural researches indicated that Africans were designed to be slaves in conformity with the principles of natural and revealed religion, delivered in the sacred writing of the 'Word of God'.
1787
On Sunday 28 October 1787, William Wilberforce wrote in his diary:  "God Almighty has set before me two great objects, the suppression of the slave trade and the Reformation of society." For the rest of his life, William Wilberforce dedicated his life as a Member of Parliament to opposing the slave trade and working for the abolition of slavery throughout the British Empire.
1788
New South Wales (Australia) became a penal colony for Britain.  It is estimated that 161,000 English, Irish and other convicts were forced to settle there.   Prison transport ended in 1868.
George Duffon (1707-1788) in his works Historie Naturelle advocated 'Continental Drift' aka 'Plate Tectonics' vs. 'Solid State theory' as believed by church and state until the 1960's.
January  The first fleet of 11 ships arrived Australia with 1,487 people of which 778 were male and female convicts, mostly petty thieves.  The last convict arrived 1868.  Later generations of mothers and grandmothers reacted in horror if even asked if convicts were in the family.  The Rock aka Sydney, Australia was the first penal colony.
1789
(I)-John George Thomas alias Thomas Thomas born 1766, Andrews, Holborn, London, England sailed for York Factory 1789 in the employ of the Hudson Bay Company.
The Reform Burgesses of Aberdeen, Scotland and others spoke of reform, the Rights of Man and everywhere there is unrest, economic distress, and hope that slavery would be abolished.  The Scottish Chiefs treated the Clan lands as if it is their own, enclosing it and for the next sixty years forced thousands of Highlanders off their land.  Many went to Canada to begin a new life.  Others were forced into the cities and poverty.  The Royal Navy periodically over the next twenty years sent press-gangs to Orkney to force them into her service.  Many Orkney rushed to the Hudson Bay Company service to avoid this indenture system.
Smallpox was introduced to Australia and caused devastation among the aborigines.
John Williams an Englishman developed the concept of peak coal which later led to the term peak oil.


1790- Australia; The decision to settle was taken when it seemed the outbreak of civil war in the Netherlands might precipitate a war in which Britain would be again confronted with the alliance of the three naval Powers, France, Holland and Spain, which had brought her to defeat in 1783. Under these circumstances, the strategic advantages of a colony in New South Wales described in James Matra's proposal were attractive.[107] Matra wrote that such a settlement could facilitate attacks upon the Spanish in South America and the Philippines, and against the Dutch East Indies.[108] In 1790, during the Nootka Crisis, plans were made for naval expeditions against Spain's possessions in the Americas and the Philippines, in which New South Wales was assigned the role of a base for "refreshment, communication and retreat". On subsequent occasions into the early 19th century when war threatened or broke out between Britain and Spain, these plans were revived and only the short length of the period of hostilities in each case prevented them from being put into effect.[109]









1790
About this time, an (I)-McDougall born Arasack, Scotland, father of (II)-Donald McDougall, born 1818, sailed for Acadia and settled in Malignant Cove, Nova Scotia.  The French Constitution declared the dissolution of the clergy and all ecclesiastical orders.  The French Church clergy became salaried officials.

1791: Persecution of Catholicism begins in Korean Territories due to uninvited-unwelcome number of Catholic-Europeans occupy Korean Territories.


1791
Pope Pius VI (1775-1799) condemned the French demand for clergy to give an oath of loyalty.  He denounced the French Constitution as schismatically, ordination of new bishops sacrilegious and suspended priests and prelates who had taken the loyalty oath.  The pope also condemned the Declaration of the Rights of Man issued in 1789.  France immediately annexed the papal states of Avignon and Venaisson.  The French Church is completely split.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791) long believed murdered by poisoning has been recently studied suggesting he died from a streptococcal infection.
1792
Mount Unzen eruption southwest Kyushu, Japan erupts and resulting tsunami kills 15 thousand people.
Swedish King Gustavus III (1746-1792) is assassinated by his nobles.
Denmark becomes the first European country to abandon the practice of slave trading.
Plague kills 800,000 people in Egypt.
Cannibalism follows what they call 'the Skull Famine' in India.
The guillotine named after Joseph Ignace Guillotin, a French doctor and member of the Revolutionary National Assembly was first used in France this year to execute a highwayman.
April 20:  France declared war on Austria, Prussia and Sardina, marking the start of the French revolutionary war.
May 18:  Russia invades Poland.

1793
King Louis XVI (1774-1792) of France is guillotined.  France headed by Napoleon I (1804-1814) invaded the Low Country (Belgium and Holland) and England went to war.  Most of Europe fell under Napoleon's control.  The citizens of Nantes, France declared a Central Assembly of Resistance to Oppression.  The National Convention soon broke their counter revolutionary activity and guillotined over 1,000 citizens.  About 100 priests are tied face to face naked, placed in boats that are rowed to the middle of the river Loire and scuttled.  December 5 another 58 priests are gathered with the crowd saying, "fling all those buggers in the water."  Some say the total victims are 4,800 people.  Monaco is annexed to France having been independent for over 800 years.  The French Revolutionary government forbids the worship of God.  A French cult of the Supreme Being proclaimed the existence of the Supreme Being and the immorality of the soul.  They called on the French to celebrate nature, liberty and equality including the paternal as well as maternal view of the world.  It is noteworthy that Nantes, France during the 18th and 19th centuries originated 1,800 expeditions in the slave trade.
A Japanese volcano erupts killing 53,000 people.
February 1:  France declared war on Britain and the Netherlands.
April 1:  The volcano Unsen in Japan erupted killing about 53,000 people.
November 10:  France outlawed the forced worship of God.

1794
(I)-Thomas Thomas, born 1781, most likely Orkney, British Islands sailed for York Factory, Hudson Bay and is probably one of the Hospital Boys sold into the service of the Hudson Bay Company.  During this period most servants of the Company are from Orkney.
During a sixteen day period (July 12-28) 1,285 victims died on the guillotine in France directed by the Committee that is led by Robespierre.  He himself is executed July 29.
France orders all French colonies to free their slaves.
1795
Pope Pius VI (1775-1799) spurned Spanish offers to mediate the schism between Rome and France.
Johann Blumenbach, one of the first anthropologists, endorsed the Linnaean categories of race but said, "One variety of mankind does so sensibly pass into the other, that you cannot mark out the limits between them"  He however put the Caucasians at the top of the heap by claiming the other races has descended from them.  He said Africans were Caucasians twice removed.  Modern genetics suggest Caucasians are twice removed from Africans.   Modern DNA studies show that the world's population is too homogeneous to divide into races.  This erroneous classification has led to the apartheid system in south Africa, the eugenic policies of North America and Nazi Germany and the history of slavery and segregation.
1796
Renzong of China with a Reign Title of Jiaqing, Reigned (1796-1820) of the Qing Dynesty.
The first missionaries from England arrive Polynesia this year.  They had no desired to understand the Polynesian culture or the great navigational skill's of the islanders.  There primary objective was cultural genocide.  They told the people not to teach their children about their evil past.  They told the people that smallpox which decimated their population was the wrath of God, on the people, as punishment of their evil ways.  Pagan symbols were systematically destroyed.
Napoleon Bonaparte occupied Milan and rejected the French demand that he withdraw his condemnation of the Civil Constitution and of the Revolution.  Napoleon then invaded the papal states and the pope had to accept peace terms involving vast indemnity, and the handing over of valuable manuscripts.
The future Pope Pius VII (1800-1823) shocked his congregation by declaring in a sermon that there is no necessarily conflict between Christianity and Democracy.
In 1796, a British traveller reported a caravan of 5000 slaves departing from Darfur.
1798
A hand book on rearing children in England went as far to suggest that severe and frequent whipping is, I think, a very bad practice yet girls are forced into tightly waistline clothes and gave them only little food to avoid unfashionably healthy appearance.
The French General Duphot is killed in a riot in Rome and the Directory ordered the occupation of the papal states.  General Louis Berthier entered Rome, proclaimed the Roman Republic and the deposition of Pope Pius VI (1775-1799) as head of the state and forced him to withdraw to Tuscany.  The Directory planned to banish him to Sardinia but the pope’s poor health ruled that out.  He would die a prisoner of the Republic.  Many assumed that the destruction of the holy see had been accomplished.
1799
A plague hits North Africa killing 300,000 people.





1800
The Atlantic slave trade from 1701 to 1800 are as follows:
    English slavers total 2,532,300
    Portuguese slavers  1,796,300
    French slavers total 1,180,300
    Dutch slavers total      350,900
    American slavers total 192,200
    Danish slavers total       73,900
    Swedish and others         5,000

It is noteworthy that slave export from Africa 1450 to 1700 totaled 2,235,000 people.  Napoleon conquers Spain.

Professor Davis estimates that up to 1.25 million Europeans were enslaved by Muslim slave raiders between 1500 to 1800.
Napoleon I (1804-1814) defeated Austria on four occasion, 1799, 1801, 1805 and 1809.
Between 1800-1803 twenty-three ships, all save one from Highland or Island ports of Scotland carried 5,391 passengers to America.
Pius VII alias Luigi Barnaba Chiaramonte (1800-1823) a Benedictine is elected pope in Venice under Austrian protection.  He immediately moves back to Rome.
Britain had more than two hundred capital offenses incorporated into their laws.  This clearly represents the small regard for human life.
Godfrey's Cordinal contained opium, treacle and sassafras that was used by some poor families in England to kill their children for whom there was neither space nor food.  The parents discovered an overdose of this medication brought a quick, painless death to unwanted children.
"Gypsy hunts" (Heidenjachten) are a common and popular sport in Germany.  This also was a popular sport in Switzerland at this time.  During WWII the Germans would hunt down and kill 500,000 Gypsies.  This genocidal trait still survives in Germany, but in a different form, into the 21th century.
Alexander von Humboldt (1769-1859) a scientific explorer in botany, zoology and geology proposed 'Continental Drift' aka 'Plate Tectonics'.  He was mostly ignored by the scientific community and ridiculed by others.   The 'Solid State' theory would prevail until the 1960's.
Only 50 cities in the world had a population greater than 100,000 people.
1801
Irish Parliament is closed and united with the English Parliament.  The promise is that Catholics will get equal opportunity to vote but King George III (1760-1820) and the Tories refused to let this happen.
1802
English Parliament passed the first Factory Act limiting child labor to twelve hours.  Napoleon I (1804-1814) appended the French Vatican agreement with the Organic Articles that unilaterally tightened the states hold over the church and restricted papal intervention in France.
The prefect of the department of Basses Pyrenees in France issues an order "to purge the country of Gypsies."
1803
Prior to this time meteors didn't exist, as they didn't fit the Roman Church doctrine of an ordered universe.
Napolean Bonaparte prohibits residence of Gypsy (Roma) in France. Children, women and the aged are sentenced to the poor house. Young men are given their choice of joining the navy or army. Adult men are sent to forced labor.
The French Academy of Sciences insisted that meteorites could not exist because no specimens had been produced.


1803
Louisiana Purchase
827,987
Purchased from France for $15 million, including assumed claims


1804
Napolean Bonaparte crowns himself Emperor Napoleon I (1804-1814) of France.
1805
English Admiral Horatio destroyed the French-Spanish fleet at Trafalgar and a British army landed in Portugal headed by Wellington.
Emperor Napoleon I (1804-1814) beats Austria, Russia, England and Sweden at Austerlitz.
1806
The King of Spain called the Spaniards to arms.  Emperor Napoleon I (1804-1814) considered this an act of war.  The Holy Roman Empire (1648-1806) that is actually a loose collection of independent clans is abolished this year.  Emperor Francis II (1792-1806) is the last King.
The British took control of South Africa from the Dutch.  Boer farmers journeyed inland to escape British rule.
1807
On 22 February 1807, twenty years after he first began his crusade, and in the middle of Britain's war with France, Wilberforce and his team's labours were rewarded with victory.  By an overwhelming 283 votes for to 16 against, the motion to abolish the slave trade was carried in the House of Commons.  The parliamentarians leapt to their feet with great cheers and gave Wilberforce the greatest ovation ever seen in British history.  William bent forward in his seat, his head in his hands, tears of gratitude streaming down his face.
March 25:  English law abolished the slave trade in all British colonies but it took until 1833 for slavery itself to be abolished in Britian and all British colonies.
December:   Emperor Napoleon I (1804-1814) prohibited trade with England.  The Pope Pius VII (1800-1823) and the King of Portugal refused to apply the embargo.  The pope excommunicated Napoleon and he in retaliation annexed the Papal States, imprisoned the Pope and decided to invade Portugal.

1808
A seven year old girl is hanged at King's Lynn, Norfilk, Great Britain.  It would take 100 years before the Children’s Act of 1908 would abolish this uncivilized practice.
The Spanish Inquisition is claimed to be over with 17,659 heretics being burned and Portugal burned 1,800.  Others suggest the numbers were 323,362.  Others contend the Inquisition was not over until 1834 when King Bonaparte abolished it but others suggest it was not over until January 1968 when Rome closed its Office of the Inquisition.





1809; In 1809, however, after a failed British invasion, Holland had to hand over all territories south of the Rhine to France.



1809
Pope Pius VII (1800-1823) excommunicated all robbers of Peter,s patrimony without mentioning Napoleon by name.  As a result the Pope is arrested and interned at Savona near Genoa in virtual isolation.  The Pope refused to investiture bishops nominated by the Emperor.
In 1809, the British government mobilised its Navy to search suspected slave ships, even foreign vessels on the high seas.
April 10:  Austria declared war on France and her forces entered Bavaria.
1810
In 1810, the British Parliament declared slave trading a felony, punishable by fourteen years hard labour

1811
The Sutherland Land Clearance between 1811-1820 by the Marquis of Stafford who had married the Countess of Sutherland in 1785, saw the removal of his tenants from the land to the coast under the presumption they could sustain themselves by fishing.  Many of the returning Orkneymen from Canada bring home all the vices without any of the virtues of the savages, indolence, and dissipation, irreligious and at the same time a broken constitution.
The French are driven out of Portugal.  The Battle of Vittoria June 12 liberated most of Spain from the French as far as the Basque country and Navarre.  Pope Pius VII (1800-1823) is forced to agree to the investiture of bishops by their metropolitans.
1812
Napoleon transferred Pope Pius VII (1800-1823) to Fontainebleau were he is forced to sign a concordat surrendering the Papal States.
June 12:  France invades Russia.
September 14:  Emperor Napoleon I (1804-1814) entered Moscow to a burning city that burned for three days destroying all provisions.  The troops burned 90% of the houses and 1,000 churches.  Hunger and an early and severe winter wore out the retreating soldiers.  Napoleon said had he not laid hands upon the Papal States and tried to subdue a spiritual power through force the rest of my misfortunes would not have occurred.  He had lost the Catholic support in 1808.  He brought the Sacred College of Cardinals under his power and moved it to France.  The invasion of Russia cost France 332,000 soldiers, most died of starvation and were frozen to death.

1814
Napoleon weakened by his disastrous invasion of Russia surrendered to Wellington.  The Russian Tsar Alexander demanded Napoleon's abdication.
The Restoration of Europe, Held in Vienna, Austria during 1814-1815 is attended by the big five:
     Russia - Tsar Alexander I (1801-1825)
     Prussia - King Fredrick William III (1797-1840)
     Great Britain - Lord Castlereagh representing King George III (1760-1820)
     Austria - Emperor Francis II (1792-1835)
     France - Talleyrand for Louis XVII (1814-1824) the Bourbon
Spain, Portugal, Sweden, Holland and most petty princes of Italy and Germany also attended to redraft the boundaries of Europe.
Pope Pius VII (1800-1823) restored the Society of Jesus (Jesuit).  He condemned the Protestant Bible Society in 1816, and the Enlightenment and Freemasonry in 1821.
In 1814, the British representative at the Congress of Vienna insisted on the abolition of the slave trade being included in the International Treaty.  This Treaty was signed by all the European powers on 9 June 1815.
1815
Napoleon escaped saying to the crowds "you have let yourself be led by the priests and nobles who want to re-establish titles and fiscal laws.  I'll deal with them.  I'll string them up."  He is defeated at Waterloo in Belgium by Wellington and the Prussian army.  On orders of the Bourbon's of France Count Charles Tristan de Montholon poisoned Napoleon at age 51 on the Island St. Helena.  It is said he put arsenic in his wine.
The kingdom of Poland is established as a puppet Russian state, a small Duchy of Warsaw after being totally eliminated in 1795.
Prince Clemens Von Metternick, a German Nobleman, effectively directed the Austrian Empire for the next thirty years.  This so-called Age of Metternich was a classic example of a Police State.    He encouraged the cultural development of the Czechs and southern Slavs to counterbalance the Germans and Hungarians.  Sixty-five percentage of Austria is Roman Catholic.
British policy was to control world traffic and world markets to Britain's advantage.
April 5:  Mount Tambora on Subawa (Sumbawa) Island, Indonesia, in the Java Sea erupted.  One-third of the 13,000 foot mountain was blasted into the air.  About 92,000 to 117,000 people were killed.  The whole planet was shrouded in its debris.  A town of 10,000 known as the kingdom of Tambora was destroyed only 4 people survived.  The year 1816 as a result became known as the 'year without a summer'.  The Tambora eruption is believed to be the largest in the last 10,000 years.  New England and Europe were hit exceptionally hard.  Snowfalls and frost occurred in June, July, and August and all but the hardiest grains were destroyed.  Destruction of the corn crops forced farmers to slaughter their animals.  Soup kitchens were opened to feed the hungary.  Sea ice migrated across Atlantic sea lanes, and alpine glaciers advanced down mountain slopes to exceptionally low elevations.



1815- Sri Lankan dynastic history spanned a period of 2,359 years from 543 BC to AD 1815, when the land became part of the British Empire.[34]




1815;In 1815, the Congress of Vienna formed the United Kingdom of the Netherlandsby adding the southern Netherlands to the north in order to create a strong country on the northern border of France. In addition, William became hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg. The Congress of Vienna gave Luxembourg to William as personal property in exchange for his German possessions, Nassau-Dillenburg, Siegen, Hadamar, and Diez.




1816
The Religious Institute of the Oblates of Mary Immaculate is founded by French theologian Eugene de Mazenod in 1816 for the purpose of evangelizing the poor.  They would have a profound impact on the aboriginal people in Western Canada.  This is the year of no summer caused by the eruption of Mount Tambora, Java.  Starvation swept Europe and 50,000 people died in Ireland from typhus.
This summer was cold and wet, crops failed and famine forced many to emigrate to Canada.  Scotland was land clearing as sheep were more profitable than people.  Some Scots who had occupied the same land for forty generations were driven away.  This was caused by the eruption of Mt Tambora, Indonesia last year that sent a blanket of debris that covered the sky around the world.
John Hoyland, a Quaker, writes the first serious book calling for better treatment for Gypsies in England. Several charitable projects follow; but many Gypsies are transported as criminals to Australia.
1817
The first great cholera pandemic of this century, 1817-1823, originated in India, spreading to Japan, China, Russia and the Middle East.  A cold winter stopped its spread into Europe.
1818
Russia Czar Alexander I (1777-1825) petitioned for a Jewish State in Palestine.
Captain Lyon of the Royal Navy reported that the Al-Mukani in Tripoli "waged war on all its defenseless neighbors and annually carried off 4,000 to 5,000 slaves a piteous spectacle!  These poor oppressed beings were, many of them, so exhausted as to be scarcely able to walk, their legs and feet were much swelled, and by their enormous size formed a striking contrast with their emaciated bodies.  They were all borne down with loads of firewood, and even poor little children, worn to skeletons by fatigue and hardships, were obliged to bear their burden, while many of their inhuman masters with dreadful whip suspended from their waist.all the traders speak of slaves as farmers do of cattle




1819
Florida (East and West)
72,101
Purchased from Spain for $5 million in assumed claims under Adams-Onís Treaty



1819
A new English law forbade the employment of children under age nine.  The penalty for thieves is death as is hunting with gun or knife.  A group of working people and their families in Manchester protesting their poor conditions are attacked by soldiers and eleven are killed and hundreds wounded.

The Rock (Sydney, Australia) was described by J.T. Bigge as a place of debauchery and villainy.  He turned the freedom of the Rock into a Hyde Park Barracks (1819-1821), created road gangs and more distant penal stations like Van Diemen's land aka Tasmania.  Between (1803-1853) 75,000 men and women were sent to the penal stations.  These places were pledged with floggings, madness and death.   Among the 75,000 people sent to Van Diemenus were 12,000 women and sexual exploration was a thriving activity.

An earthquake in Italy killed 20,000 people in the cities of Genoa and Palermo.
1820
The Emperor of Austria Francis II (1792-1935) is concerned with the growing discontentment of the middle class of people who have taken to the press to promote impiety.  They promote disobedience to the laws of Religion and State and go as far as to preach murder as a duty.
The first missionaries arrive Hawaii.
1821
Xuanzong of China with a Reign Title of Daoguang, Reigned (1821-1850) of the Qing Dynesty.
Mexico becomes independent from Spain.
1822
Egypt conquers the Sudan.
1823
Leo XII alias Annibale Sermatteri (1823-1829) is elected pope.
1824
Workers in England were allowed to form unions.
1825
Russia orders forced assimilation, including military conscription of all pacifists including the Doukhobor Sect of the Russian Orthodox Church.
In 1825, Britain passed a bill making slave trading punishable by death.
1826
A tsunamis hit Japan killing 30 thousand people.
1827
Greece becomes independent from Turkey.
The Russo-Turkish War (1827-1829) begins.
1828
April 14:   Robert Chambers a magistrate in London England observed that London was too full of children in poverty who are sleeping in the gutters and begging for food.  He recommended the the British surplus children be sent to Canada as farm labor.  This became known as the most Draconian movement in the history of emigration.
Between 1828-1851 some Scottish proprietors shipped surplus tenants overseas at their own expense.   England was still practicing regular beating of children at home and in residential boarding schools that developed the children and they soon became almost strangers to their parents and it was wondered what effect this would have on the country.
1829
Pius VIII alias Francesco Saverio Castiglione (1829-1830) is elected pope.  Catholic and nonconformists could enter government service or Parliament, however, it remained difficult for them to do so even though they represented fifty percent of the population.
Catholics in Britain are finally given equality.
Frederick Parrot reports Noah's Ark relics in a church at Mt Ararat's base, later destroyed in an 1840 earthquake.
The Swan River Colony aka Perth, Australia was considered the first free settlement but it stagnated with 5,000 settlers.
1830
Austria lost the Netherlands and Belgium is created but she gained Venice and Lombardy, two rich provinces of Italy.  Pope Pius VIII (1829-1830) issued an encyclical condemning the influence of Freemasonry in education, attacking secret societies and attacks against church dogma.  Mixed marriages are only allowed if guarantees of the education in the Catholic faith are provided.  This conflicted with ancient German law that stated the father’s wishes should prevail.  National emancipation broke out in Belgium, Ireland and Poland this year being condemned by the Vatican curia.  The Vatican also stigmatized the alliance of Catholics and liberals in Belgium against King William I (1815-1840) as monstrous.  The French King Charles X is forced to flee France and abdicate as the Church and the people revolted against his government.  Pope Pius VIII (1829-1830) against the advice of the curia accepted the French Revolution in Paris that deposed King Charles X (1824-1830) in favor of King Louis Philippe (1830-1848) whom he called the Most Christian King.  When some legitimate bishops and priests fled France he showed his disappointment by refusing them admission to the Papal States.
In Tahiti, Polynesia the British initially expelled the French missionaries, only to have them return later with French gunboats. This eventually led to France taking over all of what is now French Polynesia.
First wooden horse-drawn covered wagons for Gypsies are developed in England.
A cholera pandemic spread worldwide in 1830-1837.
During the 1830's circumcision, genital mutilation, is introduced in France as a treatment for masturbation among young boys, the practice quickly spread to Britain and the USA.
July:  France is in revolution.
1831
Giuseppe Mazzini (1805-1872) founded the Young Italy Society for ethnic cleansing of Italy.  The objective of the society is to drive all Austrians from the peninsula and to establish an Italian Republic.  He believed nationality is the role assigned by God to a people in the work of humanity.  He conducted guerrilla warfare.
Gregory XVI alias Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari (1831-1846) is elected pope.  He is extremely hostile to modern trends even banning railways in his domain.  The populous revolted and Austria support is required to crush the uprising.
The great powers intervene demanding radical administrative, judicial and constitutional reforms in the Papal States.  Pope Gregory XVI is prepared to make minor changes but not to grant elected assemblies or council of state composed of laymen.  The uprising broke out afresh and Austria troops had to be recalled.  France is forced to seize Ancona and for several years the papal states are held under military occupation.  Continuous simmering revolution contained by a repressive regime of hired soldiers drained the papal treasury.  Dictator Pope Gregory lost most public support during his police state regime.
Cholera swept Europe killing 900,000 peoples this year and millions would die before the end of the century.
1832
An outbreak of cholera in London spread by dirty water killed thirty two thousand people, at this time one in four baby died within one year of birth.
Europe experimented with juvenile deportation (indenture or the slave trade) as a remedy for pauperism.  The Irish Protestant Orphan Society and the Benevolent Society for the Establishment of Poor Colonies in 1828 are joined by the British Children's Friend Society Report of 1830.  This referenced the system of Fostering in France, Germany and Switzerland and to the Agricultural Workhouses and Colonization of orphan children in Holland.  They rationalized this practice as child rescue to give them a fair chance.  The fundamental supporting belief is a form of ethnic cleansing guised as social cleansing.  By 1837 it is well known that in New Brunswick and the African colonies the indentured children are replacing the free coloreds and emancipated slaves.
Pope Gregory XVI (1831-1846) issued his encyclical denouncing the notion of freedom of conscience and freedom of the press.  He denounced the idea of separation of church and state.  He is convinced the liberalism had its roots in indifferentism.  His encyclical condemned the revolutionary movements when the Poles revolted against the Tsar in 1830-31 but protested in 1845 against the persecution of revolutionary Catholics in Russia.
Expeditions from Russia, Turkey and England during the period 1832-1850, fail to find any trace of Noah's Ark.
June 5:  Prior to this time Britain had a form of dictator ship where parliament was dominated by nobility and wealthy land owners.  Only 440,000 voters out of a population on 17 million were allowed to vote.  On June 5 the British Reform Act is passed improving things but most poor people are still not allowed to vote.
.1833
Britain finally by Act of Parliament abolishes slavery, they banned transatlantic slave trade in 1807 but not slavery - setting all 700,000 slaves in British overseas territories free.
1834
King Bonaparte abolished the Inquisition.
The Governour of Wallachia, Alexander Ghica, frees all state slaves.
The Spanish Civil War (1834-1839) begins.
1836
The Communist League is formed in Paris, France.
1837
An archbishop is imprisoned in Russia for violating ancient law that the children of mixed marriage should follow their father’s religion.  The pope condemned this belief and subsequent action.
France takes Algeria.
Drought in India (1837-1838) kills 800,000.
1838
In 1838, it was estimated that 10,000 to 12,000 slaves were arriving in Cairo each year." Just in the Arabic plantations off the East Coast of Africa, on the islands of Zanzibar and Pemba, there were 769,000 black slaves.  In the 19th Century, the East African black slave trade included 347,000 slaves shipped to Arabia, Persia and India;  95,000 slaves were shipped to the Arab plantations in the Mascareme Islands.
December: Blood River, South Africa, 500 Boers defeated 10,000 Zulus.  Victory was taken as divine approbation and racial attitudes increased..  The Boers had turned their back on British rule and migrated inland during the 1830's.
1839
England was at war in Afghanistan, Sindh, Pakistan and against the Sikhs in the Punjab, India until 1842.
The Chinese Emperor wrote to Queen Victoria (1837-1901) in England asking where is her conscience, how can you bare selling products injurious to others in order to fill your insatiable desire.  So begun the firsts of the English barbarian opium wars (1839-1842) against China.
Pope Gregory XVI (1831-1846) denounced slavery and the slave trade as unworthy of Christians.  The Holy office would reverse this decision in 1866.  It is noteworthy that the Pope condemned only the slave trade, but not so explicitly that the condemnation covered occasional sales by owners of surplus stock.
November 25: The Indian cyclone killed 300 thousand people.
1840
The British invade Formosa (Taiwan).
1841
Austria established its first railway this year.
The population of Ireland was 8 million people.  This level would never be seen again as the potato famine between 1845-1849 reduced the population by 1/4 to 1/2.  The Irish famine was called 'The Great Hunger" killing 1.5 million deaths and 2.0 million who emigrated.  It was caused by Phytophthora infestans a potato blight.
1842
The hospodar of Moldavia, Mihail Sturdza, emancipates all state slaves; however, in Wallachia and Moldavia private ownership of Romani slaves is still legally permitted.
British paleontologist Richard Owen coined the term dinosaur.
1844
Budapest, established by law, that Magyar is henceforth to be the official language throughout the Kingdom of Hungary and the Croatian objected.  Pope Gregory XVI (1831-1846) instructed the Irish clergy be discouraged from political action.
1845
Potato blight came to Ireland from South America.  American aboriginal farming practice was to plant diverse crops and different varieties of any one crop.  As an example they planted for hot years, cold year, drought and wet years all in the same year.  This prevented a total crop failure in any give year.  The Irish planted only one variety called lumper and this error caused the death of millions.  Do we learn from this error, NO in the 21 century MacDonald's demands the use of the Russet Burbank exclusively, setting an industry standard.
Between September 1845 and 1847 the potato crop because of blight failed in Ireland and the Protestant grain farmers of Ireland shipped their crops to England.  In many cities at least one-third of the inhabitants are destitute, one and a half million starved to death, and one million are forced to emigrate.  Shipping peasants to Canada and the United States is regarded as the cheapest alternative to the problem.  In ten years the Irish population dropped from eight million to just over three million.  By 1920 the numbers reached five million to the United States.  The English Parliament did not appreciate the seriousness of the problem or didn't care.  The English considered the Irish a lazy, inferior people bringing the problems upon themselves.  The potato blight also affected Europe and much of their grain crop also failed forcing an exodus to America.  Many landlords reused to lower rents during this time.  The Irish were then locked out of their homes for failure to pay rent and driven from the land.
Researchers now say the potato blight originated in USA in 1844, spread to Europe in 1845 and killed about a million people by starvation between 1846-1851.  They have identified the potato fungi in 2013 and called it Phytophthorga Infestans HERB-1.  It was isolated and identified using DNA extracted from museum specimens (analyzed from dried leaves kept in collections in museums at Kew Royal Botanical Gardens, UK).
The Jesuit is expelled for the second time from France with the acceptance of Pope Gregory XVI (1831-1846).  The pope also encouraged a native clergy in the Americas.

1845
Texas
389,166
Annexation of independent republic


1846
Oregon Territory
286,541
The Oregon Treaty withGreat Britain



1846
The Great Irish Famine (1846-1849) resulted in 1 to 1.5 million deaths.
Austria established a telegraph network this year.  One estimate suggests that from 1846 to 1932 fifty million Europeans left their homeland for the Americas and Australia and New Zealand.  Thousands of Europeans died as a result of the great cholera epidemics that plagued the region during the 1830's and 1840's.  Doctors suggested the filth and foul smelling air in European cities cause it.  Many citizens in European cities use their basements as slaughterhouses.
Pius IX (1846-1878) is elected pope.  He immediately declared a political amnesty setting up city and state councils and made gestures of support to Italian Nationalism.  This is a complete reversal of Pope Gregory XVI (1831-1846) policy.  The people rejoiced but this is short lived when he announced the temporal sovereignty of the Holy See indispensable to its spiritual independence, he had no intention of establishing a constitutional state.  He is considered dangerously authoritarian and a great anti-modernist.  He declared the Pope should not reconcile himself to, or agree with, progress, liberalism and modern civilization.  This is a distinct shift from Droit & Fait of 1651-1653 where it was debated the Church's (Council) has infallibility in matters of doctrine and its duty of silence before matters of fact.  He presided at the First Vatican Council of 1870 that defined the dogma of papal infallibility.  Infallibility is the Divine Right to proclaim wrong.  Italy considered him a traitor for not joining the war of 1848 to expel Austria from Italy.
1847
English Government soup kitchens in Ireland are feeding three million people daily.  This year the support stopped and responsibility is handed over to local landlords.  This action accelerated the deportation of Irish peasants.  At Grosse Ile, Quebec a dumping ground for Irish deportees saw the death of 5,500 Irish passengers of typhus while waiting to disembark.  The dead had to be dragged out of the ships with boat hooks as the relatives refused to touch them.  This massive deportation instilled in the Irish a pathological desire for land ownership and a drive to secure positions of authority such as the police or civil services positions.
WALLERN, Austria
(I)-Paul Saltz born 1821-1823 Illmitz, Austria-Hungary died June 24, 1903 Mornville, North West Territories (Alberta) married 1847 Wallern, Austria an (I)-Maria Weinzetl born 1818 Germany died Mornville daughter Paul Weinzetl born Wallern, Austria and Dorothern Wulhersdorfer born Wallern, Austria.  Death source Alberta Birth, Marriage & Death Index 1870-1905.
Four children were recorded:
(II)-Johaunes Salzl born 1847, Wallern, Austria died Edmonton, Alberta married 1873 Maria Leurer (Leier) born 1852 Wallern, Austria died May 9, 1932 Edmonton, Alberta
(II)-Mathias Salze born 1850 married 1877 Maria Weinhandl died 1891
(II)-Maria Salze born 1852
(II)-Karl Salze born 1857 homesteaded Zell, South Dakota SW 1/4 35 117N 66W in 1880's
Salze, also Salzl, Salz, Saltz, Salzmann being associated with the salt trade and having a German and/or Jewish ancestry.
 (I)-Paul Salze and his wife (I)-Mary Weinzetl would become part of the exodus from Austria about 1873.  (IV)-Marion Salzl said "Mary Huber, my cousin, says both Illmitz and Wallern are still both in present day Austria.  The records of
(III)-Mathias Salzl, my father's people, say they  are born in Wallie, Hungary but since the war (1945) is called Wallern, Hungary.  She said she was over there and saw the house they used to live in" as related by (IV)-Marion Elizabeth Salzl born 1910.  (III)-Mathias Salzl would admit to being born in Austria to one person and Hungary to another and a number of fights resulted when  the two people met over a bet at the local barber in Edmonton, Alberta.  It would appear he considered himself Austro-Hungarian.  Wallern was and is in Austria about forty miles south east of Vienna (Wien) and Illmitz is five miles north west of Wallern near the shores of the Neusiedler Sea.



1848
Mexican Cession
529,189
Purchase from Mexicofollowing military victory; $15 million plus 3.25 million in assumed claims


1848
The period of 1846 to 1848 marked a severe food shortage throughout Europe.  The harvest of grain and potatoes is very poor.  Many believe this contributed to the general political instability throughout Europe this year.  Ancient tradition suggests times of great natural disaster is Gods way of telling the people that the rulers are not doing Gods will.
A revolution in France starts a wave of revolutions in Europe.
Peasant insurrections and artisan uprisings occurred throughout Europe.  The new united Germany is debating the inclusion or exclusion of Austria in Germany.  The question became what to include, only German speaking Austrian or the Hungarians, Rumanians, Croats and many other alien ethnic groups.  Many were urging war against Russia.  In Austria revolution had broken out in Vienna, the Imperial Palace was stormed and Metternich resigned and fled into exile.  The Hungarians demanded a separate state, with their own army and government at Budapest linked to Austria only through a common monarch.  Street fights also took place in Milan, Austria March 18-23.  By the end of March the rebels are successful in Vienna, Budapest, Prague and Northern Italy.  Not all the violence of the day is directed at the troops and government, unruly mobs burned and looted in the industrial suburbs.  Food stores, butcher shops, bakeries, and tobacco shops were sacked.  Artisans stormed the factories, destroyed the machines, and set fire to the buildings.  Tax-offices, parsonages, and houses are plundered and demolished.  A Civil Guard is created arresting hundreds of suspected rioters, plunderers and arsonists that are thrown into crowded jails.  Sharp antagonism between Czech and Germans broke out in Bohemia (Austria) over control of Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia that also contained large numbers of Germans.  The students took Prague and Prince Windisch-Graetz laid siege to the city that surrendered October 31 after fierce bombardment.
March 13:  Rebellion in Vienna echoed with a cry of Hungary for the Magyars, Bohemia (Northern Austria) for the Slavs, Italy for the Italians and Austria for the Germans.  Students also demonstrated in Budapest and Prague for a free press, trial by jury, and a representative assembly, freedom for teaching.  A Magyar state is demanded including Croats of Zabreb, Serbs of the Voivoduna, Saxon and Wallach of Transylvania and the Slovaks on the northern hills all to submit to Hungarian Budapest.  Austria, part of the Habsburg Empire is said to support a standing army of soldiers, a kneeling army of priests and a crawling army of informers.   Pope Pius X (1846-1878) is forced to concede a bicameral assembly but refused to join the war to expel Austria from Italy.  The people considered this betrayal and when the Italian Prime Minister Count Rossi is murdered the pope in disguise fled Rome for Gaeta north of Naples.
1849
A cholera pandemic spread worldwide in 1849.
February 9:  Italy is proclaimed a Roman Republic against the wishes of Pope Pius IX (1846-1878) that is in exile.
May:  The Hungarian forces had driven the Austria forces across the frontier and Hungary is declared independent.  Vienna asked for outside help and Russia promised 140,000 men without any conditions.  By August with the advancing Russian and Austrian armies the Hungarian independence is crushed.  General Windisch-Graetz occupies Budapest.  Those who did not flee are hanged, imprisoned or demoted while more than one hundred civilians are hung and hundred others imprisoned; women who interceded for their husbands are stripped and publicly flogged.  The Austrian defeated Piedmount this year.



1850
Measles reached Hawaii killing 1/5 of the population.
Between (1850-1868) 10,000 English who were considered hardened criminals were sent to Australia.
Those who desired power in Austria believed the State is the highest manifestation of human existence and the fate of individuals who composed it is of little importance.  Frederick William's ideal model is the creation of a German Federation under a Catholic Habsburg Emperor with a Protestant Hohenzollern King as hereditary commander in chief.  We need to keep in mind that Austria proper at this time is a multicultural Empire being composed of Germans, Czechs, Poles, Ruthenians, Slovenes, Serbo-Croats, Italians and Rumanians.  Austria has a standing army of 600,000 men.  In October, Austria mobilized and marched on Bavaria and Wurttemberg winning them to her side.
The Falloux Law in France gave the local Roman Catholic priest the right to provide religious education in public schools.  Pius IX (1846-1878) appealed to the Catholic powers and French troops restored papal rule in Rome.  The pope set a paternalistic regime in the Papal States and frowned on any nationalistic aspirations.  He thereby alienated himself from the educated people.
Even as late as this date many scientist believed the universe to be 6,000 years old vs. modern estimates of 15 billion years.
The aboriginal people of Japan, the Ainu on the Island of Hokkaido, were forced to take Japanese names.  Their lands were confiscated and they were forced into slave labor camps
The Boers dream of freedom from British rule culminated in the founding of the Boer Republic in the Orange Free State of South Africa, this decade.
The Gypsies aka Roma slaves of Romania are freed this year.


1850-1900; France fight England for Suez Canal and Indochina.


1851
The great London Expedition presented the ice-making machine to demonstrate that with heat you can produce cold.
The Irish potato famine combined with typhus is estimated to have killed 1,500,000 people since 1846.
Wenzong of China with a Reign Title of Xianfeng, Reigned (1851-1861) of the Qing Dynesty.
The China floods 1851-1866 killed up to 50 million people.
1852
Disraeli writing on the life of Lord George Bentinck summarized the European situation.  Let us not be deluded by forms of government, a republic in France, constitutional monarchy in Prussia, absolute monarchy in Austria.  The government is the government of the sword with vast standing armies, the irresistible law that dooms Europe.



1853
Gadsden Purchase
29,670
Purchased from Mexico for $10 million


1853
In Glengarry, Scotland whole families were put into ships and sent across the ocean, those who tried to escape were hunted down like deer.  During these Violent Land Clearances the people believed the Chiefs preferred the well being of sheep to men, whose ancestors had served their ancestors for generations.
Anesthesia was being used to diminish the pain of childbirth but Churchmen objected because the Bible says "in sorrow thou shalt bring forth children" as one of the punishments for eating forbidden fruit.  Queen Victoria the head of the Church allowed herself to be chloroformed while giving birth to her seventh child, and all criticism stopped.
Pius IX (1846-1878) defined the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary as being free from original sin.  This established the precedent that all mankind is not conceived of original sin.  There is no reason to believe that North American Indians, as an example, are not also free from original sin.  The concept of original sin or mans fall from Gods favor appears to be confined to the Middle East having originated in Iraq.
The Crimean War (1853-1856) begins.
October 1:   Russia declared war on Turkey under the pretext of a holy war to liberate the Christians under the Turkish yoke.  This tactics forces the French and English into the infamy of fighting for the Crescent.  Austria is perplexed with the Crimean war wanting to remain natural believing nothing will be gained by doing violence to the existing order.
December 2:   Emperor Franz Josef of Austria (1848-1916) is forced to sign a treaty of alliance with the Maritime Powers (Western Powers).  The Austrian Emperor however had no intention of fighting except as a last resort.  Austria never did get sucked into the Crimean War but still lost thousands by disease and cholera that is killing the French and British troops.

1854
An earthquake at Ansei Nankai, Japan killed 85 thousand people.
England supported the Turks against Russia in the Crimean war in the Black Sea.  Austria had a standing army of 450,000 men that is slowly driving the Empire into bankruptcy.  The Austrian neutrality caused most other Empires of Europe to regard Austria with disdain.  Austria under King Francis Joseph (1848-1916) therefore aligned herself with Rome and Pope Pius IX (1846-1878).  The Concordat with Rome surrendered to the Church part of Austrian sovereignty.  Schools are handed to the Church, bishops are allowed to communicate privately with the Vatican.  Marriage became the sole responsibility of the Church.
Pope Pius IX proclaimed that Mary b-18-20 B.C. the wife of Joseph when conceived received the priviledge of almighty god and was born free from sin.  The Orthodox churches believe this is nonsense, it would have taken away her free will and taken away her yes to Gods request.
1855
Cavour leads Piedmont into the Crimean war on the side of France and England bringing pressure on Austrian neutrality.
Gobineau publishes his book Essai sur l'inégalité des races humaines, which argues that human beings fall into higher and lower races, with the white "Aryan" race, and particularly the Nordic people, ranking at the top. This had particular impact upon German philosophical and political thinking.

A decree issued in the Duchy of Baden warns the citizens that "in recent times, Gypsies, especially from Alsace, have frequently been re-entering and travelling about with their families, purportedly to engage in trade but mostly for the purposes of begging or other illegal activities."
1856
The Slobuzenja. Abolition of slavery in Romania; large-scale emigrations of Roma to western Europe and America begins.
South African Republic is declared.
Two British scientists climb Mt Ararat to disprove the existence of Noah's Ark but report a chest-like shape of petrified wood at 15,000 foot level on the northeast side of Mt Ararat.
March 30:  The Czar Alexander II (1855-1881) of Russia announced his decision to emancipate (free) the serfs (slaves) of Russia.  He said it is better to begin abolishing serfdom from above than to wait for it to begin to abolish itself from below.  The treaty of Paris concluded the Crimean War and forbid Russian Orthodox Christians to make claims of protection over Christians in the Ottoman Empire.  France as a Roman Christian nation held that position.  The issue is Greek Orthodox Christianity Vs Roman Orthodox Christianity.  Russia also lost control of Moldavia and Walachia.
1857
Britain under Queen Victoria (1837-1901) put down what they called the Indian Mutiny of Hindu and Muslim Princes and the British behaved with great violence and cruelty in punishing the defeated peoples.  Others call it the Indian Rebellion (1857-1859) against British occupation.
Over 100,000 died in an earthquake and fire in Tokyo, Japan.
An earthquake of magnitude 6.9 hit Naples, Italy killing 11,000 people.
Coco (Keeling) Island 800 miles west of Christmas Island, in the Indian Ocean is a possession of the Clunies-Ross family and is placed under British rule this year.  Later it became a territory of Australia.





1857
Baker Island
Howland Island
Jarvis Island
.5
.6
1.7
Unincorporated territory claimed under Guano Actof 1856


1858
Cavour of Piedmont and Napoleon III (1851-1870) of France plotted to provoke a war in Italy that would permit their two nations to intervene against Austria.  France is to receive Nice and Savoy for its part.  Piedmont is to receive Lombardy.  Later Parma, Modena, Tuscany and Romagna voted to unify with Piedmont.
Antonio Snider a geographer proposed 'Continental Drift' aka 'Plate Tectonics' and published a map depicting Pangaea.



1858
Johnston Atoll
1.1
Unincorporated territory annexed under Guano Actof 1856; chemical weapon disposal site


1859
Four women regarded as social visionaries implemented Robert Chambers proposal of 1826 to export child labor to Canada.  The infamous women were Annie MacPherson, Rachel MacPherson, Louisa MacPherson and Mara Rye.  They established way stations in London and Liverpool to basically collect the children for deportation into a form of slave labor.  Maria Rye specialized in young girls who were shipped to Niagra on the Lake to work the farms in Southern Ontario.
April 26:  War is declared between Piedmount, France against Austria.  About 138,000 French faced 129,000 Austrians.  One day of fighting saw nearly 40,000 dead and wounded on the field.  Napoleon III (1851-1870) is the Emperor of France and Francais Joseph (1848-1916) is King of Austria.
1860
Garibaldi lands his forces in Sicily and invades southern Italy.  The Kingdom of Italy is created with its capital at Florence.  Victor Emmanuel II (1861-1878) becomes King.  Jews in England for the first time were given equal rights with other citizens.
Pope Pius IX (1846-1878) newly raised army is defeated at Castelfidardo.  The Vatican lost all their dominions with the exception of Rome to the New Kingdom of Italy.  A French garrison protects the pope for the next ten years.
1861
Italy becomes a Kingdom.
1862
Muzong of China with a Reign Title of Dongzhi, Reigned (1862-1874) of the Qing Dynesty.
Twelve thousand priests signed a petition to make Rome the capital of a new Italy, and to say a word for peace, Pope Pius IX (1846-1878) reaction is to discipline these rebels, everyone.
Otto Van Bismarck (1815-1898) prime minister of Prussia said the great questions are decided not by speeches and majority decisions but by iron and blood.  He is credited with making Germany a united nation by drawing Prussia into three wars.
1863
King Franz Joseph (1848-1916) and his minister of Austria foolishly permitted themselves to be drawn into the war against Denmark, from which Prussia alone stood to profit.
A cholera pandemic spread worldwide in 1863 to 1866.



1864: Gojong ascends the throne with his father, Daewongun, as Regent in Korea.

1864
The pope demanded a return to the teachings of St. Thomas Aquinas that the popes should not reconcile to or agree with progress, liberalism or modern civilization.  This dealt a fatal blow to liberal Catholicism leaving no alternative but separation of church and state.  Pope Pius IX's (1846-1878) issued his Syllabus of Errors condemned most modern social theories and institutions, such as labor unions and parliamentary democracy.  The Austrian Chancellor, Metternich classified Pope Pius IX as warm of heart, weak of head and lacking utterly in common sense.  Pope Pius IX however directly ruled nearly three million people as their absolute monarch, there is no freedom of thought or expression, no elections, books and papers are censored, Jews are locked up in ghettos, a police state flying the Papal flag.  It is respectfully pointed out to him that Jesus said my kingdom is not of this world and begged him to save Italy and the Papacy before it is too late.
The Danish War lost Schleswig and Holstein to Prussia and Austria.
October 5:  A cyclone struck Calcutta, India with a loss of 60,000 lives.
1865
February 15:   Pius IX (1846-1878) proclaimed that liberty of conscience and toleration I condemn (in Rome), I claim in England and other foreign countries for the Catholic Church.


1866: French Campaign against Korea.

1866
The Finnish famine of (1866-1868) resulted in 150 thousand deaths.
The Austrian navel battle with the Italians included 26 Austrian ships and 28 Italian ships.  The Austrian Admiral Tegethoff ordered his ironclads to ram the Italians flagship.  The Italian flagship is breached and sent to the bottom.  The rest of the Italian fleet made off as best they could.  Bismarck ordered Prussian forces to do whatever is necessary to be obnoxious to the Austrians to instigate war.  As a result of the Prussian-Austro War Piedmount (Italy) obtained Venetia.
The Holy Office declared that slavery is not at all contrary to the Natural Law.  This is consistent with Canon Law see 340, 600, 655, 1187, 1548 but is the opposite of Canon Law see 1537, 1591, 1639, 1741, and 1839.    It is noteworthy that numerous antislavery texts are placed on the Forbidden Reading Index in the 18th and 19th centuries.


Date
Territory
Area
(square miles)
Comment
1783
Former colonies
892,135
Treaty of Paris of 1783 following military victory
1803
Louisiana Purchase
827,987
Purchased from France for $15 million, including assumed claims
1819
Florida (East and West)
72,101
Purchased from Spain for $5 million in assumed claims under Adams-Onís Treaty
1845
Texas
389,166
Annexation of independent republic
1846
Oregon Territory
286,541
The Oregon Treaty withGreat Britain
1848
Mexican Cession
529,189
Purchase from Mexicofollowing military victory; $15 million plus 3.25 million in assumed claims
1853
Gadsden Purchase
29,670
Purchased from Mexico for $10 million
1857
Baker Island
Howland Island
Jarvis Island
.5
.6
1.7
Unincorporated territory claimed under Guano Actof 1856
1858
Johnston Atoll
1.1
Unincorporated territory annexed under Guano Actof 1856; chemical weapon disposal site
1867
Alaska
591,000
Purchased from Russia for $7.2 million; statehood 1959


1867
Midway Islands
2
Annexation of unoccupied area

1867
The compromise of February 18, 1867 divided the Habsburg Empire into two great segments, Austria and Hungary, under a single monarch, Franz Joseph (1848-1916) as Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary, with a common army and common foreign policy.  The standing army is based on conscription for a two-year term and a ten-year commitment to the reserves.  This political arrangement would last for fifty years.  The people showed little interest in the political changes.  They lived under absolute police rule and heavy press censorship.  Vienna, Austria and surrounding areas are predominately German speaking.  North of Vienna is the Czechs, to the east Slovaks and to the south Magyars (Hungarians).  In August Napoleon and Eugenie came to Salzburg, Austria to establish contact with Emperor Franz Josef (1848-1916) with a view to future alliance against Prussia.
Diamonds are discovered in the Boer Republic of South Africa.
1868
In Holland, Richard Liebich's work on Gypsy (Roma) introduces the phrase "lives unworthy of life" with specific reference to them (Gypsy), and later used as a racial category against Gypsy (Roma) in Nazi Germany.
New South Wales (Australia) became a penal colony for Britain in 1788.  It is estimated that 161,000 English, Irish and other convicts were forced to settle there.   Prison transport ended in 1868.  Other regular emigrants began to settle the country.

1869
India suffered famines (1769-1771), inc. Bengal famine of 1770, incl. Bihar & Orissa resulting in 15 million deaths.
The independent Police Ministry in Austria is abolished, Jews are largely emancipated, compulsory and free elementary education is established.  The Roman Church authority is gradually whittled away.  Civil marriage is legalized and schools are taken away from Church control.  This is followed by a law putting all Christian creeds on an equal footing.  Pope Pius IX (1846-1878) denounced the new laws as truly unholy, as absolutely null and void as destructive, abominable and damnable.  The Bishops of Austria instructed their flocks to disobey the laws.  One outspoken Bishop is sent to prison and subsequently pardoned.
The British Juvenile Emigration Movement commenced this year and over the next 60 years 80,000 (70 years 100,000) alleged pauper and criminal children are deported to North America into slavery (indenture).  Thousands of children aged 2 to 15 years old were transported to Canada without their parents knowledge or consent. This system only collapsed during the Great Depression and with the threat of World War II.  Some suggest the Earl of Shaftesbury started the practice in 1868 by sending indentured boys to Toronto, Canada.  The agencies involved are the Liverpool Sheltering Home, the Catholic Emigration Association and the Church of England Society for Waifs and Strays.  The shame attached to this wave of deportees is so strong that most when released from their indentures hide their background even to their own children and spouses.  Others estimate the numbers total 150,000 when deportation to Australia, New Zealand and Africa are included.  The evangelist Anne MacPherson opened her Home of Industry in London's east end and began shipping children to Canada.   She also worked with the infamous Dr. Thomas Barnardo who is responsible for shipping 30,000 children to Canada.
For more information go to:  British Home Children
Imperial Chancellor Otto von Bismarck circulates a letter dated November 18th demanding the "complete prohibition of foreign Gypsies crossing the German border," and that "they will be transported by the closest route to their country of origin." He also states that Roma in Germany be asked to show documentary proof of citizenship, and that if this is not forthcoming, they be denied traveling passes.
1870
Rome becomes the capital of Italy.
Pius IX (1846-1878) proclaimed infallibility during the first Vatican Council (1869-1870) or twentieth General Council convinced that no Pope, himself included, could ever make a mistake in matters of faith and morals.  This means infallibility is the Divine Right to proclaim wrong.  Many believe Pius has moved the church into the darkness by placing himself above God.  He is fully aware that the tradition leading up to this position is based on lies and forged documents.  Infallibility is grounded in the ancient philosophy of an unchanging universe.  This solid state theory is based on the understanding that the sun is the center of a unchanging universe.  Things of earth may change but the Sun God does not change.  This blunder has the disadvantage that no claim can be withdrawn, no doctrine denied, no moral decision reversed, even when new facts suggest a radical change.  Many feel that it goes against all that is known about the early Christian church.  Others contend even Peter made errors concerning Church matters of faith and doctrine and when an error is pointed out by Paul he saw no loss of face or faith in admitting his error.  Five hundred thirty two bishops met to vote on the issue, one hundred and forty refused to vote, three hundred titular Bishops supported the Pope, two thirds of the American Bishops are opposed.  One historian of the times counted ninety-five Popes who claimed to have divine power, based on Scripture, to depose kings.  Pius IX spoke angrily of the many malicious errors regarding infallibility, disposing sovereigns is a matter of authority, not infallibility.  As a result of Vatican I the issue of Church control of education in Europe is hotly debated and many countries eliminate the church control of education.  Church control of education is eliminated in Germany in 1871 and France in 1886.
Prussian troops advanced on Austria and in five days are pushed back nearly to the Elbe.  Ten thousand men and 279 officers are lost in the attack.  Prussia now occupied Bohemia (Austria).  Bismarck goaded the French into a declaration of war.  France declares war on Prussia.
The French garrison protecting the pope is withdrawn because of the Franco-Prussian war.
Some historians suggest European unity of nations changed about this time from dynastic links to ethnic, cultural, linguistic and historical bonds.  It could also be said this is the beginning of a change from a religious military nation linkage to political bonds.
Thomas John Barnardo set up an agency in London east end and sent 30,000 children into slave labor conditions in Canada.  He established homes in Peterborough, Ontario and Russell, Manitoba.
The newly unified Kingdom of Italy expelled all but one Jesuit as a result of pressure from most European Countries.  Pietro Angelo Secchi an important astronomer was spared as his skills outweighed the fact of his membership in the order.
 September 30:  The Italian troops took Rome, the people are jubilant, the Jews, by royal decree, is given the freedom that the Papacy had denied them for over fifteen hundred years.  The last ghetto in Europe is dismantled.  The Italian government assured the pope of personal inviolability, the tenure of the Vatican and other buildings.  The pope considered himself a prisoner of the Vatican and never set foot outside.  Pius IX speaking on matters of faith forbade Catholics to engage in the democratic processes of the new Italy, whether as electors or as candidates.
1871
 Germany removed the clergy from controlling education.  Not to do so would eliminate scientific, political and social advancement because of the Church's position on infallibility.  Austria is described as a mosaic of nationalities and provinces without an inner unity.  Although Austria had been at relative peace since 1866 the fear of a war with Russia remained a distinct possibility.
The Augustinian Friars in the Philippines installed Rafael de Izquierdo as Governor.  He said he came to the Islands "with a crucifix in one hand and a sword in the other".  He immediately rescinded all liberal laws.
The Russian government repealed the military exemption status that  Hutterites and Mennonites had enjoyed, they decided to look for a new home.



1872
Rafael de Izquierdo, the Augustinian appointed Governor of the Phillipines put down a rebellion by about 200 dockworkers in the Province of Reuoled who had killed their Spanish overseers.  He believed the Philipino priests were behind the uprising so he ordered the execution of three Friars, Jose Burgus, Marino Gomez and Jacinto Zamora and deported others.
Diamonds were discovered at Kimberlay in the Boer Republic of South Africa and this year gold was discovered in the Transvaal.  This proved too much for the British and tensions increased leading to the Anglo-Boor War (1899-1902) resulting in South Africa becoming part of the British Empire.  The Boers easily won early victories over the British.  As more troops arrived the Boer resorted to guerrilla tactics.  The British broke the resistance by putting Boer families in concentration camps and burning their crops.
1873
ZELL, SOUTH DAKOTA
(II)-Johaunes Salzl born 1847 Wallern, Austria, died Edmonton, Alberta son (I)-Paul Salze born 1823 and (I)-Maria Weinzetl born 1818;
Married 1873 (II)-Maria Leurer (Leier) born 1852 Wallern, Austria died, May 9, 1932, Edmonton, Alberta.
Source family records and census June 1885 Faulk, South Dakota.  Homesteaded Zell South Dakota NE 1/4 35 117N 66W and filed February 20, 1885 and received deed February 27, 1885 for $200 or $1.25 per acre.  Obtained mortgage for $900 November 22, 1886 and default on mortgage recorded March 2, 1905 when land was sold by sheriffs office.
SEVEN CHILDREN WERE RECORDED:
(III)-Rudolph Salzl born, March 12, 1883, Miller, South Dakota, U.S.A., died, February 10, 1968, Lloydminister, Saskatchewan married, May 16, 1911, an Elizabeth Hardes born, February 15, 1892, Orient, South Dakota, U.S.A., died, November 30, 1981, Lloydminister, Saskatchewan, daughter John Hardes and Frances Springer.
(III)-Mathias Salzl born, March 26, 1885, baptized, March 28, 1885, St. Mary's, Zell, South Dakota died, December 8, 1962, Edmonton, Alberta married, November 27, 1907, Edmonton, Alberta (III)-Jerusha Anne McDougall born, December 5, 1889, Amhurst, Nova Scotia died, June 26, 1964, Edmonton, Alberta.  St. Mary's Church established April 15, 1883 made out of sod.
(III)-Mary Salzl born, November 9, 1886, Zell, South Dakota died, October 15, 1973, Edmonton, Alberta married James Edward Burris born 1882 Ireland died, August 6, 1962, Edmonton, Alberta and had two children James and Terry who married Jim Hill.
(III)-John Charles Salzl born, June 16, 1889, died March 2, 1903 Edmonton, North West Territories at age 14.
(III)-Theresa Catherine Salzl born, January 4, 1894, Zell, South Dakota died, February 5, 1981, married Charles Lawrence Perry born, October 3, 1894, possibly Duffield, (Alberta) died, December 18, 1982, St. Albert, Alberta and had children Marion born, November 21, 1928, married Joe Siben who died 1971, Leslie born, March 10, 1931, married Dorothy Tilon born, February 16, 1933, married Joe Bobenfahr.
(III)-Joseph Salzl born, March 19, 1890, died, November 13, 1977, Paradise Hills, Saskatchewan; married, October 15, 1912, St. Margaret Roman Catholic Church a Frances Hardes born, December 10, 1893, died, February 27, 1975, Paradise Hills, Saskatchewan, sister of Elizabeth Hardes married to Rudolph Salze, daughter John Hardes and Frances Springer.
(III)-Tofan Salzl was born 1889.
(III)-Anna Salzl born 1892 died January 15, 1903 Mornville, North West Territories.
(III)-Daunfia Salzl born January 4, 1894
Two girls born South Dakota died within one week of diphtheria, could be Tofan and Daunfia?
Charles Salzl born 1859, is a cousin and appears to have lived with the family.
Andrew Salzl married 1905 a Anna at Mornville, Alberta as per Mornville Heritage Society History p-69.
Rudy Salzl in 1906 was a Mornville district farmer as per Mornville Heritage Society History p-70.
Carl Saltz born 1889 died March 1, 1903 Mornville, source Alberta Birth, Marriage & Death Index 1870-1905.
The families of (I)-Paul Salze and (II)-Johaunes Salzl with Cousin Charles Salzl immigrated to America between 1873 and 1882.
1874
Afghanistan, 16,000 British-Indian troops attacked Afghan rebels and were annulated, only one Briton survives.
The Japanese invade Formosa (Taiwan) but fail.
Muslim Gypsy (Roma) are given equal rights with other Muslims in the Ottoman Empire

1875
Tezong of China with a Reign Title of Guangxu, Reigned (1875-1908) of the Qing Dynesty.
Taiwan Island is divided into two prefectures, north and south.
Bosnia and Herzegovina rebel against Turkey.
Measles arrived among the Fijans killing 40,000 about 1/3 of the population.
1876
Between 1876 to 1879, drought caused 25,250,000 deaths in East, Southern and Central Indians died of famine due to a failed monsoon and resulting drought in China for the same period cause 13,000,000 deaths.  A cyclone at Backerganj (Barisal, Bangladesh) October 29 contributed 200,000 to the death total, including resulting famine.
Between 1876-1877 cholera kills 3 million in India.
Queen Victoria of England becomes Empress of India.
Cesare Lombroso publishes his influential work L'uomo deliquente, which contains a lengthy chapter on the genetically criminal character of the Gypsy (Roma). This is translated into many languages, including German and English, and has a profound effect upon western legal attitudes.
Records for Morocco in 1876 show that market prices for slaves varied from £10 ($48) to £30 ($140).  Female slaves comprised the vast majority of sales with "attractive virgins" fetching between £40 to £80 ($192 - $386).  It was reported that "a considerable majority of the slaves crossing the Sahara were destined to become concubines in North Africa, the Middle East and occasionally even further a field."

Mr. Maloney with two companions forcibly removed his three children from the poor house saying he hadn’t agreed to their deportation to Canada.  Lilian Birt, the founder of the Home said the unreasonableness of this outraged father is a result of the priest who consigned him to purgatory or even Hell if he did not take his children out of a Protestant institution. Between 1869 and 1940 between 80,000-100,000 children are deported to Canada many without the parents knowledge or consent. See 1869.
1878
The Congree of Berlin imposed a peace settlement on the Balkan states (Yugoslavia).  Leo XIII alias Gioacchino Vincenzo Pecci (1878-1903) is elected pope.
Bishop Strossmayer of Bosnia wrote that Hungarians know no policy except blind hate, and aversion towards Slav's.  In the Austrian monarchy the Slav's are appressed by the Magyars and Germans; in the Balkins Peninsula the Greeks are subjugating and oppressing the Slav's, while the Turks and Russians, Roumanians and Serbs by the throat.  Turkey is also surpressing the Greeks and Slav's within Turkey.
1879
Josef Vissarionovitch Djugashvili (Stalin) is born at Gori in Georgia.
1880
Franklin Coxworthy (1848-1890) of England was a proponent of Abraham Ortel's (1527-1598) Continental Drift theory aka Plate Tectonics.
Temperature records - mainly from the northern hemisphere ‚ show that the present phase of global warming actually began in the 1880s, before the man-made greenhouse effect got going.
1881
Pius IX (1846-1878) who died three years earlier is being moved when a Roman mob attacked the procession and attempted to fling his body into the Tiber.  This historic judgment is usually reserved for those popes considered as an anti-Christ.  Pope Leo XIII (1878-1903) gave a grudging recognition to democracy.
A cholera pandemic spread worldwide in 1881 to 1896.
Russian Tsar Alexander II is assassinated.
Osmond Fisher (1817-1914) a geologist this year proposed 'Continental Drift' aka 'Plate Tectonics' and he was ridiculed and ignored like Alexander von Humboldt (1769-1859) in 1800.  Many books were published about this time about Continental Drift theory and the evidence was overwhelming.   The scientific community however tenaciously held on to their Solid State Theory.
September 15:  A typhoon hit Haiphong, Vietnam killing 300,000 people
1882
Leopold II of Belgium takes the Congo.
Pogroms (organized massacre) in Russia against Jews prompt large-scale Jewish migration from Eastern Europe.
June 6: A cyclone hit Bombay, India resulting in the death of 100,000 people.

1883
Mussolini is born July 29 at Varnano dei Costra.  An Englishmen formalized Eugenics, the final solution that would be widely adopted and reach its peak under Hitler in Germany.  It is noteworthy that later Churchill and many others would support this race superiority philosophy.
April 26: Krakatoa aka Krakatao or Krakatowa an island between Java and Sumatra erupted.  A tsunami resulted killing many ocean shore villages, the death toll was estimated at 36 thousand people.   Ash rose 30 miles high.   The next day was dark and no sunrise before the big one finally came.  Previous eruptions were recorded in 416 and 535 A.D.
August 27: At 10:00 A.M.  The eruption of Krakatau, Indonesia generated a massive water wave, 100 feet high in some areas,  that swept over the shores of Java and Sumatra, killing 36,000 people.   It was equal to 13,000 Atomic bombs going off at one time.  It produced the loudest sound in recorded history, 180 dBSPL 100 miles away.  It was heard in Australia 2,200 miles away and in Rodrigues near Mauritius, 3,000 miles away.  It was 20 times greater than Mt. St. Helens.  It was the second largest eruption in modern history only dwarfed by Tambora, Indonesia in 1815.  Pyroplastic flow covered 30 miles over water and 2 miles up a hill in Sumatra to kill 1,000 people.   For years after Krakateau, the world experienced unseasonably global cool into the 2oth century, and brilliant sunsets, and prolonged twilights due to the spread of aerosols throughout the stratosphere.  A year later bodies were still washing up on the African coast.
1884
Britain invaded Sudan a country two thirds the size of India.
The French invade Formosa (Taiwan).
The Berlin Conference awarded the Sahara to Spain and they called it Spanish Sahara.

1885
Britain invaded Egypt to protect their international shipping route to India.  It said its occupation would be for a short time, which lasted until 1954.
China considers Taiwan a Province of China
1886
France passed the Ferry Laws prohibiting members of religious orders to teach in public schools.
East Indian independence movement begins.
Chancellor von Bismarck issues a directive to the governments of all regions of Germany alerting them to "complaints about the mischief caused by bands of Gypsies traveling in the Reich, and their increasing molestation of the population," and states that foreign Roma are to be dealt with in particular. This leads to the creation of many regional policies designed to deport non-German-born Roma.
1887
September to October the Yellow River in China floods killing 900 thousand to 2 million people.
Indian explorer John Nouri locates Noah's Ark and proposed recovering it for the 1900 World Fair.
1888
The Horn of Africa famine of 1888 involving Ethiopia, Sudan & Somalia resulted in 1 million deaths.
1889
Hitler, son of a customs official, is born at Braunau-am-Inn, an Austro Bavarian town.
The Russian flu (1889-1890) swept the world killing an estimated 1% of the worlds population.
Aspirin, an American Indian drug, is introduced into Germany.
1890
The British Parliament passed the Barnardo Act to legalize agencies practice of seizing abandoned, neglected or orphaned children without parental permission and ship them to the new worlds.  Canada received 100,000 of these 'Home Children' between 1869-1930's.  At this time children were considered as property and not considered persons and therefore had no rights.  The children were also shipped to USA and Australia.
1891
Pope Leo XIII (1878-1903) upheld private property, just wage, workers rights, trade unions and social justice.  The pope is obsessed with the recovery of the papal states and temporal power of the holy see.  He is forced to renew Pope Pius IX ban on participation by Catholics in elections thereby restricting the church's influence in the New Italy.
A major crop failure encourages Ukrainian migration to the Western Canadian Prairies.
1893
Pope Leo XIII (1878-1903) an encyclical Rerum Novarum (Concerning New Things), sharply criticized both capitalism and socialism.  He said that the state itself should act to remove serious abuses.  He stated freedom and truths are incompatible as truth must be enforced by the state at the church's command wherever possible.
1894
The Japan China war of 1894-1895 was over Korea.  Japan wanted to annex Korea and/or prevent China or Russia from annexing it.  This belief was fostered in the clash of 1882 and again in 1884.
1895
Pope Leo XIII (1878-1903) pronounced the Anglican Church invalid.
Qing only controlled about 45% of Taiwan when the Island was ceded to Japan.  They renamed the Island Takasago Koku aka Formosa (Taiwan).  The Japanese name was used since 1592.  Japan ruled Formosa (Taiwan) until WW-II.
Vladimir IIich Ulyanov (Lenin) (1870-1924) is deported to Siberia (1895-1900)
A.B. 'Banjo' Paterson (1864-1941) in his poems, this decade, did more to define the Australian Outback and its unique culture than any other person.  One of his most famous poems is:
      WALTZING MATILDA
Oh! there once was a swagman camped in the Billabong,
Under the shade of a Coolabah tree;
And he sang as he looked at his old billy boiling,
"Who'll come a-waltzing Matilda with me."

Who'll come a-waltzing Matilda, my darling,
Who'll come a-waltzing Matilda with me?
Waltzing Matilda and leading a water-bag---
Who'll come a-waltzing Matilda with me?
Down came a jumbuck to drink at the water-hole,
Up jumped the swagman and grabbed him in glee;
And he sang as he put him away in his tucker-bag,
"You'll come a-waltzing Matilda with me!"
Down came the Squatter a-riding his thoroughbred;
Down came Policeman --one, two and three.
"Whose is the jumbuck you've got in the tucker-bag?
You'll come a waltzing Matilda with me."
But the swagman, he up and jumped in the water-hole,
Drowning himself by the Coolabah tree;
And his ghost may be heard as it sings in the Billabomg,
"Who'll come a-waltzing Matilda with me?"

The poem uses slang from the period:
Matilda = bedroll
Waltzing Matilda = drifting around the outback
Swagman = itinerant worker
Squatter = landholder
Jumback = sheep      

March 1: The Italian-Ethiopian War commenced when General Oreste Barratieni led 14,500 Italian troops against Menilek's well-armed 100,000 man army.  The Italian line crumbled sending the 5,400 surviving Italians into full retreat.
April 17:  The treaty of Shimonoseki saw China recognized total independendence of Korea, and China ceded the Liaodone Peninsula, Taiwan and Penghu Islands to Japan in Perpetuity.
October 21: Taiwan had declared independence so Japan invaded and captured the major cities.
1896
Pope Leo XIII (1878-1903) issued Satis cognitum inviting both Orthodox and Protestants to return to Rome and specifically avoided any mention of schism.  He however rejected a federation of churches as falling far short of the true mystical body of Christ.
The Austro-Hungarian monarchy is a patchwork quilt, the national chain-gang of Europe, a state that is not a nation but a collection of nations.  Yet it has survived formidable European coalitions to dismember it.  All nations of the coalition hate the government but they hate each other.  The government uses an abundance of Roman Catholic priests to teach them to be docile and obedient and they censor the press towards this end.  Sometimes the censor suck all the blood out of the newspaper leaving it colorless and inane.  The army is everywhere.  Parliament is split with Clericals, the Progressists, the German Nationalists, the Young Czechs, the Social Democrats, Christian Socialists and others.  Sultin Abbul Hamid between 1894-1896 of the Ottoman Turks exterminated over 200,000 Armenian infidels (myrtyrs) using the Jihad, the Islamic Law, the Sheri (Sharia) law to justify the genocide.
Famine again visited East India killing some 5,000,000 people, some say this famine (1896-1902) resulted in 19 million deaths..
The Philippine rebellion started this year to drive the Spanish from the Philippines.
June 15:  The Sanriku tsunami strikes Japan.  A wave estimated at (23 M) 75 feet hit a crowd gathered to celebrate a religious festival, killing between 22,000 to 28,000 people along the coast.


1897
Pope Leo XIII (1878-1903) established new norms for censorship and in 1900 a new index that denied any real significance to Christian Democracy in Italy.  The Roman Church barbaric castration of boys for adult sopranos ended about this time having originated in Constantinople.  Religious dogma also led some pious men to emasculate themselves to avoid sexual sin or temptation.  This barbaric practice persisted into the twentieth century in Russia.
Leo Tolstroy, a Russian novelist, proposed that the Doukhobor Sect be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.  This infuriated the Russian Orthodox Church and caused more trouble for this religious group.  Tolstroy would in 1899 provide the funds to ship some 7,500 Doukhobors to Canada.
The most powerful earthquake known hits India.



1898- Hawaii is annexed to USA
1898
Hawaiian Islands
6,450
Annexation of independent republic; statehood 1959

1898
As part of the Spanish-American war the Philippines was liberated from Spain.  The Americans paid Spain 20 million dollars for the Philippine rights.  The Philippines however declared their independence.


1899
American Samoa
76
Annexed in settlement withBritain and Germany
1899
Wake Island
3
Annexation of unoccupied area

1899
As a result of the Vatican stance against Democracy they are excluded from the first Hague International Peace Conference summoned by the Tsar Nicholas II of Russia (1895-1917) to discuss the limitation of armaments.
The Doukhbour a traditionalist sect of the Russian Orthodox Church are outcasts because they rejected icon worship, practice pacifism, practice humanitarian love, communal life and believe all people are equal.  Some 7,500 men, women and children embark this year for Saskatchewan Canada.  The Federal Government of Canada promised them they could practice their communal land and village system, use their Russian language schools and practice their pacifist beliefs as the early Christians had done before them.
An estimated 2.4 million people were exterminated by the British as a result of a 5 year war in the kingdoms of Bunyord/Mengo (Buyaga, Bugangaizi) in mid-western Uganda.  The invading British pillaged, raped and murdered the People.  They introduced syphilis which became an epidemic.  Those they didn't kill were hounded out of their prime lands to make room for British settlers.  Large tracts of lands were depopulated.
In Sweden, this century, 600 people, including nearly 200 women, were beheaded.

The Anglo-Boer War of South Africa (1899-1902) resulted in the loss of independence of the Boer Republic (Transvaal) and Orange Free State of South Africa.  The Afrikaners (Boers) are enraged with the 18,000 to 28,000 women and children who died in British concentration camps, as compared to only 7,000 Boers who died in battle.  The British atrocities predate German concentration camps in the next century.  The world has long forgotten this genocide activity.  Unfortunately the Afrikaners (Europeans born in Africa) adopted the British racial philosophy.  They ruled over their Black servants like feudal squires of medieval British times.  Some say the Afrikaners lost their soul when they adopted British ways, lost their capacity to give, lost their faculty of compassion, lost our culture.  Resentment runs so deep that modern Afrikaners were heard to say "I'd rather have him (his son) marry a Black girl than an English girl".  In the late twentith century 7.2% of Afrikaners have nonwhite blood in their veins.  It should be noted that as early as 1671 three-quarters of all children born to Dutch East India Company slaves were mixed blood.




1890-Nov29,1890=establishment of Jap Meiji Militia

1900
Only nineteen percent of Londoners went to church regularly and the numbers would continue to drop.
Vladimir IIich Ulyanov (Lenin) (1870-1924) is exiled from Russia.
Frederick Nieizsche, the philosopher, died of syphilis having proclaimed, "God is dead and we have killed him."  His sister Elizabeth Nieizsche Forster would distort his life work to her own ends.  She created the Philosophy of "The Will to Power" that is the basis of the Fascist and Nazi philosophy.  This philosophy would receive strong support from the Roman Catholic Church and many other western institutions.  These evil ideas were acquired from her husband Bernard Forster, a school teacher and anti-Semitic, who committed suicide last century.  No other woman would have a greater impact on the world, this century, than this typical Aryan grandmother looking woman.

1902
The Third International Congress for the Welfare and Protection of Children held in London saw the Reverend Marshall G. Vine, warden of Red Hill Reformatory (that sends boy slaves to Canada) established a general rule that boys ought never to return to parents who plan to sweat them.  The audience boisterously responded with a hearty Hear, Hear.
Between 1869 and 1940 80,000 to 100,000 children age 2 years to 15 years are deported to Canada were it is estimated 50% were sweated (mistreated, abused and neglected). Many were sold into farm slavery for a profit.  For more information go to: British Home Children
May 7 or 8:  Mount Pelee, Martinique erupted killing 29 thousand people.

1903
Panama Canal Zone
553
Leased from Panama for $10 million, plus $250,000 annually; ceded to Panamain 1999
1903
Ellinor Close this year proposed 7,000 2 to 3 year olds be deported and thereby trained in New Brunswick at Canadian expense and returned to England when employable.  The Times praised the scheme because the children are to be the ailing and feeble-minded therefore England would not be bled of her best stock.  Ellinor Close's Children's Farm Association did implement the plan for several years. The death rate in these New Brunswick institutions reached 80% per year in some years. The abuse both sexual and physical was reported to run high.
Pius X Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto (1903-1914) with the motto to restore all things in Christ is elected pope.  Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria had vetoed Cardinal Rampolla the favorite candidate for pope.  After being elected to clarify his position he said his intention is to be a religious rather than a political pope.   He established the Gregorian chant as the model of ideal church music.
1904
Pope Pius X insisted unyieldingly on church rights that led to a diplomatic break with France and church property is transferred to lay associations.
Golda Meir, in her autobiography, reported Pope Pius X (1903-1914) as saying, "We can't prevent Jews from going to Jerusalem, but we would never sanction it... the Jews have not recognized our Lord; we can't recognize the Jews."   This misguided statement by the leader of the most powerful Roman Church is directed against its own founding culture.  God's own chosen people stand as a symbol of the corrupt nature of Christianity during this century.
The Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905) was over territorial claims of Manchuria and Korea.  The embarrassing string of defeats increased the Russian populaces dissatisfaction resulting in the Russian Revolution of 1905.  Russia agreed to vacate Manchuria and Korea.  This was the first major victory of an Asian power over a European one.  Russia lost virtually its entire Pacific and Baltic fleets, and also lost international esteem.
1905
Pope Pius X (1903-1914) for fear of socialism partly lifted the ban on Catholics participation in elections as a matter of faith.  He considered modernism as a synthesis of all heresies.
Guzie
Norway and Sweden separate.
1906
LIVERPOOL, ENGLAND
(I)-Harry Parker alias Hugh Pimlett changed his name for reasons not known, born Liverpool, England, killed 1917 world war II in France married about 1906 most probably Liverpool, England (I)-Margaret O'Neil born Liverpool, England died, October 31, 1934, Vancouver, British Columbia.  (This could be the Hugh Pimlett born, January 4, 1874, Norton in Hales, Shropshire, England, son Agnes Mary Pimlett).
FIVE CHILDREN WERE RECORDED:
(II)-Charlie Parker born about 1907 Vancouver, British Columbia, drowned English Bay age 15 years.
(II)-Frank Parker was born about 1908, Vancouver, British Columbia
(II)-Bill Parker born about 1909, Vancouver, British Columbia
(II)-Gladys Parker born, May 2, 1911, Vancouver, British Columbia died, June 6, 1968, Rome, Italy, married, February 11, 1938, Vancouver, British Columbia a (7)-Louis Monroe born, November 1, 1909, Vancouver, British Columbia.
(II)-Edith Parker born about 1912 Vancouver, British Columbia
O'Neil, a fairly common name in Irish denotes of the Grandfather of Neil, origin Gael meaning champion, from Norse Njall descendants of ancient Royal family of Tara, they are said to have the oldest traceable genealogy in Europe from 360.
Parker is an occupational name for gamekeeper.  Pimlett is from medieval female Pymme, Pimme short form of Euphemia a Greek name.
About this time (I)-Harry Parker alias Hugh Pimlett born Liverpool, England sailed for Canada and may have been married to Margaret O'Neil born Liverpool, England.
Against the advice of most of the bishops Pope Pius X (1903-1914) prohibited any compromise settlement concerning the Law of Separation of church and state thereby securing in his mind the churches independence.  The price to be paid by the Vatican is material ruin.
On February 17th, the Prussian Minister of the Interior issues a directive entitled Die Bekämpfung des Zigeunerunwesens ("Combatting the Gypsy nuisance") which lists bilateral agreements guaranteeing the expulsion of Roma from those countries, with the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Belgium, Denmark, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Russia and Switzerland. Police are authorized to prosecute Roma for breaking the law, which offenses include "lighting fires in the woods, illegal fishing, illegal camping" and so on. Temporary school attendance is forbidden for children whose families are traveling through an area



1907
The Chinese famine of 1907 resulted in the death of 24 million people.
Millions starve during the Russian famine.
The bubonic plague kills 1.3 million in India.
1908
The Kaiser of Germany said God has called us to civilize the world.  Some suggest the Kaiser suffered from an inferiority complex because of a deformed arm.
An earthquake of magnitude 7.2 hit Messina, Sicily killing 70,000 people but the resulting tsunami brought the total killed to 100 thousand people.
Bulgaria declares independence.
1907
Between 1902 and 1907 Britain made treaties with France, Japan and Russia but could not with the Ottoman Empire and Germany.
Lev (Leon) Davidovich Bronstein (Trotsky) (1879-1940) a Jewish Russian is deported to Western Siberia where he escaped.
1908
An earthquake at Messina, Italy killed 100 thousand people.
1909
(Pui) of China with a Reign Title of Xuantong, Reigned (1909-1911) so ends the Qing Dynesty.
The Younger Turk regime carried on the genocide of the Armenian infidels by executing 25,000 martyrs.   The fundamental belief of the Jihad, based on Sheri (Sharia) Islamic law is used to justify these atrocities.
London; An ordnance is issued that children who pull a horses tail be placed on a wooden horse for 2 hours and whipped.
1910
Pope Pius X (1903-1914) refused to receive ex-President Theodore Roosevelt because he had lectured in a Methodist church in Rome.  This angered the American people.  The pope forced all clergy to take an oath disavowing modernism.  This caused worldwide embarrassing harassment of scholars that widened the breach between church and intelligentsia. People called this a form of thought control. He believed that modernism had an objective to replace Jesus Christ in the family, the school, and the community in general.  He prohibited the use of the veto in future papal elections.
Canon law 1325: No Catholic can debate matters of faith with non-Catholics.
Canon law 1386: No priest can publish a book, contribute to newspapers or magazines with out Bishop approval.
South Africa became a union within the British Empire.  A sad and sorry ending to the Boer Republics of South Africa.
Japan would annex Korea in 1910, with scant protest from other powers.










====1909; Australian Native Children stolen from parents to be repeated after divided Korean Peninsula seized fire between Russia and USA; Korean children were soldout of Korea after USA Occupation of Korean Peninsula just like British stoled Australian Native children; The Stolen Generations (also known as Stolen children) were the children of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander descent who were removed from their families by the Australian Federal and State government agencies and church missions, under acts of their respective parliaments. The removals occurred in the period between approximately 1909[1]and 1969,[2][3] although in some places children were still being taken until the 1970s.[4][5][6]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stolen_Generations
More recent usage was Peter Read's 1981 publication of The Stolen Generations: The Removal of Aboriginal Children in New South Wales 1883 to 1969.[3] The 1997 publication of Bringing Them Home – Report of the National Inquiry into the Separation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children from Their Families[15] brought broader awareness of the Stolen Generations;
This supposed that the civilisation of northern Europeans was superior to that of Aborigines, based on comparative technological advancement. Some adherents to these beliefs considered any proliferation of mixed-descent children (labelled 'half-castes',[25][27] 'crossbreeds', 'quadroons' and 'octoroons'[28]) to be a threat to the nature and stability of the prevailing civilisation, or to a perceived racial or civilisational "heritage".[29] For example, in the 1930s, the Northern Territory Protector of Natives, Dr. Cecil Cook, perceived the continuing rise in numbers of "half-caste" children as a problem. His proposed solution[30] was:
Generally by the fifth and invariably by the sixth generation, all native characteristics of the Australian Aborigine are eradicated. The problem of our half-castes will quickly be eliminated by the complete disappearance of the black race, and the swift submergence of their progeny in the white.
Similarly, the Chief Protector of Aborigines in Western Australia, A. O. Neville, wrote in an article for The West Australian in 1930:
Eliminate in future the full-blood and the white and one common blend will remain. Eliminate the full blood and permit the white admixture and eventually the race will become white.[31]


The child removal legislation resulted in widespread removal of children from their parents and exercise of sundry guardianship powers by Aboriginal protectors over Aborigines up to the age of 16 or 21. Policemen or other agents of the state (such as 'Aboriginal Protection Officers') were given the power to locate and transfer babies and children of mixed descent from their mothers or families or communities into institutions. In these Australian states and territories, half-caste institutions (both government and missionary) were established in the early decades of the 20th century for the reception of these separated children.[34] Examples of such institutions include Moore River Native Settlement in Western Australia,Doomadgee Aboriginal Mission in Queensland, Ebenezer Mission in Victoria and Wellington Valley Mission in New South Wales.
The exact number of children removed is unknown, and disputed within a large range. The Bringing Them Home Report is often quoted as saying that "at least 100,000" children were removed from their parents, but this figure is arrived at by multiplying the Aboriginal population in 1994 (303,000), by the report's maximum estimate of "one in three". This is not something done in the actual report which stated "between one in three and one in ten" which referred only to children. The real figures are difficult to establish, given differing populations over a long period of time, different policies at different times in different states, and incomplete records. Australian historian Robert Manne suggests "approximately 20,000 to 25,000" were removed between 1910 and 1970, based on the Australian Bureau of Statistics report of 1994.[35] Other writers, such as Keith Windschuttle, have argued for a much lower figure.
The Bringing Them Home Report stated:
Nationally we can conclude with confidence that between one in three and one in ten Indigenous children were forcibly removed from their families and communities in the period from approximately 1910 until 1970. In certain regions and in certain periods the figure was undoubtedly much greater than one in ten. In that time not one family has escaped the effects of forcible removal (confirmed by representatives of the Queensland and WA Governments in evidence to the Inquiry). Most families have been affected, in one or more generations, by the forcible removal of one or more children.[36]
The report closely examined the distinctions between "forcible removal", "removal under threat or duress", "official deception", "uninformed voluntary release", and "voluntary release".[37] The evidence indicated that in a large number of cases children were brutally and forcibly removed from their parent or parents,[38] possibly even from the hospital shortly after their birth.[39] Aboriginal Protection Officers often made the judgement on removal. In some cases, families were required to sign legal documents to relinquish care to the state. In Western Australia, the Aborigines Act 1905 removed the legal guardianship of Aboriginal parents and made their children all legal wards of the state, so no parental permission was required.[40]
At the time, some members of Parliament objected to the amendment; one member stated it enabled the board to "steal the child away from its parents", and at least two members argued that the amendment would result in children being subjected to unpaid labour tantamount to "slavery".[9]
In 1911, the Chief Protector of Aborigines in South Australia, William Garnet South, reportedly "lobbied for the power to remove Aboriginal children without a court hearing because the courts sometimes refused to accept that the children were neglected or destitute". South argued that "all children of mixed descent should be treated as neglected".[42] His lobbying reportedly played a part in the enactment of the Aborigines Act 1911; this made him the legal guardian of every Aboriginal child in South Australia, including so-called "half-castes".[42]


One first hand account referring to events in 1935 stated:
I was at the post office with my Mum and Auntie [and cousin]. They put us in the police ute and said they were taking us to Broome. They put the mums in there as well. But when we'd gone [about ten miles (16 km)] they stopped, and threw the mothers out of the car. We jumped on our mothers' backs, crying, trying not to be left behind. But the policemen pulled us off and threw us back in the car. They pushed the mothers away and drove off, while our mothers were chasing the car, running and crying after us. We were screaming in the back of that car. When we got to Broome they put me and my cousin in the Broome lock-up. We were only ten years old. We were in the lock-up for two days waiting for the boat to Perth.[37]
The report discovered that removed children were, in most cases, placed into institutional facilities operated by religious or charitable organisations, although a significant number, particularly females, were "fostered" out. Children taken to such places were frequently punished if caught speaking local indigenous languages, and the intention was specifically to prevent them being socialised in Aboriginal cultures, and raise the boys as agricultural labourers and the girls as domestic servants. Many Europeans at the time worked in similar occupations.[43]

A common aspect of the removals was the failure by these institutions to keep records of the actual parentage of the child, or such details as the date or place of birth. As is stated in the report:
… the physical infrastructure of missions, government institutions and children's homes was often very poor and resources were insufficient to improve them or to keep the children adequately clothed, fed and sheltered.[44]
The report said that among the 502 inquiry witnesses, 17% of female witnesses and 7.7% of male witnesses reported experiencing a sexual assault while in an institution, at work, or with a foster or adoptive family.[44]


 Most notably, the study indicated that removed Aboriginal people were actually less likely to have completed a secondary education, three times as likely to have acquired a police record and were twice as likely to use illicit drugs.[45]






Less doubtful is the negative social & psychological impact of being separated from their families and extended families, an implication now generally recognised, but not well understood by authorities at the time.
By around the age of 18 the children were released from government control and where it was available were sometimes allowed to view their government file. According to the testimony of one Aboriginal person:
I was requested to attend at the Sunshine Welfare Offices, where they formerly (sic) discharged me from State wardship. It took the Senior Welfare Officer a mere 20 minutes to come clean, and tell me everything that my heart had always wanted to know...that I was of 'Aboriginal descent', that I had a Natural mother, father, three brothers and a sister, who were alive...He placed in front of me 368 pages of my file, together with letters, photos and birthday cards. He informed me that my surname would change back to my Mother's maiden name of Angus.[46]
I've got everything that could be reasonably expected: a good home environment, education, stuff like that, but that's all material stuff. It's all the non-material stuff that I didn't have — the lineage… You know, you've just come out of nowhere; there you are.[37]
I guess the government didn't mean it as something bad but our mothers weren't treated as people having feelings…Who can imagine what a mother went through? But you have to learn to forgive.[47]
I was put in a mission dormitory when I was eight, nine. I cried for two nights, then I was right with the rest of those kids. We weren't stolen; our family was there. It was a good system. Or a better system than now. At least my generation learnt to read and write properly.[48]

Robert Manne argues that the expressed views of government bureaucrats, such as A.O. Neville, to merge the Aboriginal race into the white population by means of "breeding out the colour", and therefore eventually resulting in the former being "forgotten", bore strong similarities to the views of the Nazis in 1930s Nazi Germany.[60] Manne points out that, though the term 'genocide' had not yet entered the English language, the policies of Neville and others were termed by some contemporaries as the 'die out' or 'breed out' policy, giving an indication of their proposed intent.[60] Nevertheless, he also states that it is now "generally acknowledged" by academics that the authors of the Bringing Them Home report were wrong to argue that Australian authorities had committed genocide by removing indigenous children from their families, because assimilation has never been regarded in law as equivalent to genocide.[60]


In 2000, Phillip Knightley summed up the Stolen Generations in these terms:
This cannot be over-emphasized—the Australian government literally kidnapped these children from their parents as a matter of policy. White welfare officers, often supported by police, would descend on Aboriginal camps, round up all the children, separate the ones with light-coloured skin, bundle them into trucks and take them away. If their parents protested they were held at bay by police.[70]



Lyn Austin, chairwoman of Stolen Generations Victoria, stated her view on why she believed an apology was necessary, recalling her experiences as a stolen child:
I thought I was being taken just for a few days. I can recall seeing my mother standing on the side of the road with her head in her hands, crying, and me in the black FJ Holden wondering why she was so upset. A few hundred words can't fix this all but it's an important start and it's a beginning[...] I see myself as that little girl, crying myself to sleep at night, crying and wishing I could go home to my family. Everything's gone, the loss of your culture, the loss of your family, all these things have a big impact.[77]
The text of the apology did not make reference to compensation to Aboriginal people as a whole or to members of the Stolen Generations specifically.

Crowds turn their backs part way through Brendan Nelson's apology reply.[85]
The Alice Springs Crown Prosecutor Nanette Rogers with great courage revealed to the nation in 2006 the case of a four-year-old girl drowned while being raped by a teenager who had been sniffing petrol. She told us of the two children – one a baby – sexually assaulted by two men while their mothers were off drinking alcohol. Another baby was stabbed by a man trying to kill her mother.[84]
Nelson's speech was considered controversial and received mixed reactions. Thousands of people who had gathered in Canberra and Melbourne turned their backs on the screens displaying Nelson giving his speech, while in Perth people booed and jeered until the screen was eventually switched off. In Parliament House's Great Hall elements of the audience began a slow clap, with some finally turning their backs. There were similar reactions and walk-outs in Sydney and elsewhere.[85]
After the ceremony the House of Representatives unanimously adopted the proposed motion, although six members of Nelson's opposition caucus--Don Randall, Sophie Mirabella, Dennis Jensen, Wilson Tuckey, Luke Simpkins and Alby Schultz--made themselves absent in protest at the apology.[85]
On 1 August 2007, in a decision in the Supreme Court of South Australia by Justice Thomas Gray, Bruce Trevorrow, a member of the Stolen Generation, was awarded $775,000 compensation.[92] The SA government announced that it would pay the compensation awarded to Trevorrow but at the same time, seek to review in the High Court to clarify the court's findings of law and fact.
Trevorrow did not have long to celebrate his victory in the courts. He died in Victoria on 20 June 2008, at the age of 51, less than a year after the court decision.
The West Australian newspaper reported Trevorrow's story as follows:
Mr. Trevorrow was separated from his mother in December 1957 after he was admitted to Adelaide's Children's Hospital with gastroenteritis. More than six months later, his mother wrote to the state's Aboriginal Protection Board, which had fostered him out, asking when she could have her son back. "I am writing to ask if you would let me know how Bruce is and how long before I can have him back home," she wrote in July 1958. "I have not forgot I got a baby in there". The Court was told the board lied to her, writing her son was "making good progress" and that the doctors still needed him for treatment.[93]
Andrew Bolt of the Herald Sun newspaper stated:
As Gray ruled: "Mrs. Angas may have been well-intentioned . . . but was well aware, or ought to have been aware, that the removal of the plaintiff from his family, and his placement with the Davies family, was undertaken in circumstances that were understood to be without legal authority, beyond power and contrary to authoritative legal advice."
That illegality, said Gray, was why Bruce Trevorrow deserved a payout."[94]
(See Bringing them Home, Appendix 6[95] for a listing and interpretation of South Australian acts regarding 'Aborigines' and Bringing them home education module[96] regarding relevant South Australian law and policy.)










-----------------------
1910-Jap invade/enslave Korea
; Old-China, Manchu-Three Kingdom Korean Monarchy
collapse as of 1910.

-------------

1911- New China is established in 1911.
1911
China proclaimed itself as a Republic, mainland.
The Yangtze River in China flooded killing 100,000 people.
September:   Italy declared war on the Ottoman Empire (Turkey) eager to lay hands on Tripolitania.  Her fleet conquered Rhodes and the Dodecanese.  Portugal declared a separation of church and state under protest from the Vatican.  At the same time Pope Pius X (1903-1914) supported the Catholic minorities in Poland and Ireland angering the Russian and British Governments.
1912
Germany drafted pre-war plans this year of military conquest and world domination and they were published and circulated among business leaders.  Industry were invited to support the Kaisers war policy because it would be a profitable business for ourselves.  The House of Hohenzollern regarded war as a necessity for the maintenance of the military system, upon the power of which the dynasty was based.
Serbia wanted one national government for all Serb people in Turkey then  Hungary.  The Balkan states declared war against Turkey. This is called the First Balkan War. The Serb next looked toward the Hapsburg Empire seeking assistance from Russia.
Two thousand strikes this year in England reflect a deep-rooted dissatisfaction with conditions.  Russia also had about 2,000 strikes this same year.
The last Emperors of China Manchus 1644 - 1912 ordered slaves to ware pigtails so they could be easily identified.
Alfred Wegenar (1880-1930) developed his 'Continental Drift' aka 'Plate Tectonics' theory which he published in 1915 as "The Origin of Continents and Oceans".  Some contend he originated the theory of 'Continental Drift' aka 'Plate Tectonics' but this is not true as the theory has been around for thousands of years going back before Genesis.  This theory was considered eccentric and preposterous and the 'Solis State Theory' remained firmly entrenched for another 50 years.  The scientific community was shocked and hostile with comments such as:
"Utter, damned Rot" President of American Philosophical Society.
If we believe this hypothesis, we must forget everything we have learned in the last 70 years and start all over again.
Anyone who valued his reputation for scientific sanity would never support such a theory.
More recently in the late 19th century about 20-30 years before Alfred Wegenar continental drift was quite popular among common folks but the scientific community didn't embrace it until  the 1960's
July 26:  Streets in the dock district of London are filled with hollow-eyed women and children.  Many have died wholly from starvation.  The number of victims is so great that the authorities and private charitable organizations are unable to cope with the situation.
1913
This year is called the 2nd Balkan War.
Germany began to mobilize by allotting huge sums of money to war materials.  The Kaiser is determined to build a navy greater than England to dominate world trade like England had done.  France passed a law increasing military service to three years.
1914
Germany and Austria-Hungary made a military alliance.  Gavrilo Princip (1895-1918) at Sarajevo  assassinated Austrian Archduke Fanz Ferdinand (1863-1914) and his Czech wife in Sarajevo (Yugoslavia) sparking the First World War.  The Serbs considered Princip as a hero.  Serbia refused to assist authorities in bringing the guilty parties to justice.  Ferdinand is field marshal of the Austro-Hungarian army.  Austria believed the new Greater Serbia and Yugoslav would eventually attack so war is declared.  Germany is an ally of Austria and is dragged into the war.  General mobilization for war took place in the following order, Serbia, Russia, Austria, France and Germany.  France aligned itself on the side of the Serbs and Russians.  Germany mobilized nearly 14 million men over the next four years of war.  Charles I, Francois, (1892-1989) (the last of the Habsburge's) is made Emperor of Austria and Hungary following the death of his uncle.
Benedict XV alias Giacomo Della Chiesa (1914-1922) is elected pope.  He retained strict neutrality and abstained from condemning any participants in the First World War.  Germany offered to give Rome back to the holy see after defeating Italy.  The pope dreaded Orthodox Russian expansion in the event of an Allied victory.  Pope Benedict XV (1914-1922) lifted the church ban on modernism hoping it would recover some of the lost authority of the church.  He also encouraged a native clergy and asked the missionaries to seek the welfare of the people and not the imperialist interests of their own country of origin.  The missionaries however continued to serve the Imperialist interests of the Church rather than the interests of the people.  In Canada, the belief of one God, one Church and one King is firmly entrenched in the French Church Dogma.  In practice it is one King (French culture), one French Church and maybe some room for God.
A new law prohibits all further immigration of Gypsy (Roma) into Sweden. The law is very efficient and Gypsy (Roma) in Sweden are isolated from their relatives in other European countries. The law remains in effect until 1954. Norway and Denmark have similar laws during the same period.
1915
The Germans first used poison gas this year.  The Allies agreed with Italy that the Vatican should have no role in any peace treaty.  Pope Benedict XV (1914-1922) would consider this vengeful.
An earthquake of magnitude 7.0 hit Avezzano, Italy killing 32,610 people.
April 24:  The Turkish Interior Ministry issued an order for a Jihad against the Christian Armenian infidels.  Initially 2,345 leaders are arrested and subsequently executed.  It is estimated that 600,000 to 800,000 infidels (myrters) are executed this year alone.  About 559 known villages were converted to Islam by fire and sword, 568 churches pillaged, destroyed and razed to the ground, the churches not destroyed were converted to mosques.  Jihad (holy war) is a doctrine of Islam to Visualization of the world, using military institutions and tactics of war.  Jihad is an ideology of Islam that represents a permanent state of war against infidels until they submit to Islamic domination.
 Under the guise of the war the Ottoman Turks wiped out a third of the Armenian (Hayastan)  population.  It is estimated that 1.5 million Armenians myrters were massacred or died during forced marches, deportations and internments in the Syrian deserts.  Turkey a predominately Muslim country, to present times, denies that this genocide ever happened and brings economic pressure against countries that mentioned it.  The United Nations would recognize this massacre as would 25 countries including Canada in the future.  The leaders fled the country but were found guilty of genocide in absentia.  Six were eventually tracked down and executed.







1916;Although the Netherlands remained neutral during the First World War, it was heavily involved in the war.[25] The German general Count Schlieffen, who was Chief of the Imperial German General Staff, had originally planned to invade the Netherlands while advancing into France in the original Schlieffen Plan. This was changed by Schlieffen's successor,Helmuth von Moltke the Younger, in order to maintain Dutch neutrality. Later during the war Dutch neutrality proved essential to German survival until the blockade by the British Royal Navy in 1916, when the import of goods through the Netherlands was no longer possible. The Dutch were nevertheless able to continue to remain neutral during the war using their diplomacy and their ability to trade.[25]







1916
The battle of Verdun February 21, 1916 saw 700,000 dead and wounded.


1917
Virgin Islands
136
Purchased from Denmark for $25 million; currently an organized, unincorporated U.S. territory under jurisdiction of Office of Insular Affairs of the Dept. of the Interior

1917
The Russian Revolution began (1917-1920) and evolved into a civil war that would have a most profound impact on the world.
Lev (Leon) Davidovich Bronstein (Trotsky) (1879-1940) a Jewish Russian returned to Russia as a member of the Central Committee of the Bolshevik Party led by Vladimir IIich Ulyanov (Lenin) (1870-1924).
Photo's are taken of Noah's Ark by a Russian expedition, but claimed lost when the czar topples.
1918
The French lost 1,500,000 people killed and 3,000,000 wounded as a result of the First World War.   The American flu epidemic caused the death of 15 million people world wide.  See below, others suggest a much greater death toll.
The H1N1 flu pandemic commonly called the Spanish flu or the swine flu or American flu during the period of (1918-1920) resulted in 20 to 100 million deaths world wide.  Some fear it is returning in 2009.
Lev (Leon) Davidovich Bronstein (Trotsky) (1879-1940) a Jewish Russian created the Red Army
Yugoslavia is created from the Kingdom of Serb, Croat and Slovene assembled on the Balkan ruins of the Ottoman and Hapsburg empires.  Acrimony soon erupted between Catholic Croats and Orthodox Christian Serbo-Croats.  Iceland becomes a nation as does Hungary and Czechoslovakia.
March: Germany using its long range guns fired shells 75 miles to hit Paris.
October 16:  Charles I, Francois, (1892-1989) (the last of the Habsburge's) Emperor of Austria and Hungary declared a Austrian Federative State in an attempt to hold his empire together.  Hungary and Czechoslovakia however declared their independence.
November 11:  Charles I, Francois, (1892-1989) (the last of the Habsburge's) Emperor of Austria and Hungary was forced to abdicate and was exiled to Switzerland.
1919
The Russian Revolution had begun without violence but by 1920 the victims of execution, famine and epidemics numbered almost 7 million.
The Habsburg Austro-Hungarian dynasty that believed in the divine right of kings effectively ended with Emperor Karl Habsburg banishment this year.
May:   During an abortive Communist uprising around Munich's Palace of Justice in Germany, the Papal Nuncio is Eugenio Pacelli, who later would become Pope Pious XII.  While publicly denouncing the Red's as bestial murders of ten hostages, the Nuncio ignored the three hundred prisoners massacred by the White's.  In the final spasm of massacre and retreat, the Papal Nuncio's residence is repeatedly raked in crossfire.  The mob is coming to kill the future Pope who quickly dressed in his Bishops robes.  A gun is pointed at his head.  He suggests to them that it is never wise to kill a diplomat and his life is spared.  He would become an obsessed, inflexible, anti-Communist as a result of this incident, for the rest of his life.  This is considered a turning point for the Roman Church, becoming paranoid concerning Socialism and Communism while turning a blind eye to Fascism and other forms of religious racism.
May 19:  Mount Kelut, Indonesia erupted killing 5,115 people.   It had previously erupted in 1586 killing 10 thousand people.
1920
Most leading England scientists believe the earth has gone through swings from warm to cool.  They say the British Islands were once as cold as Greenland and earlier cinnamon and palm grew where London is now.  Then earlier covered with ice, then when the coal was laid down, a hot steaming, tropical forest.  They believe the world is again entering a warming period.
Nearly two years since the armistice was signed there are still 500.000 prisoners of war, half-starved, half-naked, awaiting repatriation in Germany, Russia, Siberia and Turkestan.  Most are Austrians, Chechs, Rumanians, Poles and Scerbs.  Some Russians are held in France.  The break-up of the Austro-H8ungarian Empire left thousands upon thousands of former subjects without a government to care for them.
The Nazi Party is formed this year in Germany called the National Socialist German Worker Party..
In Germany, psychiatrist Karl Binding and magistrate Alfred Hoche argue for the killing of those who are "Ballastexistenzen," i.e. whose lives are seen merely as ballast, or dead weight, within humanity; this includes Gypsy (Roma). The concept of Lebensunwertesleben, or "lives unworthy (or undeserving) of life," becomes central to Nazi race policy in 1933, when a law incorporating this same phrase is issued by Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) an Austrian, on July 14th that year.
January:  The worlds last public slave market is conducted in Wazzan, Morocco.  The slaves for sale are brought to Wazzan during the pilgrimage season, when pious Moslems pour into the city.
February 24:  Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) an Austrian lists his position; revoke Versailles Treaty, confiscate war profits, expropriate land without compensation, revoke civil rights for Jews, expel all Jews who emigrated into Germany after the war began.
July 27:  The Minister of Public Welfare in Düsseldorf forbids Gypsy (Roma) and Sinti from entering any public washing or recreational facilities (swimming pools, public baths, spas, parks).
November 10:  The final solution is to encourage German emigration.  They determined that 8,000,000 Germans will have to leave the Fatherland before a proper balance is established.
December 26:  Haiyuan, Ningxia-Gansu, China earthquake killed 240 thousand people.
1921
The Russian famine in the Ukraine of 1921 resulted in 5 million deaths.
A Canadian Dr. Jacques Pepin speculates that AIDS originated from a single bush hunter in Central Africa.  It was inadvertently spread by European doctors and nurses fighting tropical diseases without proper sterilization procedures.  They helped turn a virus infecting a lone ape hunter in Africa into a global epidemic with some 32 million victims by 2011.


1922
Kingman Reef
.4
Annexed 1922; later airline refueling; currently uninhabited; National Wildlife Refuge

1922
Russia is renamed as U.S.S.R.
The Benito Mussolini Il Duce (1883-1945) a socialist, gains power in Italy.  He promises to have the trains run on time.  He achieves this objective by shooting someone if it doesn't run on time.  The news was full of his brutality but all countries choose to look the other way.
The Papal Nuncio in Poland succeeded Pope Benedict XV and took, for himself, the name of Pious XI
Pius XI alias Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti (1922-1939) is elected pope.  His motto is Christ's peace in Christ's kingdom meaning that the Church and Christianity should be active in and not insulated from society.  Using the term kingdom however is already against the social trend toward democracy placing the church at odds with Christian principles.  His actions of introducing Catholic Action groups however inadvertently introduced the beginning of democracy into the church.  He established the Vatican City as an independent neutral state with Benito Mussolini Il Duce (1883-1945), the Italian Prime Minister.  The Vatican had to recognize Italy as a kingdom with Rome as its capital and Mussolini had to accept Catholicism as the official religion.
August:  A typhoon hit Swatow, China resulting in 60,000 deaths.
1923
An earthquake kills 105 to 132,807 in Kanto, Tokyo, Japan
It is reported that between 1915 and 1923 Turkey conducted a genocide campaign against the Armenians, killing some 1.5 million people.  Turkey refuses to acknowledges this atrocity but 25 countries including Canada have declared it genocide against the Armenian people.
January 1:  French and Belgian troops marched into Germany to settle a reparations dispute.  This further humiliated the German people thereby generating more support for the Nazi movement.
November 8: Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) an Austrian, led a revolution with 2,000 armed brown-shirts, it was put down and Hitler was jailed for 5 years at Landsberg for an unsuccessful putsch and it is here he wrote the first volume of Mein Kampf, the bible of Nazism.  He was released after 9 months.
1924
Marble Bar Western Australia holds the record for the longest days in a row when temperatures was above 37.8° C. for 160 days in 1923-1924.
The Saudi conquest of the Hejaz from Kashemites set the stage for the Kingdom of Saudi.
1925
Famine kills 3 million in China
Pope Pius XI sent a senior Jesuit to study the Soviet Union and concluded that Communism is corrupt and transitory.
Benito Mussolini Il Duce (1883-1945) a socialist, becomes dictator of Italy and is slowly turning into a Fascist..
October 1925
Mahatma Karatma Gandi (1869-1948) said that these seven things will destroy us.
(I rearranged the order and added clarification comments)
Principles, Beliefs and Values govern our understanding of facts and truths,
they determine our perceptions, attitudes, expectations, language, our very systems,
they control our interactions and patterns of existence.
#1 Politics Without Principles
Principles are the foundation of any Country or Culture
#2 Commerce Without Morality
Morality is the foundation of business, the integrity to ensure fairness
which is the underpinnings of free enterprise.
#3 Wealth Without Work
Speculative enterprise is that which manipulates markets, assets, people and things,
but adds no value on a day-to-day basis.
Get-Rich-Quick Schemes, Fraudulent Schemes, Ponzi Schemes.
#4 Knowledge Without Character
Character development is based on a common set of Principles, Beliefs and Values.
A desire for building consensus, a cohesiveness,
based on honesty, integrity and trust.
$5 Science without Humanity
Humanity is based on human advancement,
a Fundamental Eradication of Old Inequalities and Injustices.
#6 Religion Without Sacrifice
Sacrifice is serving others needs, is sharing power,
is interdependency, controlling our pride, prejudices, selfishness,
it builds empathy, synergy, and humility,
It is God-centered or Principle-centered
#7 Pleasure Without Conscience
Conscience is a sense of responsibility for our words and actions.
Lack of conscience is greed, self gratification, self indulgence,
a ‘what’s in it for me’ syndrome.
Lack of conscience is measured in terms of Time and Money.
1926
Iosif Vissarionovich aka Joseph Stalin (1879-1953) takes power in the USSR, he was a ruthless man responsible for millions of deaths.
The Swiss Pro Juventute Foundation begins, "in keeping with the theories of eugenics and progress," to take children away from Gypsy (Roma) without their consent, to change their names, and to put them into foster homes. This program continues until 1973, and is not brought to light until the 1980s. Switzerland has apologized to the Gypsy (Roma), but adamantly refuses to allow them access to the records which will help them locate the children taken from them.
King Abdul Aziz bin Abdul Rahman Alsaud (Ibn Saud) (1880-1953)  is proclaimed King of Arabia.
July 16:   The Bavarian "Law for Combatting Gypsies, Vagabonds and Idlers" proposed at the 1925 conference is passed. It is justified in the legislative assembly thus: "[Gypsies] are by nature opposed to all work, and find it especially difficult to tolerate any restriction of their nomadic life; nothing, therefore, hits them harder than loss of liberty, coupled with forced labor." The law requires the registration of all Roma and Sinti, settled or not, with the police, registry office and unemployment agency in each district. Bavarian State Counselor Hermann Reich praises "the enactment of the Gypsy law. . . This law gives the police the legal hold it needs for thorough-going action against this constant danger to the security of the nation."
1927
An earthquake at Gulang, Gansu, China resulted in 40 thousand deaths.
The China Civil War begins.
Lev (Leon) Davidovich Bronstein (Trotsky) (1879-1940) a Jewish Russian is expelled from the USSR by Iosif Vissarionovich aka Joseph Stalin (1879-1953), a Socialist.

1928
The drought of 1928-1930 in China resulted in 3 million deaths.
Pius XI (1922-1939) had originally encouraged discussion between Roman Catholics and Anglicans but this year stated the Roman Church could never be a federation of independent bodies holding differing doctrines and forbid Roman Catholics to take part in conferences with non-Romans.
Soviet anti-Islamic campaign is launched, resulting in the disbanding of Islamic courts and waqfs that are used to finance mosques..
Mustafa Kernal Ataturk introduced religious freedom in Turkey and Islam ceased to be the state religion.
More than 200,000 people in Nanjing during Japan's occupation of China.  Many were beheaded.
1929
Chiang Kai Shek becomes president of China.
The Vatican endorsed the fascist regime in Italy and for their support received an independent Vatican state.  Some considered that the Vatican had sold their soul.



October 1929- USA Stock Crash;  the years of the Great Depression (1929–1939)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Depression



Dorothea Lange's Migrant Mother depicts destitute pea pickers in California, centering onFlorence Owens Thompson, age 32, a mother of seven children, in Nipomo, California, March 1936.


USA annual real GDP from 1910–60, with the years of the Great Depression (1929–1939) highlighted.


The unemployment rate in the US 1910–1960, with the years of the Great Depression (1929–1939) highlighted.
The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression
The depression originated in the U.S., after the fall in stock prices that began around September 4, 1929, and became worldwide news with the stock market crash of October 29, 1929 (known as Black Tuesday).
The Great Depression had devastating effects in countries rich andpoor. Personal income, tax revenue, profits and prices dropped, while international trade plunged by more than 50%. Unemployment in the U.S. rose to 25%, and in some countries rose as high as 33%.[3]


1930
Pius XI (1922-1939) defined Christian marriage and condemned contraception.
Pope Pius XI concluded that there is no hope of an understanding with the Communists and launched a strident public campaign against what he considered the atheistic foe, the anti-God League or the Bolshevik Yoke.  The British believed the Pope's hatred of Bolshevism blinded him to the dangers of Fascism, Nazism and Church racism.  Many believed he is dangerously in Mussolini's pocket.  Bishop Alois Hudal believed he had a divine calling to settle relations between the Nazis and the Roman Church.  He openly supported Hitler traveling widely through Italy and Germany to address large crowds of German Catholics, telling them of the Nazis philosophies that he claimed accord both with Christian and National values.  He is an ardent anti-Communist and convinced that the real threat in Europe is atheistic Bolshevism.  Bishop Hudal adamantly holds these beliefs, even after the World War and its human tragedy is uncovered.
1931
Pius XI (1922-1939) attitude toward Italian fascism is shaken when Benito Mussolini Il Duce (1883-1945) a socialist, dissolved the Catholic youth movements.  The Church failed to speak out about his atrocities so should not be surprised.
July to November 1931 floods killed 2.5 to 4 million Chinese.  The floods were preceded by a long drought from 1928-1930 which coincides with the Le Nina of 1928-1930 in the Pacific Ocean. .
July:  Seven cyclones hit China this month to exasperate the ongoing floods.  The Yangtze River of China flooded this year with a loss of 145 thousand people.
.
1932
The Soviet famine of (1932-1934) resulted in 5 million deaths.
An earthquake at Changma, Gansu, China resulted in the death of 70 thousand people.
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is officially created.  It is founded on three fundamental principles;
                Intolerance, especially concerning religion, those who are not Wahhabi Muslims are considered infidels.
                Hate towards all infidels, their religion, culture, and politics, especially Jews and Americans.
                Jihad, a holy war waged by Wahhabi Muslims against all infidels.
Japan creates a puppet Republic of Manchuria.
Adolf Hitler attended a Mussolini play and fell under the spell of Elizabeth Nieizsche Forster.  He had used her Nieizsche philosophy to improve his credibility with the German people.  She had proclaimed that Mussolini is fulfilling the Nieizsche Social Theory and is the New Caesar.  Mussolini in turn provided her with funding.
Father Maly, a Hungarian, until 1937, is the first Soviet agent to penetrate British Intelligence.  He is to follow the Church instigated British-German negotiations for an alliance against Communism.
On the 4th Saturday of November, in Alberta the Ukrainian Canadians have a memorial to remember that in 1932-33 millions of Ukrainians were killed, victims of U.S.S.R. Communist tyranny.  The Communists ruthlessly executed, exiled and confiscated food supplies, creating a famine situation that resulted in women and children dying.  It's called the Holodomot meaning killing by hunger.  Many agree it was a man-made genocide by Joseph Stalin.  Estimates of death range from (1.8 to 20 Million) or more conservative (2.4 to 7.5 million).  People were dying at a rate of 25,000 per day

1933
Pius XI (1922-1939) entered into concordat with Catholic Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) an Austrian, and his National Socialist Germany effectively curbing Catholic opposition to the regime.  It is noteworthy that Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli (future Pope Pius XII (1939-1958)) is responsible for the concordats with nazi Austria and nazi Germany.
Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) began his racial sterilization program directed at the Jews stating that twenty American States had sterilization programs.  Indiana was the first in 1907 and the Racial Hygiene Program philosophy had a large following in the Western World.   Lest we think our hands are clean, Alberta practiced sterilization too.
The Vatican, through Pope Pius XI (1922-39) as secretary of state, entered into concourse with Adolf Hitler (1889-1945).  He and Pope Pius XII (1939-1958) would refuse to excommunicate either Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) or Mussolini and would eventually protect his henchmen after the war with the Rat Line.
May 10:   Some 40,000 people gathered on Berlin's Opernplatz to hear, Nazi propaganda minister, Joseph Goebbels speak. He contends the young people are profiting spiritually. German students torched "un-German" books looted from libraries and bookstores across the country. The banned books included works by Einstein, Hemingway and Helen Keller.
June 13:  Vienna reported Adof Hitler 'The Brown Terror' is accused of terrorist activities of bombings.  All Nazi Headquarters were shut down and hundreds of Nazi terrorists and scores of German citizens were arrested.
July 14:  Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) an Austrian's, cabinet passes the law against "lives not deserving of life" (Lebensunwertesleben), called The Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring. It orders sterilization for certain categories of people, "specifically Gypsies and most of the Germans of black color" (called the "Rhineland Bastards," i.e. those resulting from unions between German women and the Senegalese and other African troops brought in from the French colonies to patrol the Ruhr Valley during the First World War, as well as residents in Europe from Germany's ex-colonies in Africa). It also affects Jews, the disabled, and others seen as "asocial" (social misfits).
1934
A revolution in July at Vienna, Austria resulted in the assination of Chancellor Dolfuss.
Sweden passes a law on sterilization, which becomes harsher in 194l. Anyone, including Gypsy (Roma), seen as leading "a socially undesirable life" are to be sterilized. Although the law does not explicitly say so, it suggests that Gypsies and "Tattare" (Norwegian "Wanderer") are not socially desirable and thus must be sterilized to keep the Swedish race clean.
January onwards, Gypsy (Roma) in Germany are selected for transfer to camps for processing, which includes sterilization by injection or castration. Over the next three years, these camps will be established at Dachau, Dieselstrasse, Sachsenhausen, Marzahn and Vennhausen.
July:  Two laws issued in Nuremburg forbid Germans from marrying "Jews, Negroes and Gypsies."
1935
The Yangtze River flooded this year with a loss of 145 thousand people.
An earthquake at Balochistan, British India resulted in 60 thousand deaths.
Benito Mussolini Il Duce (1883-1945) a Fascist, orders the invasion of Ethiopia using poison gas to subdue the people.  He believed that war alone puts the stamp of nobility upon the people.  The world condem him for his actions so he aligns himself with Germany and Japan
This year the League of Nations failed to check the Italian attack on Abyssinia, doomed the principle of collective security and signaled Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) that aggression could pay.
Ethiopia abolishes slavery this year.
May:  Five hundred Gypsy (Roma) and Sinti are arrested because they are Gypsies, and incarcerated in a camp on Venloerstrasse in Cologne, Germany. This detention center is surrounded by barbed wire and patrolled by armed police.
September 15:  Gypsy (Roma) and Sinti become subject to the restrictions of the National Citizenship Law (the Reichsbürgergesetz) and the Nuremberg Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honour, which forbids intermarriage or sexual relationships between Aryan and non-Aryan peoples. It states: "A marriage cannot be concluded when the expected result will put the purity of German blood of future generations in danger." A policy statement issued by the Nazi Party reads "In Europe generally, only Jews and Gypsies come under consideration as members of an alien people." Gypsies, Jews and Blacks are considered "racially distinctive" minorities with "alien blood." On September 17th, the National Citizenship Law relegates Jews and Roma to the status of second class citizens, and deprives them of their civil rights.
October:  Dento (Amilcare Andrea) Mussolini (1883-1845) a Roman Fascist marched on Ethiopia and the response was economic sanctions.  France didn't want sanctions against iron, steel, coal or oil as it would adversely affect their trade.  Meanwhile the Italians under II Duce (the leader) continued to bomb unprotected tribal villages.  Quebec was against imposing sanctions against Rome.  Everyone was more concerned about their own interests than Human Rights.  The Roman Catholic Church remained silence as they were governed by two principles, Italy was Catholic, and Rome was Rome.  As Mussolini was mopping up Ethiopia, Adolf Hitler (1889-1945), an Austrian, and the Fuhrer of the Third Reich, marched into the Rhineland.
November 9, 1935:   Elizabeth Nieizsche Forster, the Saxon Lutheran, died being proclaimed by Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) as the High Priestess of Nazism and the Mother of the National Socialist Germany.  Both Mussolini and Adolf Hitler (1889-1845) openly ascribed to her Nieizsche philosophy of Nationalism, Racism, Aggression and Anglo-Saxon superiority.  She had fulfilled her 'Lifes Work', as she called it, in distorting her brothers work for her own honor and glory.  Frederick Nieizsche was completely opposed to the concepts of his sisters "The Will to Power" and all that it advocates.

1936
The Chinese famine of 1936 resulted in 5 million deaths.
The Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) starts.
Benito Mussolini Il Duce (1883-1945) annexes Ethopia.
In Berlin, Gypies (Roma) and Sinti are cleared off the streets away from public view because of the upcoming Olympic games. Fifty years later, the police in Spain do the same thing in preparation for the Olympic Games in Madrid.
The Primate of the Austrian Church, Cardinal Theodore Innitzer is pro-Nazi and anti-Communist and, as a result, more Austrian's are Nazi party members per capita than in Germany.  Bishop Berning of Osnabruch held a conference with Adolf Hitler (1889-1945)  concerning the Jews.  Hitler (1889-1945) said he was doing to the Jews what the Roman Catholic Church had done for 1,500 years, treat them as parasites and shut them in ghettos.  There is no difference between National Socialism and the Catholic Church.  He told Bishop Berning that being a Catholic himself he admired and wanted to promote Christianity.
March 4:  A memorandum to the State Secretary of the Interior, Hans Pfundtner, addresses the creation of a national Gypsy law (Reichzigeunergesetz), the purpose of which is to deal with the complete registration of the gypsy (Romani) population, their sterilization, the restriction on their movement and means of livelihood, and the expulsion of all foreign-born and stateless Roma.
March 20:   "Action against the Gypsies" is instituted in Frankfurt am Main, when the City Council votes to put all Roma into an internment camp. The camp, on Dieselstrasse, is selected on September 22nd this year, and arrests and internment begin a year later.

1937
Pius XI (1922-1939) sharply condemned atheistic communism and denounced the repeated violation of the concordat with Germany.  The pope finally branded Nazism as fundamentally anti-Christian.
Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) an Austrian laid out his plans for world domination.
The 'Rape of Nanking' by Japanese forces resulted in the killing of 250,000 civilians.
Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) the Fuhrer of the Third Reich, kept a framed photograph of Henry Ford (1863-1947) on his desk and Ford kept one of Hitler on his desk in Dearborn, Michigan.  Hitler (1889-1945) had used, in Mein Kampf, some of Fords anti-Semitic views and Ford always made substantial contributions to the Nazi movement.
Japan revived and stepped up its war against China.

Pope Pius XI (1922-1939) finally issued an Encyclical attacking some aspects of Nazi ideology and rule.  Two weeks previously he declared that Communism was intrinsically wrong and no one may collaborate with it in any field whatsoever.  He proclaimed the Church's neutrality as in regards to political systems and national differences and reiterated and emphasized her (the Church's) unwavering support of the principles of social justice and international morality.  He would die February 1939 before an alleged vigorous and caustic denunciation of Nazism and Fascism could be delivered.  Many are skeptical that this was ever considered.  He is to be replaced by a Pope (Pius XII 1939-1958) that many believe is guilty of War crimes against humanity.  He stands accused of grievous sins of omission and commission, both during and after the Holocaust. Benito Mussolini wrote his own epitaph:  "Here lies one of the most intelligent animals ever to appear on the surface of the earth.  He saw himself as another Augustus, founder of a new Roman Catholic Empire.  He is killed April 28, 1945".
Shell Oil aka Royal Dutch Shell started business in Nigeria as Shell D'Arcy.  They also received a 75 year concession to search for oil in Omen with a 23.75% interest in Iraq Petroleum Company.
Amelia Earhart and co-pilot Fred Noonan disappear over the Pacific while attempting to fly around the world.
April 26: Germany bombs the Basque town of Guernica, Spain killing 1,654 citizens.  Russia says only 800 were killed while other suggest 126-400 but likely doesn't include those who died from the wounds.
July 7: Japan attacked China and by year end they captured Beijing, Shanghai and Najimng.
September 7:  A typhoon struck Hong Kong resulting in 11,000 deaths
December 12: Japan sinks the USS Panay in Yangtze River, China, three sailors were killed, Japan said sorry and pays reparation of $2 million or present value of over $30 million..



1938
Kanton andEnderburyislands
3.5
3.0
Joint occupation withBritain; independent asKiribati in 1979
1938
Most countries of Europe tried to appease Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) the Austrian.  Germany annexes Austria.  English Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain said people in England should not be digging trenches and trying on gas masks over the fate of Czechoslovakia.  Italy adopted Adolf Hitler's racial doctrines.
Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) the Fuhrer of the Third Reich marched on Austria and the Sudetenland.  Benito Mussolini (1883-1945) marched on Albania.  The world continued to do nothing to stop these Fascist leaders.
Austria welcomed Adolf Hitler with open arms even knowing it would lead to war.  When Austria was annexed about 200,000 people came out to welcome the invasion.
March 3:  Saudi Arabia, an American engineer unleashed the first commercially viable oil gusher after 15 months of drilling in Saudi Arabia.  The middle east was forever changed.
June 9:  The Yellow River flood was caused by the Chinese Government to stop the Japanese advancing forces.  The number killed is in dispute but ranges from 550 to 700 thousand people including Japanese soldiers.


1939-1945 World War 2 started and ended
; WW2 started as USA recovered from 10 years of poverty due to 1929 Stock Crash lasting til 1939.
; WW2 started with Hitler-Nazi of Austria  invaded Germany.
; WW2 ended with Hitler Suicide/ end of Jap Meiji handing over occupation of Korea to USA.

1939-Great Depression from 1929-1939 comes to end; but Hitler-Nazi of Europe/ Jap Meiji of Asia/ UssR-Soviet Communism-Zionist WW1 (1914-1918  Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary and Turkey) faced off against the Allied Powers (Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy, Japan)-WW2(1939 to 1945) stems from ending of Ten Year Poverty in USA due to 1929-Stock Crash.

1939
An earthquake at Erzincan, Turkey killed 32,962 people.  Others estimated 160,000 deaths as a result.
General Francisco Franco d-1975, is expelled from Spain and exiled to the Canary Islands.  The European Spanish war (1936-1939) involved 50,000 Italian and 10,000 Germans who fought for General Francisco Franco's National party.  20,000 Russians support the Loyalists.  This war began by Francisco Franco resulted in the death of 611,000 people.  Pius XI (1922-1939) denounced the harsh separation between church and state in Spain by the Republican Government and supported General Francisco Franco in the civil war.  Pius XI (1922-1939) between 1933-1936 issued 34 notes of protest to Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) an Austrian, of opposition to the Roman Church but still did not withdraw his concord with Germany.
Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) the Fuhrer of the Third Reich marched on Czechoslovakia and prepared to march on Slovakia, Poland and the port of Danzig.  France and Britain were next on the list.
The Roman Eugenio Pacelli, Papal Nuncio of Germany, became Pope calling himself Pius XII.  This Papacy marks the beginning of the decline and fall of the unholy Roman Empire.
Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) the Fuhrer of the Third Reich ordered the start of his euthanasia program that resulted in the destruction of some 300,000 people considered by the medical profession to be mentally and physically handicapped.  The first to be terminated was Gerhard Kretschmar.
August 22, Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) declared: I have ordered my death units to exterminate without mercy, men, women and children of the Polish speaking race.
September 1:   The Nazi Panzer forces, using the Blitzkrieg, are smashing deep into Poland and a few days later the pronouncement of war is cabled to Britain.  Canada entered the second great war of the century.  By the end of September, fifty eight thousand had entered the services and the jobless rate was still ten percent.
September 3:   Britain and France declare war on Germany in response to Germany's invasion of Poland on September 1, 1939.
Russia entered the Second World War in September as an ally of Germany, having signed a non-aggression pact, in order to annex certain areas of Poland inhabited by Byelorussians and Ukrainians.  In November these became part of Russia.  Pius XII alias Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli (1939-1958) is elected pope.


1940
Spain although technically neutral, backed the German cause.  Romania had to yield Bessarabia and northern Bukovina in June.  Benito Mussolini Il Duce (1883-1945) dictator of Italy entered the war June 10, 1940 against France and Britain.  Rome however remained an open city due to the efforts of Pope Pius XII (1939-1958).  He still considered Communism more dangerous than Nazism or Fascism but did not endorse Adolf Hitler's attack on Russia.
Robert Ritter publishes a report in which he states that "we have been able to establish that more than 90% of the so-called 'native' [i.e. German-born] Gypsies are of mixed blood ... Furthermore, the results of our investigations have allowed us to characterize the Gypsies as being a people of entirely primitive ethnological origins, whose mental backwardness makes them incapable of real social adaptation ... The Gypsy question can only be solved when the main body of asocial and worthless Gypsy individuals of mixed blood is collected together in large labor camps and kept working there, and when the further breeding of this population of mixed blood is permanently stopped."  The Nazi movement would kill 500,000 Gypsy aka Roma and the women were sterilized.  The children were removed and adopted into non Gypsy families.  This cultural genocide practice of adoption continued in Switzerland until 1973.  We have to be careful when we lift the cultural rug.  Switzerland refused to allow Gypsies into their country, even though the government knew they faced extermination in Germany.  This action demonstrates Switzerland supported genocide during WWII..
The French government opens internment camps for nomads.

In Austria, internment camps are built at Maxglan, Slazburg, and Lackenbach.

At Buchenwald, 250 Gypsy (Romani) children are used as guinea-pigs to test the Zyklon-B gas crystals.
Heinrich Himmler, the head of Hitler's Secret Police, is obsessed with the history of the Roman Catholic Church sponsored witch hunts. He compiled a list of 33,846 Germans who were burned as witches. He said, "The witch-hunting cost the German people hundreds of thousands of mothers and women, who were cruelly tortured and executed.
June 24:  France falls to Germany leaving Britain and the Commonwealth allies to stop the Nazi.  The Greeks are with the allies but falls in 1941.

1941
The Chinese drought of 1941 resulted in 3 million deaths.
In Poland, a Gypsy camp is set up in the Jewish ghetto of Lodz for 5.000 inmates.

In Croatia, the Jasenovac concentration camp is opened.

In Serbia, the German Military Command orders that all Gypsies will be treated as Jews. In November, it further orders the immediate arrest of all Gypsies and Jews, who are to be held as hostages.

All Sinti Gypsy families living in the Volga Republic are deported to Kazakhstan.

Japan occupies Indo-china.
Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) issued his Juden-Frei (Free of Jews) by 1942.
Anti Pavelic, the militant Catholic who is killing 500,000 Croatian Jews, Serbs and Gypsies, had a private audience in late April with Pope Pius XII (1939-1958).  His audience was guaranteed because he had forcibly converted ten thousand Serbian Orthodox to Christianity under penalty of death.  The Church's traditional thinking of the end justifying the means is still held as a value.  The British, however, reacted with outrage at the reception, by this Pope, of a known terrorist and murderer.  They described Pius XII (1939-1958) as the greatest moral coward of our age.  The Holy Father would again receive Pavelic in May, 1943 when there could be no doubt of the magnitude of the atrocities being committed.  The Pope would continuously turn away countless victims and remain silent concerning German and Italian allied atrocities.
April:  The Germans invaded Yugoslavia that is carved up between Germany, Italy, Hungary and Bulgaria.  The Croat-Slav are a Catholic oriented fascist group who outdid the Nazis in the ferocity of their racial purification measures against Jews, Gypsies and Serbs-Slav.  The Serbs are Orthodox Christians with emotional ties to Russia and Greece.  June 22, German invaded Russia and the Russians entered the war causing a turning point in the war.  German occupied Greece until 1944 and future Pope John XXIII (1958-1963) worked to prevent deportation of Jews.
July:   In  Jedwabne, Poland, hundreds of Polish Jews were rounded up by their Polish Christian  neighbors, put in a barn and burned to death.
July 10:   Jedwabne, Poland 1,600 Jews are murdered by Poles and not Nazi troops as a result of the Roman Catholic Church fuelling anti-Semitic fervor or so says the Jews.  The Roman Church led by Cardinal Jozef Glemp and 100 Bishops May 3, 2001 finally accept responsibility for this sin of the Church and issued a public apology.
In September, an SS Task Force carries out mass executions of Roma and Jews in the Baby Yar valley of the Ukraine.

In Yugoslavia in October, the German army executes 2.100 Jewish and Gypsy hostages as reprisal for soldiers killed by partisans.
December 25:  Hong Kong was captured by Japan who occupied it until August 15, 1945.  Some estimate that as many as 10,000 women were raped in the first few days after Hong Kong's capture and large number of suspected dissidents were executed.  Hong Kong residents called the capture Black Christmas.

1942
Heinrich Himmler issues the order to deport the Gypsies in Greater Germany to the concentration camp of Auschwitz-Birkenau.

In Poland, all Gypsies from the Lodz ghtetto are transported and gassed at Chelmo.
The Navel Battle of Midway sees a major victory for USA over Japan.
The United States Government and the Red Cross are aware of the Germans intent of genocide against the Jews.
Ethiopa a Muslim dominated country at 32.8% Muslim abolished the slave trade but the keeping of slaves mostly concubines was retained.
Jewish refugees attempting to escape German persecution were systematically robbed, beaten and abused by Swiss police. Between 1940 and 1945, the Swiss authorities turned more than 24,000 Jewish refugees over to the Germans and certain death. Studies have confirmed the Swiss were in full knowledge of the danger that threatened the returning Jews. This year the Swiss authorities, with full knowledge of the Nazi death camps, closed the border to those who sought refuge, solely on racial grounds. The border would not be opened again until July 1944.
It is estimated this family in its 41 years rule (1969-2010) of Libya has killed, tortured or imprisoned between 100,000 to 250,000 citizens not counting the civil war of 2011.
Moammar al-Qaddafi (Gadhahi, Gadhafi) (1942-2011) Sirte, Libya and he is believed to be descended from Jewish ancestors.
1st marriage Fatiha a schoolteacher, had one son
Mutassim Gaddafi a playboy son, tried to oust his father, forgiven is National Security Advisor to his father and heads his own unit in the army.
2nd marriage Safia Farkash and a former nurse.
Saif Al-Islam al-Qaddafi (Gadhafi) London educated has a PHD
Saadi al-Qaddafi (Gadhafi) b- 1975 married to the daughter of a military commander
Mutassium al-Qaddafi (Gadhafi) d-2011
Hannibal al-Qaddafi (Gadhafi) beat his pregnant girlfriend in Paris (2008) was arrested in a Geneva hotel after two of his servants accused him of assault.
Saif Al Arab al-Qaddafi (Gadhafi) (1981-2011) studied in Germany and defected to the protester camp, 3 of his children also killed
Khamis al-Qaddafi (Gadhafi) (197?-2011?) Police officer trained in Russia and runs his own militia of thugs, called the Khames militia
Ayesha al-Qaddafi (Gadhafi) b-1977 a lawyer, married a cousin of her father in 2006
Hanna al-Qaddafi (Gadhahi) killed 1986 an adopted son
Milad Abuztaia al-Qaddafi (Gadhafi) an adopted son
July 1:   The British Broadcasting Company broadcast a French account of seven hundred thousand Jews massacred.  Many don't believe these accounts as the Germans are Roman Catholic and the Holy Catholic Church remains silent.
1943
The Bengal famine of 1943 in India resulted in 4 million deaths, some suggest it was 1.5 to 3 million deaths..
The Vietnamese War Famine (1943-1945) resulted in 2 million deaths.
Pius XII (1939-1958) deplored the Allies demand at Casablanca in January 1943 for the unconditional surrender of Germany.  It is noteworthy the Pius XII was the nuncio to the German Republic in 1920 and established the concordat with nazi Germany in 1933.  Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) an Austrian, occupied Rome September 1943.  This pope is still criticized for not speaking out against cynically planned world domination and genocide by Germany.
Nazi leader Himmler orders all Gypsy camps closed, resulting in the liquidation of the Gypsy (Romani) prisoners.
The bigoted reality behind the secret report of the Easter 1943 Bermuda Conference is that not a single Western Allied Nation wanted to let the Jews settle in their country.  The unspoken consensus is that it is better to let Hitler (1889-1945) handle them than arrange a mass evacuation to America, Britain or Canada.  In short the Jews are expendable to the war effort.  The Vatican's shocking silence towards the Jews is in full accord with this Western Policy or the Western Policy is in full accord with Church Policy.
September 8:   Italy surrenders to the Allies but the Germans and Fascist supporters continue to fight.

1944
The Dutch famine of 1944 resulted in 18 thousand deaths.
To prevent retaliation against the Germans or Italians Pius XII (1939-1958) condemned the historic church dogma of collective guilt.  Examples are original sin and the condemnation of all Jews as killers of Christ.  Future Pope John XXIII (1958-1963) is appointed to France to prevent retaliation against the many bishops who collaborated with nazi Germany.
Greek civil war begins.
Bestiality and homosexuality is made legal in Sweden.
Few people realize that Winston Churchill was a Metis, his mother Jennie Jerome of NY who married Randolph Churchill was 1/8 Iroquois and to this she ascribed her exuberant energy.
Following the liberation of Belgium, 242 Nazi collaborators are executed and 57,000 others are convicted of collaboration.  About 100,000 people are banned from public service jobs.
During the war the Catholic Croat Ustashi, in league with the German Catholics and Italian Catholics, persecuted the Greek Orthodox Serbs. Their slogan was: "Convert a third, expel a third and kill a third". It is estimated that 300,000 Serbs may have been massacred.
March:   The Vatican Information Service is created and in March, 1944 the American's are convinced that clandestine activities are taking place and order its curtailment.  The Americans are correct, as the Vatican would turn into a major intelligence force after the war.  Bishop Alois Hudal is driving around Rome, proudly flying a Greater Germany flag on his car.  But when the Allies arrived in the Italian capital in June, Hudal is the first to change it.  Suddenly his flag is Austrian.   Adolf Eichmann prepared his last major extermination operation in 1944 of Hungary's 800,000 Jews.  Urgent appeals were made on two occasions, by the Americans to the Vatican, to broadcast a public appeal to the people and clergy of Hungary.  The Americans wanted the Vatican to urge the people to temporarily conceal Jews and oppose the deportation and extermination of these people to the full extent of their powers.  The American appeals are ignored because Pope Pius XII (1939-1958) felt that if he did so he would, in all fairness, have to criticize the Russians.  This is a hollow excuse because the Vatican was, previously, quick to condemn communism and not fascism.   Albert Hartl, a Catholic who left the priesthood in 1934 to become Chief of Church Information with the rank of SS Major in the notorious Reich Security Main Office,  visited Rome to convince the Vatican to break with Stalin and join with Germany against the Bolshevik's.  When the Vatican realized that the United States and the Soviet Union would be victorious, it started immediately to form a bloc of western European Nations to effect a counter-balance to these two non-European countries.  France, the most beloved daughter of the Catholic Church, is to take a leading role.
June 5:  The Allies entered Rome, Pope Pius XII (1939-1958) had remained silent concerning the atrocities committed against the Jews and many considered this a major sin of omission by the Church.
Zigeunernacht, literally, Gypsy Night. On August 2, four thousand Gypsy (Roma) are gassed and cremated in a single action at Auschwitz-Birkenau.
1945
Shu Shing Liang (1918-1990) and Shu Ching Fung b-1924 married in Shanghai, China and moved to Hong Kong after the war.  Large squatter camps developed throughout the Hong Kong territory providing homes for the massive number of growing immigrants.  Conditions in public housing were very basic with several families sharing communal cooking facilities
A Roman Catholic priest from Petricevac led Croat fascists armed with hatchets and knives, to a nearby village where they butchered 2,300 Serbs.
O Porraimos, the Great Devouring. Up to 1,500,000 Sinti and Gypsy (Roma) are killed in Europe by the Nazi regime and its puppet states.
Between 5,000 and 8,000 Germans were born in a Racial experiment where blue blonds were born and given to SS officers for Nazi doctrine in an attempt to breed a perfect race.  Some suggest these were just high class bordello's for the enjoyment of the Nazi SS.
At Berlin, Germany between 95,000 and 130,000 women and children are raped within the first weeks of Soviet occupation.  It is noteworthy that Stalin had forbidden this act of war.
Anti Pavelic, a Croatian, who is responsible for the massacres of Serbs, Jews and Gypsies, about 500,000 people.  Their eyes had been gouged out, limbs severed, intestines and other organs were ripped out from living bodies.  Many of the lucky ones are simply burned alive.  150,000 Serbs, martyrs of the Orthodox faith, are slaughtered having been offered salvation if they renounced their faith and become Roman Catholic.  Pope Pius XII (1939-1958) gave his friend, Anti Pavelic and four other wanted Yugoslavs, protection and they are hiding in the Oriental Institution in Rome.  Pavelic held frequent secret meetings with Monsignor Montini (Paul VI (1963-1978)), the Under Secretary of State of the Holy See.  The Jesuits are also intimately connected with the case.  Father Krunoslav Draganovic, Secretary of the Croatian Institute of San Girolamo, is the main organizer of the so-called Ratline, assisting Pavelic and other war criminals.  The good father claimed that Pavelic, the dictator, is a brutal mass murderer, one of the most dangerous men he had met in his whole life, yet he claimed he had followed the commandments of Christian love regardless of religion, politics or nationality.
A Turkish pilot claim to have photographed Noah's Ark.
American records confirm that Pope Pius XII (1939-1968) attempted to divert his lack of denouncing the Nazis atrocities toward the Russians atrocities. Pope Pius said  that "he felt reports of Nazi atrocities had been exaggerated".  He also said "he would condemn the Allies if they carried out a threat to bomb Rome". His critics claim he was a Germanophile and was anti-Semetic before becoming Pope in 1939.  This is noteworthy as the Americans must have considered bombing the evil Vatican.  The Pope, however, is more concerned about Vatican treasures than millions of lives.
Walter Rauff , perfected the mobile gas van that is used in the death of 100,000 peoples, mostly eastern European women and children.  Walter Rauff was a friend of Bishop Hudal in 1943.   Monsignor Don Giuseppe Bicchierai would shelter Rauff in the convents of the Holy See.
Archbishop Szepticky of the Ukraine reported that 800,000 Jews are killed and hundreds of thousands of Christians have been systematically slaughtered by the Nazi and their Ukrainian henchmen.  They first felt liberated by the Nazi, from the Bolshevik Yoke, because of Christian Church Policy but within a short time, the Bishop stated the Nazis are diabolically worse than the Bolshevists.
Franz D. Paul Stangl commanded Treblinka, the most efficient death factory, responsible for the death of 900,000 people, mostly Jews.  Bishop Alois Hudal and his organization would arrange his escape from the Allied Governments using Red Cross Passports.  He is recaptured in 1967 in Brazil.
Gustav Wagner, friend of Stangl, who commanded Sobibor, a Polish extermination camp, also escaped with help from Bishop Alois Hundal.
Alois Brunner, a brutal senior officer in the Jewish deportation program, escaped to Syria with the help of Bishop Alois Hudal.
Adolf Eichmann, (1906-1962) an SS man (1932-1945) was chief architect of the Holocaust, the final solution, as head of the SS Department for Jewish Affairs, escaped to Genoa and was hidden in a monastery under Arch Bishop Siri's control, with the help of Bishop Alois Hudal.  He was then moved to South America, his expense being covered by the Catholic relief organization called Cartis.  He is eventually captured and executed in Jerusalem in 1962.  Before his death he said "he regretted not killing more Jews, Gypsies and others."  He said "We didn't do our work correctly." "There was more we could have done".  He married 1935 Veronika Liebi (1909-1997). they had 4 children:
    Klaus Eichmann b-1936 Berlin
    Horst Adolf Eichmann b-1840 Vienna
    Dieter Helmut b-1942 Prague
    Ricardo Francisco b-1955 Buenos Aires

Bishop Alois Hudal born May 31, 1885 an Austrian, had a mission is to rescue as many Nazis War criminals as possible from the Allied vengeance.  This is not surprising as he proudly held a Golden Nazi Party membership badge and had written a book praising the German Nazi movement and principles.  Bishop Alois Hudal is a senior Vatican Tribunal in the most rigorous secrecy to defend the faith, Catholic morals and the unity of the Church against heresies, schisms etc. so reported the American Secret Service.  Hudal is very close to Pope Pius XII (1939-1958), they are long time friends since 1924.  Hudal himself talks of helping several hundred war criminals.  He would claim that we do not believe in the eye for an eye of the Jew and to his death, Hudal remained a convinced anti-Semite.  Influential priests not only know whom the Nazis are, they actually sought them out and provided them with extra-special treatment.  Father Gallov, a Hungarian Catholic Priest, is central to forging Red Cross papers, using alias and false nationality, while admitting he knew they were known or wanted war criminals.  Monsignor Walter Carroll, Secretariat of State of the Holy See, had cautioned the Americans not to delve too deeply into the details of the financing of the Nazi escape routes.  Father Draganovic, Monsignor Presern, Bishop Bucko and Father Gallov are all active in the Nazi smuggling operations.
Five Roman Catholic Priests ran the Ratline to assist war criminals to escape.  Their profile is as follows: Father Cecelja, a freely admitted Fascist activist who organized 800 peasants to assist the Nazi to occupy Croatia, officiated at Pavelic swearing in ceremony while being aware of the Budak proclamation to kill one third of the Serbs, helped the criminals escape under orders from Rome, is registered as a war criminal himself and believed to his death he did no wrong.  Father Draganovic is also a wanted war criminal, being an official officer of the committee responsible for the forced conversion of Orthodox Serbs to Catholicism and the forced requisitioning of food during the bloody Nazi offensive on Kozara mountain. He is also Vice President of the Ustashi's Office for Colonization which is an integral part of the Nazi genocide machine, preparing the Serbs and Jews for extermination.  He said he co-operated with the Nazi as a citizen according to the laws of the Lord.  He is entrusted with all valuables being smuggled by the war criminals.  Father Dragutin Kamber, a Roman Catholic Priest, is a bloody mass murderer who set up the concentration camp at Doboj and became its commandant. He ordered Jews to wear yellow armbands and Serbs to wear white bands, telling them they would be exterminated.  He organized mass arrests and interrogated some in his own house, subsequently killing them in his cellar.  The Serbia teachers and priests are killed in this way.  This is confirmed by British Intelligence.
Father Dominik Mandic, the official Vatican representative at San Girolamo, a senior official in the Franciscan order, holding the position of General Economist or treasurer, is the critical link in creating false papers and providing the necessary funding.  San Girolamo, a Monastery, is honeycombed with cells of Nazi war criminal operatives with extremely tight security to prevent Communist attacks, or so they claimed.  Monsignor Karlo Petranovic, now living in Canada, worked out of Genoa, shipping out hundreds of war criminals with the assistance of Bishop Ferinand Pawlikowski.  He is at the center of the atrocities but claimed no knowledge of these killings:  I saw nothing, the Jews just disappeared, I was not involved.  The records say he is a captain in the army, also deputy to the local Nazi leader and he decided on the life or death of the Serbs in the district.  Two thousand local Serbs are exterminated.  The Yugoslavs claim he personally organized the execution of seventy prominent Serbs.  Newspaper accounts from 1941 suggest the holy Roman Father is a liar.
Doctor Omrecanin, a well-known Nazi propagandist from Croatia, bragged they had sent 30,000 people down the Ratline, including many German scientists and technicians.  Father Draganovic, who is the Holy Sea’s official representative for the immigration of Nazi war criminals; contacting Cardinals world wide to assist in his mission, had very close relationships with Pope Pious XII (1939-1958), the Church hierarchy and Bishop Giovanni Battista Montini, Assistant Secretary of State who would later become Pope Paul VI (1963-1978).  The CIA archives also appear to implicate Cardinal Ildebrando Schuster, Archbishop of Milan, suggesting he was involved in the transfer of large sums of money from Milan to Rome by Nazi agents at the war's end. The CIA via the British Secret Service had been aware throughout the war that the Nazi party had a Deep Throat inside the Vatican and suggests an Irish priest possibly Mgr. Hugh O'Flaherty may have wittingly or unwittingly supplied information to the Nazi's. It is claimed he hid 4,000 Jews and escaped Allied prisoners. Some suggest the information he supplied was inaccurate and was about the proposed Allied landings in Italy. The proposed beatification of Pius XII (1939-1958) is bitterly opposed by Jewish groups and Christians who say he ignored Nazi atrocities and helped Hitler (1889-1945) to win power.
This year 20,000 Dutch citizens died of starvation and about 7,000 escaped this fate by immigrating to Canada.  Arthur Seyss-Inquart was hanged for his part in starving people in the Netherlands.  Another 30,000 Dutch died in German prisoner of war camps.  It is estimated that 1.4 million Germans died in prisoner of war camps, many died from starvation.   Other estimates are higher/lower than this estimate.  Some believe the German starvation was a deliberate program of retaliation.  However Canada and the United States began shipping food to feed hundreds of million of starving people as a result of these wars.  Only Canada did rationing and price controls continue long after the war so that others could be fed.
The Nazi-era perfected their 'Final Solution' which was based upon the North American cult of 'Eurgenics' that originated in the 1920's by the Women's Rights Movement.  Forensic studies have verified the Nazis considered these people as less than human.  More the 50% of the victims had broken ribs and other bone fractures, broken noses, collarbones from blows likely dealt by hospital personnel.  Medical records show that medical personnel cursed their patients as 'imbeciles', 'idiots' and 'useless eaters'.   There was little doubt that this, so called, human garbage and their final months were hell on earth.  Nazi extermination of the mentally, physically and culturally deficient were documented after the end of WWII.  The Final Solution evolved into the abortion program, of the innocent, in the 1970's to modern times by the Womens Liberation Movement.   The objectives are the same rid ourselves of the undesirable.
Thank God the Human Fetus haven't learned to hate.
February 4-11:  The Yata Conference between (Joseph Vissarionovich Djugashvili) Generalissimo  Stalin, Prime Minister Churchill (1874-1965) and President Roosevelt (1882-1945) is considered by some to be the start of the Cold War.  They contend President Roosevelt (1882-1945) sold-out Eastern Europe by a secret deal, to a known ruthless dictator, Joseph Stalin.  The Cold War (1945-1960's) was a period of East-west tension, and conflict just short of full-scale war.
May 3:  Ireland's prime minister Eamon de Valera, was the only government leader to convey official condolences to Eduard Hempel, director of the German diplomatic corps in Ireland.  He was critized by most nations of the world.  The Republic of Ireland, then called Eire, remained neutral throughout the war, and many Irish rooted for Germany against Britain.  Jews fleeing Nazi persecution trying to receive asylum in Ireland are rejected. . De Valera also refused to allow Britain or its Allies to use strategic Irish ports for protecting Atlantic convoys from attacks by German U-boats.  Churchill said Britain had considered laying "a violent hand" on neutral Ireland to seize its ports,
May 7:   War ends in Europe, Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) is dead.  Pope Pius XII (1939-1958), the man who remained silent concerning the extermination of six million Jews, now finds a voice to speak of the Soviet confiscation's, deportations, rapes, disease, deprivation and deliberate starvation.  It is a scene of horror that the Vatican reported from every country under Soviet occupation.  The Russian's retaliated by claiming the Pope is a supporter and protector of Hitler (1889-1945) and the Nazis and of Mussolini and the Fascists.  This is the Russian claim that history would prove true, despite repeated denials by the Church.  Many Catholics are beginning to believe the Roman Church leaders are less than holy people.  For the next forty-five years priests, monks, bishops and popes throughout Italy and France had a distorted perception of truth and justice.  They frustrated the authorities that attempted to bring war criminals to justice by sheltering these criminals in monasteries and abbeys.  Archbishop Albert Decourtray, of Lyon head, of the French Catholic Church, admitted to the guilt of the Roman Church whom he called rightists, opposing any liberalization in the Church.
August 6:  Hiroshima, Japan at 8:15 A.M. the Atomic Bomb named 'Little Boy' was dropped killing 118,661 and injuring 79,130 but longer term studies over the next 50 years suggests the premature deaths likely range from 340,000 to 350,000 people.
August 9:  Nagasaki, Japan at 11.02 A.M. the Atomic Bomb named 'Fatman' was dropped killing 73,884 and injuring 74,909.  The world changed and settled into what was called the 'Cold War'.  People started building bomb shelters and stocking them with food and water.  This paranoia would continue for the next 40 years.
September 17:   Pope Pius XII (1939-1958) asked General Dwight D. Eisenhower and General Mark Clark not to stand in the way of his, attempts to create a new majority Catholic country from Austria to parts of Germany (including Bavaria, and Saxony) and was to be led by Archduke Otto, heir to the Hapsburg throne in Austria.  During the war there were various proposals to create a Danube confederation which was to include Austria, southern Germany, Czechoslovakia, Poland and Hungary.  The Pope said, "Are you guys going to mess with this or would you want to let it go?"  The two generals are seen as a threat to the Popes political ambitions.  This is the Pope who failed to speak out over the Holocaust, who facilitated the Nazi criminals in escaping their war crimes and now wants to profit from the bounty of war.
October:   The American Secret Service note the preponderant influence that the Jesuit fathers, who always present concrete and well-reasoned projects, tend to exercise at the Curia.   The Jesuits are leading the Holy Sea’s espionage struggle with Moscow and the cost is running into millions of dollars.  Estonians, Lithuanians, Czech and other Nationals are being organized into a highly secret group called the Christian Front for what the Church calls justified self-defense and self-preservation, being convinced the Russian invasion of Western Europe is inevitable.  Pope Pius XII (1939-1958) is coordinating the most secret and most shameful operation in Vatican history; they are recruiting ex-Nazis, that are notorious war criminals, to fight Communists.  Some Church officials are laundering stolen Nazi treasure to finance their freedom fighters.  Unknown to the Vatican, the Communists had penetrated their command structure from the top to the bottom.



1945- Korea's enslavement by Jap from 1910-1945
        passed on to USA-Truman1945-1953 Genocide of
         Koreans/Destructions of Korean Heritage-Landmarks
         
         - Hitler and Jap Meiji crimes end.
 
        - end of ww2.

1898
Philippine Islands
115,800
Purchased from Spainfollowing military victory; independent in 1946
1946
Italy abolished the Monarchy by plebiscite.  Pius XII (1939-1958) condemned all forms of artificial insemination.
American archives reveal that the allies pampered Nazi elite in the War Criminal Prison No.1, Landsberg.  Elite prisoners were free to leave their cells, to access their bank accounts and even to run their businesses.  Many took Spanish lessons to prepare for their planned lives in South America.  The most prominent prisoner was Alfried Krupp, Hitler's favorite industrialist, who produced many of his arms using slave labor.   He even conducted the company's board of director meeting in a reserved room in prison.  Other prominent industrialists were Fredrich Flick, an arms dealer who later bankrolled the Christian Democratic Union, and General Erhard Miclch, second in command of the Luftwaffe, who became an aerospace consultant.  Another was General Frank Six, head of Hitler's secret service, who planned to cleanse Britain of Jews, homosexuals and political undesirables when they conduced a successful invasion of England.
Winston Churchill (1874-1965) said an 'Iron Curtain' is descending through middle Europe.  Joseph Stalin (1879-1953) said, that World War II was unavoidable and an inevitable consequence of 'Capitalist Imperialism' and implied that such a war might reoccur.


1947- as of May3,1947; Jap surrendered  militia and re-established its modern day Jap as of 1947.

1947- Last USA territorial acquisition recorded; 1783 USA territorial acquisition ends in 1947;
1947
Mariana Islands
179
United Nations Trust Territory; self-governing asNorthern Mariana Islands
1947
Caroline Islands
500
United Nations Trust Territory; 1986 most islands adopt commonwealth status asFederated States of Micronesia
1947
Marshall Islands
70
United Nations Trust Territory; 1979 self-governing; 1986 independent as Republic of the Marshall Islands
http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1049.html


1947
India and Pakistan achieve independence.
Chinese Civil War.  The Communists capture Nationalist Capital Yan'an.
Pope Pius XII (1939-1958) is labeled the German Pope and, within the Pontifical apartment, it is reported that only German is spoken.  His private secretary is a husky Bavarian, Father Leiber, who frequents typical German beer parlors and is frequented by SS War criminals, who hide under assumed names.
The Roman Catholic Church has refused to allow changes to the bible based on the revelations of the Dead Sea Scrolls until September 2001.  The fear was that these revelations would undermine Christianity.
March 7:  Formosa (Taiwan) is invaded by Chiang Kai Shek's troops that massacred between 18,000 to 28,000 people in three days, followed by rape and looting..  Those killed were mostly intellectuals, leaders, doctors, lawyers, teachers, and students, so reports foreign observers.  Taiwan is composed of 65% Han Taiwanese Chinese; 18% Hakka Taiwanese Chinese; 15% Mainline Chinese; 1,7% Aborigines who are considered 'aliens' stigmatized as social outcasts.


1948-First Jewish state in 2000years;
http://history.state.gov/milestones/1945-1952/creation-israel
Creation of Israel, 1948.

On May 14, 1948, David Ben-Gurion, the head of the Jewish Agency, proclaimed the establishment of the State of Israel. U.S. President Harry S. Truman recognized the new nation on the same day.
Eliahu Elath presenting ark to President Truman
Eliahu Elath presenting ark to President Truman
Although the United States supported the Balfour Declaration of 1917, which favored the establishment of a Jewish national home in Palestine, President Franklin D. Roosevelt had assured the Arabs in 1945 that the United States would not intervene without consulting both the Jews and the Arabs in that region. The British, who held a colonial mandate for Palestine until May 1948, opposed both the creation of a Jewish state and an Arab state in Palestine as well as unlimited immigration of Jewish refugees to the region. Great Britain wanted to preserve good relations with the Arabs to protect its vital political and economic interests in Palestine.
Soon after President Truman took office, he appointed several experts to study the Palestinian issue. In the summer of 1946, Truman established a special cabinet committee under the chairmanship of Dr. Henry F. Grady, an Assistant Secretary of State, who entered into negotiations with a parallel British committee to discuss the future of Palestine. In May 1946, Truman announced his approval of a recommendation to admit 100,000 displaced persons into Palestine and in October publicly declared his support for the creation of a Jewish state. Throughout 1947, the United Nations Special Commission on Palestine examined the Palestinian question and recommended the partition of Palestine into a Jewish and an Arab state. On November 29, 1947 the United Nations adopted Resolution 181 (also known as the Partition Resolution) that would divide Great Britain’s former Palestinian mandate into Jewish and Arab states in May 1948 when the British mandate was scheduled to end. Under the resolution, the area of religious significance surrounding Jerusalem would remain a corpus separatum under international control administered by the United Nations.
Although the United States backed Resolution 181, the U.S. Department of State recommended the creation of a United Nations trusteeship with limits on Jewish immigration and a division of Palestine into separate Jewish and Arab provinces but not states. The State Department, concerned about the possibility of an increasing Soviet role in the Arab world and the potential for restriction by Arab oil producing nations of oil supplies to the United States, advised against U.S. intervention on behalf of the Jews. Later, as the date for British departure from Palestine drew near, the Department of State grew concerned about the possibility of an all-out war in Palestine as Arab states threatened to attack almost as soon as the UN passed the partition resolution.
Despite growing conflict between Palestinian Arabs and Palestinian Jews and despite the Department of State’s endorsement of a trusteeship, Truman ultimately decided to recognize the state Israel.


1948
An earthquake at Ashgabat, Turkmenistan killed 110 thousand people.
The World Council of Churches is established but excludes the Roman Church.
Throughout July and August, in Communist Yugoslavia, the remainder of Father Krunoslav Draganovic's, Secretary of the Confraternity of San Girolamo in Rome, secret army of Crusaders, who had tried to infiltrate Croatia, are placed on trial along with other War Criminals.  The Vatican, through their Golden Priest (Draganovic), Bishop Gregory Rozman, one of the most wanted Nazi collaborators, and Father Josip Bujanovic, had launched a Holy Crusade (Krizari) against the atheistic Bolshevik foe.
The British Government secretly cabled all Commonwealth countries to stop all investigations of Nazi War Criminals because it might compromise English integrity, as they are recruiting War criminals for covert projects.  They contacted the Vatican for assistance to resettle Grey Nazis and asked America to help sabotage the screening process.  Thousands of Fascist settled in Canada, with the assistance of the Church, where they continued their anti-Semitic propaganda.  The Americans estimate that ten thousand Nazi War Criminals reside in their country and are still active in creating hate.  Britain is the only Western Nation to refuse any access to its intelligence archives and for good reason.
1949
Pius XII (1939-1958) threatened members of the Communism with excommunication something he didn't do to nazism.  The Pope allowed the Roman Church to attend the World Council of Churches and permitted Roman Catholics to engage in discussion with non-Romans on matters of faith.
The State of Israel is created.
The Peoples Republic of China is established.
South Africa begins its apartheid policy.
Aerial photos show a formation resembling a ship with dimensions fitting the Biblical story of Noah's Ark.
Pope Pius XI (1922-1939) published one Encyclical condemning Nazi teachings and the Church did not suffer.   Cardinal Roncalli, later John XXIII (1958-1963), handed out false baptismal certificates to every Jew he could and he is not harmed.  Pope Pius XII (1939-1958) wanted to be a major player on the international chessboard but ended up a pawn and, from a political perspective, is guilty of hypocrisy, incompetence and stupidity.  From a moral perspective, what Pope Pius XII (1939-1958) did, in the obstruction of justice by aiding and abetting the escape of known war criminals (mass murderers), knowingly receiving and trafficking stolen goods, fraudulently, using the Red Cross, forging identity cards, and money laundering under any International Law, should mean a long prison sentence.   Pope Pius XII (1939-1958) also abused diplomatic privilege by using Vatican buildings and vehicles to house and transport Nazi nationalists to other countries in violation of their immigration laws, thereby spreading the Nazi devil cancer to more fertile ground in the third world, significantly contributing to the cold war and the suffering of innocent peoples.  Pope Pius XII (1939-1958) and the next Pope, Paul VI (1963-1978), attempted to subvert hostile states, ferment insurrection for the Vatican advantage in its own geo-political interests, no different than the other major players.  The greatest crime is that the Vatican did not speak out for the victims but went to extraordinary lengths for the guilty.  Future historians will point to this period as the decline and fall of the unholy Roman Catholic Empire. They say that God will not ignore the cries of those lost souls, as the Church attends to her great worldly wealth.  The Church chose diplomacy over truth; temporal power over moral duty and this would carry into the second half of the century.
The Catholic Church is the most successful institution of European Civilization with about one billion members.  Some believe God will give the leaders of the Roman Church one last chance to repent and change its unholy tradition under Vatican II.
USSR detonated their first atomic explosion and the 'Cold War' 'Nuclear Arms Race' had begun.
Republic of China: Taiwan.
People's Republic of China.

1950
During the 1950’s:  The Dutch Roman Catholic Church castrated about 11 boys to rid them of homosexuality tendencies.  Castration was used by catholic authorities to chastise those accusing priest of sexual abuse and also as a method of purging homosexuality.  Thousands of children had been sexually abused while in Dutch institutes since 1945.  There was widespread abuse at schools, seminaries and orphanages involving 10’s of thousands of children.  The government of the days was involved and helped cover it up.
As a result the Dutch have a relaxed attitude on recreational drugs, prostitution, same-sex marriage, abortion and euthanasia which is the most liberal in the world. Prostitution is legal, soft drugs can be bought in coffee shops, and they were the first to legalize same sex marriage and euthanasia.

Pius XII (1939-1958) warned against the accommodation of Roman Catholic theology to current intellectual trends.
Pope Pius XII (1939-1958) adopted the hypothesis that Mary mother of God was assumed into heaven and made this belief a Catholic Doctrine.  Shaul Hawkins, an elder from the House of Yahweh from Abeline, Texas believes anyone who gives praise to Mary as more than just a woman who gave birth to Jesus is worshipping the devil.  He says there was no ascension into heaven and no special privileges given to her, and there is nothing in the Bible about her being an intercessor.
The Peoples Republic of China invades and seizes Tibet.
The Korean War 1950-1953.


1952-Apr28,1952 Treaty  of San Francisco intentionally excluded S. Korean Prez Rhee's attendance.
Korean Peninsula's territorial robbery was discussed among Jap, USA, Russia, Britain, and
NewChina of 1911.
-Annexation of pre-1910 Korean territories were and are occupied
by Jap-USA-Russia-Britain-New China as of 1910 to Present 2013 without consent of Koreans.



1951-At the San Francisco Peace Conference in 1951, while many countries were reluctant, Sri Lanka argued for a free Japan and refused to accept payment of reparations for World War IIdamage because it believed it would harm Japan's economy.[206] Sri Lanka-China relations started as soon as the PRCwas formed in 1949. The two countries signed an important Rice-Rubber Pact in 1952.[207] Sri Lanka played a vital role at the Asian–African Conference in 1955, which was an important step in the crystallisation of the NAM.[208]



1952
The last legal slave was sold in Tunis, Tunisian Republic this year.
October 23, 1956 rebellion broke out in Hungary.  November 2, Russian tanks surround Budapest.  The number of deaths totaled 25,000 with 15,000 being deported and 150,000 escaping to the West.  By December 8 all revolutionary workers councils are dissolved.
December 5-9: The Great London Fog caused the death of an estimated 8,000 people but later studies suggests the death rate was between 12,000 to 14,000 people.  Most deaths were young and old people with lung infections.  The cause was the burning of low quality, high sulfur coal which produced Sulphur dioxide that was trapped by a cold air inversion.  The recent concersion to diesel buses also contributed to the deaths.  This incident started the dirty fuels environmental movement.  Dirty fuels to generate electricity and such things as steel production still claim thousands of lives in the 21st century, each year.
1954
It was still illegal for Gypsies to enter Swedish territory at this time.  Before we get too smug, all religious denominations rejected Gypsies and Gypsy "half-breed".   Italy, Germany, Spain, Switzerland, Denmark and Norway were included in the hate group.
Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos gain independence from France.
China begins destroying Buddhist monesteries.
Algerian War of independence.
1956
Egypt nationalizes the Suez Canal, and declares war on France, Britain and Israel.
1957
USSR launches the first satellite called Sputnik I.
About 37,000 Hungarian refugees arrive in Canada after the USSR quashes the Hungarian uprising for freedom.
The Malayan Federation is formed.
The Asian Flu pandemic claimed 4 million lives world wide.
1958
In China Mao ordered the killing of sparrows because they destroyed crops.  The whole population was mobilized to achieve this mandate.  As a result locusts and other insects flourished and did more damage than the sparrows which resulted in the death of 30 million people.  This was called the age of madness.  This is likely the reason China is reluctant to endorse environmental issues like Global Warming until they are assured no adverse consequences will result.   A number of scientists share this concern.
China suffered a Great Famine (1958-1961) that resulted in 4.9 to 43 million deaths.
John XXIII alias Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli (1958-1963) is elected Pope.  An anti-Communist his outstanding achievement is the calling of the Second Vatican Council that he claimed as a sudden inspiration of the Holy Spirit.  The objective he said is a new Pentecost, a means of regeneration for the church, bringing its teachings, discipline, and organization up to date, and opening a way towards the reunion of the separated brethren of east and west.
In Czechoslovakia, law no.74 bans nomad's.  To enforce this policy, police kill all caravan horses and remove the wheels from their wagons. To remain a nomad is punishable by prison terms of six months to three years.

Bulgaria attempts an assimilation campaign by issuing a decree that prohibits Roma from traveling. Local councils are enjoined to channel them into factories and cooperative farms. This campaign will last for thirty years.
Charles de Gaulle (1890-1970) assumes power in France.
Saddam Majid Hussein (1937-2006), a Sunni Muslim, is arrested for killing his brother-in-law.  He gets six months in prison.


1898
Philippine Islands
115,800
Purchased from Spainfollowing military victory; independent in 1946
1898
Puerto Rico
3,508
Annexed following military victory over Spain
1898
Guam
209
Annexed following military victory over Spain


1898
Hawaiian Islands
6,450
Annexation of independent republic; statehood 1959




1953-Korea Divided without consent of korean Rep by USA-RuSSIA.


Agriculture[edit]


Farmland in the Netherlands
A highly mechanised agricultural sector employs 4% of the labour force but provides large surpluses for the food-processing industry and for exports. The Dutch rank third worldwide in value of agricultural exports, behind the United States and France, with exports earning $55 billion annually. A significant portion of Dutch agricultural exports are derived from fresh-cut plants, flowers, and bulbs, with the Netherlands exporting two-thirds of the world's total.[75]
The Netherlands also exports a quarter of all the world's tomatoes, and trade of one-third of the world's exports of chilis, tomatoes and cucumbers goes through the country. The Netherlands also exports one-fifteenth of the world's apples.[75]





1959
Pope John XXIII (1958-1963) issued an encyclical pleading for truth, unity and peace promoted in the spirit of love.
Aids was first detected in a blood sample from a man in Kinshasa, Congo.  It has been confirmed that aids originated among monkeys in Cameroon.
80,000 Tibet citizens flee to India as a result of the Chinese purge.
1960
The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) was formed by Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela to regulate production and price of crude oil..
One of the most disgraceful and disgusting practices took place at the Haut De La Garenne, a child care home, for orphan and poor class boys and girls, in Saint Martin, on the Channel Island of Jersey, UK, not far from the coast of France.  A pedophile ring operated by gay and lesbian workers sexually and physically abused the children, some as young as age 4 years, between 1960-1986, some suggest it was 1950-1986.  They would throw sex parties and invite outsiders to abuse the children.  The older kids were encouraged to rape the younger kids.  They would give teenagers cigarettes and booze from staff in exchange for sex.  Those who didn't conform were sent to a basement, shackled and placed in a cold concrete bath and left for days.   About 100 victims have so far come forward by 2008, many others are a long time dead.  Senator Stuart Syvriet a Minister of Health and Social Services was sacked for whistle blowing by Frank Walker, chief Minister.  About 109 people of interest have been identified, including 40 prime suspects.  Only the notorious pedophile Edward Paisnel, dubbed the Beast of Jersey, has been sent to jail and he was only a visitor, not a member of the staff.  The Officials of Jersey humiliated and intimidated many of the children into withdrawing their complaints over the years.  Anyone who spoke out against the staff were dismissed as anti-gay or mentally retarded.   Margaret Hodgers as Children's Minister tried to block media investigating into child abuse.  Finally stiffer dogs were employed and discovered the bricked-up cellar where the remains of five children ages 4 years to 11 years were discovered under a concrete floor.  The bodies had been dismembered and burnt to destroy evidence.  The concrete bath was found with traces of blood and child size shackles, confirmed the children's stories.  Other locations were discovered where bodies had been buried and removed.  The bones under the concrete floor also are believed to have been moved from another location.  No records were kept so the number of deaths is not known.  It can be assumed that other bodies were deposited else ware, likely the ocean.  In July 2008 British authorities suggest no criminal charges will ever be laid as the bones can't be properly identified.  It is said "This is just a continuum of an English culture of cover-up and concealment of disgraceful and disgusting practices."
The highest temperature recorded in Australia was 50.7° C. at Oodnadatta, Southe Australia.
May 22:  A wave reported 36 feet high kills 1,000 in Chile and causes damage in Hawaii, the Philippines, Okinawa and Japan.
1961
A coup of the French army in France and Algeria against the De Gaulle regime failed.
The great famine (1958-1961)  in China ended this year.  An estimated 36 million people died.  This equals the total number of deaths in WWII.  It was reasoned that 30% was due to natural factors and 70% was simple mismanagement.
1962
John XXIII (1958-1963) opened the Second Vatican Council that included observers of 18 non-Roman Churches and condemned any use of anathemas to restrict positive truth.  He had to intervene decisively in November to rule that the conservative schema on revelation, that had been rejected by more than half but not the necessary two-thirds of the fathers should be redrafted by a mixed commission.
This year a secret document titled "Crimen Sollicationis" was written by Cardinal Alfredo Ottaviani of the Vatican to evade prosecution of the clergy for sex crimes.  It bears the seal of Pope John XXIII and is a bluprint for deception and concealment of what the Vatican considers criminal conduct or what they consider the worst crime, pedophilia.  It imposed an oath of excommunication on the victims, witnesses, and any priests or Bishops dealing with the allegations.  Some considered this policy, which was distributed to all Bishops, world wide, as worse than the Mafia.  It created "a culture of secrecy and fear of scandal that led Bishops to place the interest of the Catholic Church ahead of the safety of children."  Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger enforced Crimen Sollicitionis for nearly 20 years before he became Pope.  This Pope still endorses a policy that punishes the innocent children and protects the pedophile clergy.  This policy remains in effect in 2007 and beyond.  This pathological cult of secrecy is far worse than sex crimes.
Saudi Arabia abolished slavery this year, however Muslim fundamentalism as supported by Saudi Arabia Wahhabi Muslim Sect still supports slavery of female children to older men.  The slave trade was abolished but not the keeping of slaves especially as concubines and in harems for sexual purposes.
1963
Measles effects everyone in the world and an estimated 200 million died of the disease in the past 150 years, it was first reported in 165 in Rome.  A vaccine developed this year claimed to reduced the cases of measles by 99%.  However studies in 2009 suggest that measles death rate has only fallen 78%.  Southeast Asia has only fallen 46% and is a major concern.

Pope John XXIII (1963-1978) drew a distinction between Marxist ideology and the aspirations of communist regimes and set out the recognition of human rights and duties as the foundation of world peace and for peaceful coexistence between West and the Communist East.  This position made a lasting impression on the Russia people.  Pope John XXIII (1963-1978) removed words offensive to Jews from the Good Friday liturgy and considered himself a Jew.  Speaking to a Jew he said "I am Joseph, your brother".  Paul VI Giovanni Battista Montini (1963-1978) is elected Pope.  Pope Paul VI (1963-1978) was cool if not critical of Pope John's Vatican Council.  He made it very clear that the pope has supreme authority in the church.  Some believe Pope Paul VI (1963-1978) implemented a modified Vatican Council decisions skillfully and with great courage without causing a major schism.  Others contend he abandoned the objectives of Pope John and the Holy Spirit.
1964
Poland approves settlement laws aimed at forcing Gypsy (Roma) to become sedentary. Those who fail to observe these laws are expelled from the country and stripped of their citizenship.
The Soviet Union developed a war plan in the event of an Imperialist strike.  Warsaw Pact forces planned to use 131 tactical nuclear missiles and bombs to sideline NATO armaments and destroy Western Europe's political and communications center.  Ground troops would then be sent in to cleanup and secure the area.
1965
The India-Pakistan War
1966
The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution in the People's Republic of China was a struggle for power within the Communist Party of China that manifested into wide-scale social, political, and economic violence and chaos, which grew to include large sections of Chinese society and eventually brought the entire country to the brink of civil war.
It was launched by Mao Zedong, the Chairman of the Communist Party of China, on May 16, 1966, officially as a campaign to rid China of its "liberal bourgeoisie " elements and to continue revolutionary class struggle. It is widely recognized, however, as a method to regain control of the party after the disastrous Great Leap Forward led to a significant loss of Mao's power to rivals Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping, and would eventually descend into waves of power struggles between rival factions both nationally and locally.
Although Mao himself officially declared the Cultural Revolution to have ended in 1969, the term is today widely used to also include the period between 1969 and the arrest of the Gang of Four in 1976.
The Grand Mufti of Saudi Arabia Sheik Abd Al Aziz Bin Abdillah Bin Baz d-1999 made two fatwas, 1st he declared that the earth is flat, 2nd he banned women from driving, but 3rd he allowed foreign troops of Saudi soil during the Gulf War (1991)..
May 16:  The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) by Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung) (1893-1976) starts in China an is sustained by the Red Guards.

1967
In the Cologne region of Germany, identity papers given to survivors of the Nazi concentration camps are withdrawn from Sinti and Gypsy (Roma) on the grounds that they could provide no written proof of their German nationality.
The Biafran War (1967-1970) begins and the Nigerian Government imposed a blockade around Biafria, effectively cutting off food supplies.  About 100,000 military died in this civil war.
April 21:  Four colonels of the Greek army took control of Greece through a military coup.  The leader was a man named George Papadopouloswas the dictator (1967-1974).
1968
Pope Paul VI (1963-1978) issued Humanae vitae and the Roman Church lost credibility as it totally ignored the input to the Vatican Council.  It condemned artificial methods of birth control despite the council favoring contraception in certain circumstances.  The Anglican Bishops rejected his encyclical as did over ninety percentage of Roman Catholics.  Pope Paul (1963-1978) is profoundly shaken by the critical international reaction fully aware that the infallibility dogma of the church makes his personal decision unretractable.  A dark shadow deepened over the Vatican and Pope Paul it is reported withdrew into himself.  Many believed the Holy Spirit had given the Roman Church one last chance to repent, to make restitution and to reconcile.  The clergy began to demand the marriage of clergy, ordination of women, and the rationalization of dogma.
USSR invades Czechoslovakia.
The Hong Kong Flu pandemic killed 750,000 people world wide.
January:  The Vatican finally closed the Office of the Inquisition thereby officially ending the Demonic Inquisition.  Some suggest 323,362 were martyrs of their faith, mostly Jews, Spaniards and Portuguese.
1970
Several Arab OPEC nations stopped selling oil to the United States and Holland.
Pope Paul VI (1963-1978) narrowly escaped assassination in Manila.
Jordan's Civil War (1970-1971) defeated the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO).  Syria invades Jordan but is driven back.
Oman abolishes slavery this year.
November 13: A cyclone kills about 200,000 to 500,000 people in East Pakistan (Bhola, Bangladesh).

1971
Idi Imin seizes power in Uganda.
The UAE (United Arab Emirate) is created from a federation of 7 Emirates, Abu Dhabi (the largest), Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Ras Al Khaimph and Umm Al Quwain.  It was formally known as Trucial States or Trucial of Oman.
India-Pakistan War begins.
August 1:  The Red River of North Vietnam flooded killing an estimated 100,000 people.
1972
In Czechoslovakia, a sterilization program for Gypsy (Roma) begins.
(CRU) Climate Research Unit in the East Anglia University is started this year as the first research center to study climate change.  This institute will go down in history as a corrupt Unit not dedicated to the principles of science.
February:  A blizzard in Iran caused 4,000 deaths.

1973
USA troops abandon South Vietnam.
During the period of 1926-1973 in Switzerland the charitable organization Projuventute's "children of the road" removed Gypsy and Traveler Children from their families and confined them into Residential Schools until they could be fostered or adopted - without Judicial input..
A military coup in Afghanistan abolishes the monarchy and establishes Muhammad Daud Khan as prime minister of the Republic of Afghanistan.
'Yom Kipper War' between Arab Nations and Israel.
1974
The Bangladesh famine of 1974 resulted in an official claims of 26 thousand deaths but other estimates place it as 1 million deaths.
Rumors circulated that Pope Paul VI (1963-1978) wanted to resign but is prevented by his office.
Turkey invades Cyprus.
1975
Lebanese Civil War.
Angolan independence is achieved from Portugal.
Khmer Rouge seized the Cambodian capital.
August 7:  A typhoon in China damaged the Banqiao dam causing a flood, Zhumadian, Henan Province, China resulted in 100 to 230 thousand deaths.  The flood from the dam is estimated as 100,000 thousand deaths.  Some say 86,000 died directly from the flood and 145,000 died from subsequent disease.
1976
India finally abolished the slave trade but the keeping of slaves mostly concubines remained.
July 28:  Tangshan, Hebi, China earthquake killed 242 to 255 thousand people.
August 16:  A tsunami kills more than 5,000 people in the Moro Gulf Region of the Philippines.
1977
There is a military coup in Pakistan
1978
An earthquake at Tabas, Iran killed 25 thousand people.
John Paul I alias Albino Luciani (1978-1978) a defender of Humanae vitae is elected Pope.  He is the first non-Italian elected for 455 years.  His family are outspoken socialists.  Rumors of foul play, fanned by the lack of an autopsy, continue to circulate.  John Paul II (1978-2005 ) a Slav is elected Pope.  He had argued for religious freedom contending that the church must grant to others the liberty of thought, action and speech that she claimed for herself.  He is forced to defend Humanae vitae, on marriage, contraception, abortion and homosexuality.  He tried to restore the morale and effectiveness of the infamous Jesuit (Society of Jesus).
John Paul I is elected Pope (for 34 days.) He determines that he will look into the scandals of the Vatican connections with the Mafia and the powerful group of Freemasons known as P.2.  It is reported that the night before his alleged murder, he gave Cardinal Villot a list of people he wanted removed from positions of power.  The Cardinal later gave false statements to the police and press about the circumstances of John Paul I death.  The list has not been seen since.  Also, hastily, and against all Catholic tradition and beliefs, the body of the Pope is cremated to ensure no investigation.  Rumor is that he was poisoned.  Twelve Cardinals are believed a part of the conspiracy.  The Christian community loses more faith in the Institutional Church as Pope Paul II (1978-2005) will fail to clean up the Church.
The compromise for silence is to elect Pope John Paul II, (1920-2005) named Karol Josef Wojtyla and the first non Italian Pope in four and a half centuries.  The Polish Pope freezes dispensations for priests leaving the priesthood and celibacy , as the exodus has been appalling.  John Paul II (1978-2005) is a highly conservative Pope, not likely to bring liberalization.  The Church will face a world wide shortage of priests because of its failure to liberalize its thinking.
Italian Prime Minister Aldo Morois is assassinated.
There is a majority Black rule in Rhodesia.
April:  A Communist-backed coup in Afghanistan results in the assassination of Daud Khan and the establishment of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan.


1938
Kanton andEnderburyislands
3.5
3.0
Joint occupation withBritain; independent asKiribati in 1979



1979
The World Health Organization declares smallpox as eradicated.  It is believed to have originated in Africa as early as 68 thousand B.C.  It spread to America in 1520.  It is estimated that between 300-500 million people died in the 20th century.  It is the most lethal of all human diseases.
Saddam Hussein (1937-2006) began his campaign to kill all his rivals and boasted of his campaign to unite the Kurds, Sunni and Shi'ia peoples of Iraq and called the mass murders as expediency.   He would be charged in 2006 with genocide.
Ayatollah Khomeini a Shi'a cleric came to power in Iran and extremists (Wahhabi) took over the holiest of Islam's shrines, the Mosque in Mecca, which was under the protection of the Saudi King a Sunni;  It was reclaimed by the Saudis only after substantial loss of both life and face.  The Kingdom was forced to accommodate the Wahhabi Muslim Sect to the detriment of the world and Islam.  Saudi turned over the education system to the Wahhabi and later funded their expansion into Pakistan, and else ware of their extreme, hostile anti-modern, anti-infidel form of Islam.  The Wahhabi would focus on anti-American and anti-Israel in exchange the Saudi elite would get a free ride as corruption within the Kingdom would be ignored.  They rewrote the Qur'an to insert hatred of the Jews and Americans.  The changes included a focus on intolerance, hate and jihad.  Saudi Arabia Wahhabi would spread terrorism throughout the world using the oil revenues.  The oil riches and Wahhabi education would destroy the youth of the Kingdom by focusing on religious intolerance rather than academic skills need to manage a modern country.   95% of Saudi youth would learn to relish jihad against the infidels, both Muslims and non Muslims.
Pope John Paul II (1978-2005) is credited with the start of a process that eventually caused the collapse of communism.
 The First Global Revolution (1997) Published by the Club of Rome in a think tank.  Concluded in 1979;
"In searching for a new enemy to unite us, we came up with the idea that pollution, the threat of 'Global Warming', water shortages, famine and the like would fit the bill.. All these dangers are caused by Human Intervention"
Jan.-Feb:  The Islamic Revolution in Iran under Ayatollah Khomeini.
July 16: Saddam Majid Hussein (1937-2006), a Sunni Muslim, takes over as Iraqi president from Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr, his cousin.
Apr. 1:  Khomeini declares Iran an Islamic Republic.
October:  Pope John Paul I is a Polish citizen so the Polish Secret service assign their agent Father Konrad Stanislaw Hejmo, alias Hejnal and Dominik, a Dominican to the Vatican where he worked for the next ten years as a spy.  The Dominican Order says he was not a spy that he was just naive and loose lipped.  Hejmo however said he received money for some of the information.
Dec:  The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan props up the Afghan regime in its battle against the mujehaddin.
1980
An earthquake of magnitude 6.5 hit southern, Italy killing 3,000 people.
The Islamic Republic of Mauritania a Muslim dominated country (99.84% Muslim) finally abolished the slave trade but the keeping of slaves mostly concubines still persisted.  The ethnic tension and the sensitive issue of slavery – past and, in some areas, present – is still a powerful theme in the country's political debate.   Some 70,000 black African Mauritanians were expelled from Mauritania in the late 1980s..
The Islamic slave trade is estimated at 180 million people at 60% women for sexual exploitation as concubines, for harems and to serve military men.  Most men slaves were castrated and many children born to slave women were killed at birth.  It is noteworthy that the America slave trade was 60% men and 40% women and children and castration was not a common practice
September 22:  Saddam Majid Hussein (1937-2006), a Sunni Muslim, of Iraq attacks Iran starting an eight year war 1880-1888.  One million Iranians are killed.  Iraq used poison gas against Iran.  It is assumed the Iranians are considered as infidels.
Saddam Hussein (1937-2006) of Iraq makes a surprise attack on Iran, the start of a seven year war.  It is estimated that 100's of thousands are killed and the country is forced into debt.  The Iranian people however blame the U.S.A. not Iraq for the war.  Everyone in Iran and Iraq knows that Saddam Hussein (1937-2006) is a monster.  Some say as a dictator he is ready to sacrifice his country, just as long as he can remain on his throne in Baghdad.
1981
May 13:  Pope John Paul II (1978-2005) was gunned down in St. Peter's Square.  A Turkish terrorist Mehmet Ali Agca, b-1858 was the assassin.  He wrote "I am killing the pope as a protest against the imperialism of the Soviet Union and the United States and against the genocide that is being carried out in El Salvador and Afghanistan."  It was originally speculated that the Soviet KBG was behind the attack and this was confirmed in 2006 that the hit was ordered by the Soviet KGB and assigned to Bulgarian embassy who engaged Turkish terrorists.  East German service known as the Stasi coordinated the operation and covered up the traces afterwards.  The Russians blamed John Paul with the breakup up of the Soviet Empire.
October 6:  Egypt, Muslim fundamentalists assonated Anwar Sadat (1918-1981) because in September of 1981, Sadat cracked down on Muslim organizations and Coptic organizations, including student groups; the arrests totaled nearly 1600, and for his activity in working for peace in the Middle East.
1982
The Falklands war is waged between March and June of 1982.  The war was between the United Kingdom and Argentina.  General Leopoldo Galtien believed he could annex the Falkland Islands and it would be a quick and easy activity.  The United Kingdom made a quick and decisive reoccupation of the Island and the Galten government fell.
The USSR outlaws solidarity in Poland.
Pope John Paul II (1978 -2005 ) and President Ronald Reagon of the United States hatched a secret holy alliance (plot) on June 7, to keep Poland's outlawed Solidarity Union alive, headed by Lech Walesa, future President, and to de stabilize Soviet control of Eastern Europe.  Ronald Reagon said, "Both felt that a great mistake had been made (in the 1945 division of Europe) at Yalta and something should be done".  The Pope and the President exploited the forces of history to their own ends.  Agostino Cardinal Casaroli and Archbishop Achille Silvestri met with Secretary of State Alexander Haig and Judge William Clark, National Security Advisors.  The Vatican used its priests and bishops in a spy and supply network, providing tons of equipment, fax machines, printing presses, transmitters, telephones, video cameras, photocopiers, computers and word processors. Secret Vatican accounts were funded by money from the CIA.  The covert action is also directed at Hungary and Czechoslovakia.
Syria government army killed 20,000 citizens putting down a Islamite revolt.
May12: Pope John Paul II (1978 -2005 ) was attacked by Father Juan Fernandez Krohn, a Spanish priest in Portugal at the Fatima shrine.  Some speculate it was because the pope was 20% Jewish and 80% Polish and not the traditional Italian.  He suffered only minor wounds which was not made public.
1984
The 1984-85 famine in Ethiopia resulted in 1 million deaths.
Italy and the Vatican signed an agreement under which Roman Catholicism ceased to be the State Religion.
December 3: Bhopal, India;  A pesticide plant run by Union Carbide spewed about 40 tons of deadly methyl isocyanate gas into the city's air, quickly killing about 4,000 people. The lingering effects of the poison raised the death toll to about 15,000 over the next few years, according to government estimates.  Union Carbide was bought by Dow Chemical Co. in 2001  The government says at least 500,000 people were affected by the gas, also known as MIC. Activists say thousands of children born to parents directly exposed to the gas or poisoned by contaminated water are suffering from brain damage, cleft lips, missing palates and twisted limbs.  Union Carbide Corp., an American chemical company, said the accident was an act of sabotage by a disgruntled employee who was never identified, and not the result of lax safety standards or faulty plant design, as claimed by some activists.  No matter how you cut it, it was the world's worst industrial disaster.
1985
Pope John Paul II (1978-2005), in a Jewish synagogue, deplored the hatreds and persecutions of the past against Jews, by anyone.  He repeated the last phrase, "by anyone".  To any church historian the second    'by anyone' included the Roman Catholic Church.  This small proclamation, however, would not stop Jewish persecution by the Church.  The Pope has only to observe Poland to see that Jewish discrimination is being continued.  He fails to censure these Polish leaders of the Church.

1986
The United States of America bomb Tripoli and Benghazi. Libya.  Gadhafi's (1942-2011) adopted daughter was killed and his two sons wounded.  Moammar Gadhafi (1942-2011) had agreed not to make atomic weapons and missiles to deliver them.  Inspectors reported atomic bombs were almost finished and missiles are being built.
April 25:  Chernobyl Nuclear disaster takes place in the Ukraine, USSR and about 300,000 to 400,000 people died resulting in the worst nuclear accident in the world.  Safety procedures were ignored during a routine reactor test but the reactor was a flawed design.  Most folks had no idea there was a nuclear accident.  After 9 days 135,000 people were evacuated which eventually rose to 360,000 people. Some suggest the radiation has affected 7 million people.  The radiation is expected to remain for 48,000 years but some believe it will not be low enough to reoccupy the area for 600 to 900 years.  About 650,000 people were sent to clean up the site without protective clothing and 10,000 were known to die outright.  Others suffered grotesque mutations but these are not reported.  The area affected is the size of France, but some places are relatively free from radiation while others are hot spots.  Areas of plant growth are higher than concrete and buildings are more dangerous than open spaces.
1987
A heat wave struck the Mediterranean and killed 1000 to 1500 people in Greece, Bosnia, Serbia, Turkey and Italy.  This occurred during the El Nino cycle of 1986-1987 in the Pacific Ocean.
Saddam Majid Hussein, a Sunni Muslim, (1937-2006), dictator of Iraq ordered 'The Anfal Campaign' (1987-1988) a Jihad against the Kurds, 180,000 Kurds disappeared and 4,000 villages were destroyed.  The world considers this a genocide act.  In 2006 Saddam, his cousin Ali Hussein Al-Majid aka 'Chemical Ali', Sultan Hasim, and Sader Al-Douri are formally charged with causing the 1988 gassing of 5,000 Kurds at the village of Haladja in northern Iraq.
Hamas is founded as an Islamic Jihad rejecting PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization) when the PLO endorsed peaceful co-existance with Israel.
1988
An earthquake at Spitak, Armenia resulting in the death of 25 thousand people.  Spitak was basically destroyed and rebuilt in a new location.

March 28:  Saddam Majid Hussein, a Sunni Muslim, (1937-2006), dictator of Iraq ordered the gassing of the Iraq Kurdish town of Halabaja killing 5,000 in one day and injuring 10,000.
August:  Many other Kurdish villages on the Turkey boarder were gassed with 1,000's being killed.
1989
The Tiananmen square massacre occurred in China.  A courageous young man captured the imagination of the whole world, when he single-handedly stopped the advance of a tank column by standing in its way.   On June 3 troops received orders to reclaim Tiananmen Square at all costs.  The soldiers opened fire on people blocking the armies advances and on people shouting at the troops.  The estimated number killed range from 500 to 3,000.  The demonstrators were mostly students who had occupied the square for 7 weeks.  The army searched the university campus searching for ringleaders who were beaten or killed.  Deng Xiaoping is believed to have ordered the massacre.
In the Chinese language, the incident is most commonly known as the June Fourth Movement (simplified Chinese: 六四运动; traditional Chinese: 六四運動), theJune Fourth Incident (Chinese: 六四事件), or colloquially, simply Six-four (June 4th) (Chinese: 六四). The nomenclature of the former is consistent with the customary names of the other two great protest actions that occurred in Tiananmen Square: the May Fourth Movement of 1919, and the April Fifth Movement of 1976. Other names which have been used in the Chinese language include June Fourth Massacre (Chinese: 六四屠城; pinyin: Liù-Sì Túchéng or Chinese: 六四屠杀; pinyin: Liù-Sì Túshā). The government of the People's Republic of China has referred to the event as the Political Turmoil between Spring and Summer of 1989 (Chinese: 春夏之交的政治風波).
Soviet troops withdraw from Afghanistan.
The Berlin Wall comes down.
May 24:  Paul Touvier (1915-1996) was a French Nazi collaborator.  He was a non repentant, and claimed to be a devout Roman Catholic.   In 1994, he was the first Frenchman convicted of crimes against humanity for his actions in Vichy France during WWII.  On September 10, 1946, he was sentenced to death in absentia for treason and collusion with the Nazis.   In 1947 the Roman Catholic Church protected this evil man for over 40 years hiding him and his family in their church Priory’s.  On May 24, 1989, Touvier was arrested at the Society of Saint Pius X (SSPX) Priory in Nice, France.
This was a worse atrocity committed by the Roman Catholic Church since the so called Vatican Rat line, after the WWII.   The Vatican Rat Line helped Nazis accused of crimes against humanity escape to South America, the Paul Touvier case they hid him within France and refused to turn him over to authorities.
December 17:  USA invades Panama.  On December 15, Noriega received the title of Chief Executive Officer.  He declared war on the United States.  A Panamanian solder killed an unarmed US marine officer dressed in civilian cloths.  The United States responded on December 17 when President George Bush ordered troops into Panama.  Noriega was captured, tried in Miami, Florida and jailed.
1990
An earthquake at Manjil Rudbar, Iran resulted in the death of 35 thousand people.
Less than ten percent of English attends church and this is indicative of Europe as a whole.  Wales has the lowest rate in England.  Ninety percent of British parents admit to smacking their children and a radical proposal to make it illegal for parents to smack their children will be put to British MP's in May.
Sao Tome e Principe, two island 320 kilometers west of Gabon is settled by Jewish children deported from Portugal during the Inquisition.  It then became a transit point for the slave trade.  Pope John Paul II (1978-2005 ) in 1992 deplored the Roman Catholic Church's condoning of that sad offense to human dignity.
Laser enhancement of satellite photo reportedly shows a boxlike shape, broken in half on Mt Ararat and presumed to be Noah's Ark by some.
Sheik Muhammed Hisham Kabbani the Lebanese-American chairman of the Islamic Supreme Council of America, based in Washington, D.C. was shocked to hear Wahhabism being preached in America.  It was never heard in Lebanon.
May: The Republic of Yemen is founded with 17 million people and they have 50 million guns and the majority of men are addicted to Qat a mild drug.
August 2:  Saddam Majid Hussein (1937-2006), a Sunni Muslim, of Iraq invades Kuwait 1990-1991.  He states that Kuwait does not have the right to exist.   He is admired by many  for trying to unite the Arab world by his actions.  He refused to comply with a United Nations order to quit Kuwait.
November 29:   Canada joined other members of the UN Security Council in using all necessary means to drive Iraq from Kuwait.  Thirty four nations side with the United States to free the Kuwait people.
December 6:   Iraqi President Saddam Hussein (1937-2006) allowed all foreigners to leave Iraq and Kuwait.
December 14:   All known Canadians in Iraq and Kuwait have left these countries.

1991
Yugoslavian Civil War begins.
The United States and its allies, in six weeks, humbled Iraq and Saddam Hussein (1937-2006) who resurfaced from his underground bunker unrepentant.  Iraq was crippled with roads being impassable, telephone and sewish systems are destroyed.  Harsh international sanctions and reparation debt were imposed.  Saddam Hussein (1937-2006) claiming his Battle-of-Battles is a victory for Iraq.  The sky is red with fire as Saddam had ordered the oil fields burnt.
January:   The republics of Croatia and Slovenia, north and west of Bosnia-Herzegovina, seek to loosen the Yugoslavia federation.  Ethnic and religious violence grows threatening again to ignite a world war.  The Bosnia Muslim, Serb Orthodox Christian and Croat Roman Catholic are all Slav descendents.  Canada called for United Nations intervention in Yugoslavia.  Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney in London said that in the end we are our brother’s keepers.
January 16:  The Gulf War begins following the invasion of Kuwait by Iraq.
February:  President Bush declares a cease-fire in Iraq.
June 15:  Mt. Pinatubo in the Philippines erupted and one month later Mt. Hudson in southern Chile erupted.  The Pinatubo eruption produced the largest sulfur oxide cloud this century.  The aersol plume of these two eruptions diffused around the globe in a matter of months.  As a result the mean world temperature decreased by about 1 degree Centigrade over the next two years.
July 16:  A cyclone struck the Chittagong district of Bangladesh killing 138,866 people, most being drown.
October 28:   Chief Dead Sea Scroll editor John Strugnell of Harvard Divinity School called Judaism a horrible religion that was originally racist, a Christian heresy that should never have survived.  He ended by recommending Jews convert to Christianity.  This is a long held belief of the Roman Catholic Church.  Some contend that Strugnell is more Catholic than the Pope and represents the furthest right of right wing politics.

1992
Recently, a former slave from the Nuba Mountains of Sudan, Mende Nazer, had her autobiography:  "Slave:  My True Story" published.  Mende was captured in 1992, she was first a slave to a rich Arab family in Khartoum, and then in 2002 to a Sudanese diplomat in London, from whom she escaped and sought political asylum.   The Republic of Sudan is 70% Muslim and is believed to be still involved in the slave trade into the 21 century, especially in women.
Bishop Meaux of Paris recruited Father Patrick Rosiest, a self proclaimed Communist, a robust active member of the CGT trade union (communist union) since the close of the last war.  His mission as an undercover agent is to infiltrate, using sins of omission, the Euro-Disney operation to determine the cultural and spiritual effect these Americans might have on his flock.
February 6:  The Holy Synod of the Greek Orthodox Church accused Pope John Paul II (1978-2005) of using underhanded and deceitful methods to strengthen his influence in Eastern Europe. The dispute concerns the role of Eastern Rite Catholics, or Uniates, who recognize the authority of the Pope while using Orthodox ritual. They represent three hundred million Christians.  The Greek Synod claims Eastern Rite Catholics in Yugoslavia, Ukraine and Romania are taking advantage of the end of communist rule to claim their Church property.  They suspended talks with the Roman Catholics concerning major spiritual differences between the Churches.   The two Church groups split in 1054.
1993
Senator Joseph R. Biden of Delaware, United States denounced Europe for its indifference, timidity, self-delusion and Hypocrisy towards the Yugoslavia situation.  Europe does not feel morally, emotionally or politically strong enough to take on the rigors of war.
Former Soviet states seek independence.
Czechoslovakia separates.
A tsunami hit Okushiri, Japan generating waves up to 102 feet, killing 239 people.
May 8:  At the Mafia capital of Trapani, Sicily, Pope John Paul II (1978-2005), being pressured by Bishop Dominico Amoroso, mildly criticized the Mafia by saying the "Mafioso challenges be answered with humble strength".  Many Church members and organizations have been urging the Pope, since his election, to denounce the Mafia and to encourage Church Officials, who are linked to the Mafia by family traditions, culture, imprudent friendships and common interests, to step aside from Church Offices.  Pope John Paul I (1978-2005) was alleged killed by Mafia Cardinals when he tried to purge the Church of these people.
September 1:   Hans Kung, a Swiss Roman Catholic theologian, is the main author of a Spiritual Global Ethic document which is to be signed by 200 spiritual leaders from most major religions of the world.  The document reserved its harshest criticism for the sins of religion; where two-thirds of armed conflict invokes the name of religion.  Religion has incited aggression, fanatism, hate and xenophobia.  It has even inspired and legitimized violent and bloody conflicts and goes on to state that we, the signors, are filled with disgust.  We condemn aggression and hatred in the name of religion.

1994
A heat wave in east Asia killed over 1000 people in China, Japan and South Korea during the El Nino of 1994-1995 in the Pacific Ocean.  739 people died in Chicago in 1995 during the heat wave.
Pope John Paul II (1978 - 2005) is in declining health and has spent considerable effort  ensuring the ultra conservatives will elect a conservative upon his death.  In the last twenty-five years, since Humane Vitae and the banning of all forms of birth control, only 7,000 priests are studying for the priesthood vs. 45,000 in 1968.  At best, only 30 percent still attend church.  Others suggest only 20%.  The Roman Church's sexual suppression expanded from no birth control to include no pre-martial sex, no married priests, no women priests, no acceptance of homosexuality and no abortion for any reason.  Over 125,000 priests have resigned the priesthood causing crises in the church.  Resigned priests are forbidden to read at church, give communion, teach theology, teach religion or be a councilor.  In effect, they can't remain an active member of the church.  It is noteworthy that, historically, the Roman Church had refused to baptize or bury a miscarried fetus.  The Church would go a long way in it’s own reform if it would give up on its own belief in infallibility.
Pope John Paul II (1978-2005) established diplomatic relations between the Vatican and Israel.
Anti-war activists are pleased when no one intervened in the Rwandian situation.  As a result, 800,000 people were massacred in 100 days.  The UN had 2,519 peacekeepers in Rwandia the most heavily armed contingent.  The UN withdrew to neighboring Uganda.  This sent a powerful message to the world, don't expect the UN to prevent genocide of innocent peoples.  If 800,000 Americans were massacred the anti-war activists would be shouting for a nuclear strike.
This is considered one of the worst genocide campaigns waged in the world.  Desire Munyaneza formally of Rwanda is being held in Montreal, Canada, being charged with war crimes, genocide and crimes against humanity in which 800,000 Tutsis & Hutus were killed in a three month period.  
April 6:  A campaign of genocide began after the Rwandan Presidents jet was shot down over Kigali, Rawanda.  A 100 day campaign saw the slaughter of 500,000 Tutsis and politically moderate Hutus.  Others suggest the death of one million people within a three month period.  The war was between the Hutus (88% of population) and the Tutsis (11% of the population).  The Tutsis prevailed and the Hutus fled; 2 million to Zaire, 480,000 to Tanzania, 200,000 to Burundi, 10,000 to Uganda and about 1 million remained within Rwanda where many more died of starvation or were killed.  The Presidential Guard started the massacres and Theoneste Bagosora is believed to be the authority behind the slaughter.  Bagosora, Gratien, Kabiligi, Anatole Nesengiyumva, and Alots Ntabakuze have been charged.
1995
Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin (1922-1995) is assassinated.
Bosnian Christian Serbs took the town of Srebrenica and systematically killed 8,000 Bosnian Muslim, Men and boys.
July:  The actions of the Dutch peacekeepers of the United Nation disarmed thousands of Muslim men, thereby encouraged, aided, and emboldened the execution of more than 8,000 Muslim men and boys at Srebrenica.  The Serbs Radovan Karadzic and Ratko Mladic are responsible for this atrocity and remain at large.  The International War Tribunal indicted Mladic, Obrenovis, Krstic and Radoven Karadzic.  Krstic was sentenced to 46 years in prison and Dragan Obrenovis is sentenced to 17 years in prison.  General Radivot Krstic announced to his troops "you must kill everyone.  We don't need anyone alive".   The Serb army that carried out these commands are as guilt as the leaders.  The United Nations shares the guilt for not providing enough armed troops to ensure the safety of the people.

1996
The North Korean famine of (1996-1998) resulted in 1.2 million deaths.
The last Mary Magdalene asylums are closed in Ireland this year.   They were run by the Dominican Sisters of Mercy.  It is believed 30,000 victims were processed through these slave camps.   This institutional system of cruelty was justified by a perverted hysteria about sex.  Millions of pounds were paid out in settlement to the victims but many lives were destroyed.
February 20:  Saddam Hussein (1937-2006) dictator of Iraq orders the murder of his two son-in-laws.
1997
The Taliban take control of Afghanistan.
December:  The Kyoto Protocol of mans alleged influence on climate change or commonly called the greenhouse effect is created in Kyoto Japan and will prove to be the biggest hoax of the twentieth century.  This hoax was started by Michael Mann based on unsound science and the environmentalists like lemmings jumped on the band wagon.


1997- Stock Market Crash in Korea devastate Korean Economy much like the Ten Year Poverty from 1929-1939 of USA Great Depression.
      IMF loan of KOREA marks Korea's economic recovery since 1997.


  developing economies according to the IMF
  developing economies out of scope of the IMF
  graduated to developed economy
 * IMF; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund
According to the International Monetary Fund, Sri Lanka has a yearly gross domestic output of US$59 billion as of 2010.[3] It has a GDP of US$116 billion in terms of purchasing power parity. With a nominal value of US$2,877 and a PPP value of US$5,673, Sri Lanka is second only to the Maldives in the South Asian region in terms of per capita income.[3] It recorded a GDP growth of 8.3% in 2011.[229]


The Colombo World Trade Center in Colombo. Presidential Secretariat, Bank of Ceylon and Galadhari Hotel are also visible in the image.
In the 19th and 20th centuries, Sri Lanka became a plantation economy, famous for its production and export of cinnamon, rubber andCeylon tea, which remains a trademark national export.[230] The development of modern ports under British rule raised the strategic importance of the island as a centre of trade.[231] From 1948 to 1977 socialismstrongly influenced the government's economic policies. Colonial plantations were dismantled, industries were nationalised and a welfare state established. In 1977 the Free market economy was introduced to the country, incorporatingprivatisation, deregulation and the promotion of private enterprise.[114]
While the production and export of tea, rubber, coffee, sugar and other commodities remain important, industrialisation has increased the importance of food processing, textiles,telecommunications and finance. The country's main economic sectors are tourism, tea export, clothing, rice production and other agricultural products. In addition to these economic sectors, overseas employment, especially in the Middle East, contributes substantially in foreign exchange.[232] As of 2010, the service sector makes up 60% of GDP, the industrial sector 28%, and the agriculture sector 12%.[232] The private sector accounts for 85% of the economy.[233] India is Sri Lanka's largest trading partner.[234]

Reported by IMF; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developing_country
List of graduated developing economies[edit]

The following, including four Asian Tigers and new euro countries, were considered developing countries until recently, and are now listed as advanced economies by the International Monetary Fund:
 Hong Kong (before 1997)[17]
 Israel (before 1997)
 Singapore (before 1997)
 South Korea (before 1997)
 Taiwan (before 1997)
 Cyprus (before 2001)[18]
 Slovenia (before 2007)[19]
 Malta (before 2008)[20]
 Czech Republic (before 2009)[21]
 Slovakia (before 2009)
 Estonia (before 2011)[22]
 San Marino (before 2012)[23]
Newly industrialized countries (NICs) are nations with economies more advanced and developed than those in the developing world, but not yet with the full signs of a developed country.[4][5][6][7] NIC is a category between developed and developing countries. It includes Brazil, China, India, Indonesia,[24] Malaysia, Mexico, Philippines,South Africa, Thailand and Turkey.
The Advanced Emerging Markets are:[25] Brazil, Hungary, Malaysia, Mexico, Poland, South Africa, Taiwan and Turkey.
Countries with long-term civil war or large-scale breakdown of rule of law ("failed states") (e.g. Democratic Republic of Congo, Afghanistan, Somalia) or non-development-oriented dictatorship (North Korea, Myanmar andZimbabwe).[citation needed]
Some countries that the IMF considers to be "developing countries", such as Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas,Barbados, Brunei, Equatorial Guinea, Trinidad and Tobago and the Arab states of the Persian Gulf are classified as "developed countries" by the World Bank.


1997- StockMarket Crash in Korea.
Korea seeks IMF Loan.

1997 Jan 24
The Red Cross issued an appeal for aid to North Korea where it was reported that tens of thousands of people were on starvation rations after 2 years of heavy rains.

1997 Jan 25
Responding to recent cases of deadly food poisoning, President Clinton promised to seek $43 million dollars to implement an early warning system for food contamination.
Links: USA, Food, ClintonB     Click to see the source(s) for this event

1997 Jan 25
In China it was reported that winter storms had stranded some 320,000 people in Xinjiang province and that many were close to starvation.
Links: China, Food     Click to see the source(s) for this event
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1997 Jan 29
In Sierra Leone the UN World Food Program announced a 6-month $19.4 million food aid operation.
Links: UN, Sierra Leone, Food     Click to see the source(s) for this event

1997 Jan
A jury awarded Food Lion $5.5 million against ABC. The jury held that ABC was guilty of fraud, trespass and breach of loyalty in its pursuit of the news story on food handling practices by Food Lion.
Links: USA, TV, Food, Lawsuit, Fraud     Click to see the source(s) for this event

1997 Feb 28
Del Monte announced that it would be sold to the Texas Pacific Group for about $800 million.
Links: Food, M&A, Texas     Click to see the source(s) for this event

1997 Apr 3
About 2,000 youngsters in California and Georgia lined up for shots to protect them against hepatitis from a contaminated shipment of frozen strawberries.
Links: GeorgiaUS, California, Microbiology, Food     Click to see the source(s) for this event

1997 May 24
In the Ukraine the first McDonald’s restaurant opened.
Links: Ukraine, Food     Click to see the source(s) for this event
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1997 May
In Australia the Cadbury Schweppes company launched Yowies. They were miniature plastic bush animals covered in chocolate with names such as Boof, Rumble and Ditty that quickly became the champion in pester power.
Links: Australia, Food     Click to see the source(s) for this event

1997 Jun 19
McDonald's won a libel case in London against two vegetarian activists, even though the judge said he agreed with some of the defendants' sharpest criticisms of the fast-food giant.
Links: Britain, Food     Click to see the source(s) for this event

1997 Jun 23
The San Francisco Food Bank, the largest distributor of food for the needy in the city, opened a new storage facility on Potrero Hill with cold storage capability.
Links: USA, SF, Food     Click to see the source(s) for this event

1997 Aug 9
It was reported that 800,000 children of North Korea were in immediate danger of dying from malnutrition. UNICEF was appealing for a $14.3 million emergency fund for supplies such as high-energy milk.
Links: North Korea, Food     Click to see the source(s) for this event

1997 Aug 12
A hamburger recall issued to cover some 1.2 million pounds. The Hudson Foods Inc., of Rogers, Ark., issued the recall due to E. coli poisonings in Colorado. [see 8/21]
Links: USA, Colorado, Food, Arkansas     Click to see the source(s) for this event
1997 Aug 15
The US government expanded its recall of ground beef sold under the Hudson brand name to 1.1 million pounds because of new evidence of possible contamination by E. coli bacteria.
Links: USA, Microbiology, Food     Click to see the source(s) for this event

1997 Aug 21
A hamburger recall was extended to cover some 25 million pounds. The Hudson Foods Inc., of Rogers, Ark., closed its Nebraska beef-processing facility under a "non-negotiable" recommendation by Agricultural Sec. Dan Glickman due to E. coli poisonings in Colorado.
Links: USA, Colorado, Food, Arkansas, Nebraska     Click to see the source(s) for this event

1997 Oct 7
PepsiCo Inc. spun off its restaurant businesses that included Taco Bell, Pizza Hut, and KFC. The new company under David Novak was called Tricon until 2000, when it changed its name to Yum! Brands. By the end of 2004 growth and expansion in China produced sales of $9 billion. In 2007 Novak with John Boswell authored “The Education of an Accidental CEO.
Links: USA, Food, M&A, Cola     Click to see the source(s) for this event

1997 Oct 14
Ray Fred Smith (78) and Perry L. Adkinson (68) were awarded the World Food Prize for their work on integrated pest management (IPM).
Links: USA, Food     Click to see the source(s) for this event

1997 Oct 24
In Bolivia the first McDonald’s restaurant opened in La Paz.
Links: Bolivia, Food

1997
PepsiCo Inc. introduced Lay’s potato chips in China.
Links: USA, China, Food     Click to see the source(s) for this event

1997
In Colombia Chiquita Brands Int’l. began paying the AUC paramilitaries after it threatened attacks. In 2001 the US designated the AUC a foreign terrorist organization. In 2003 Chiquita reported illegal payments to the AUC to the Justice department, but continued payments to Feb, 2004.




1998
The 1998 heat wave in India resulted in 2,541 deaths and this happened during an El Nino of 1997-1998 in the Pacific Ocean.
War resumes between Eritrea and Ethiopia over an inconsequential piece of real estate that was divided over religious beliefs.  It is estimated that 40,000 people are killed during this war.
July 17:  A earthquake triggered a tsunami that struck the north coast of Papua New Guinea kills 6,000.

1998 Jul 23
Odwalla Inc. agreed to pay a $1.5 million fine for contaminated apple-based juices.
Links: Food     Click to see the source(s) for this event

1998 Jul 25
In Japan some 60 people at a festival in the Wakayama prefecture were sickened after eating a curried rice dish. Four people died and police suspected that cyanide was mixed in the food. A district court convicted Masumi Hayashi in 2002 of deliberately lacing a pot of curry with arsenic and serving it to neighbors at the festival. In 2009 Japan's highest court upheld her death sentence.
Links: Japan, Food, Fish     Click to see the source(s) for this event

1998 Aug 3
Lucky Stores and Albertson’s announced a merger creating the largest supermarket chain in the US.
Links: USA, Food, M&A     Click to see the source(s) for this event


1998 Oct 29
An Oscar Mayer meat packing plant in Michigan sliced and packaged products that later killed 9 people and caused 3 stillbirths due to listeria contamination.


1998 Dec 22
The Bil Mar meat packing plant in Michigan recalled 35 million pounds of hot dogs and lunch meats following the deaths of 16 people due to the bacteria Listeria monocytogenes. In Jan. another 30 million pounds were recalled from the Thorn Apple Valley plant in Arkansas.
Links: Microbiology, Food, Michigan, Arkansas     Click to see the source(s) for this event

1998 Dec 23
The US and Russia signed a $625 million food aid pact.
Links: Russia, USA, Food     Click to see the source(s) for this event






1999
War has been simmering in Kosovo, Serbia, Yugoslavia since 1945 and by the summer of 1998 full scale Civil War broke out.  NATO moved in to settling the Kosovo war.
This year two earthquakes with a magnitude of more than 7 struck northwestern Turkey, killing about 18,000 people.
December:   Lutheranism will end its ties with the Swedish Government and their founding ideology of one country, one people, and one ruler; thus ending five centuries of tradition.  This Imperialistic philosophy is so deeply entrenched in European thinking, it is unlikely to be eradicated in the near future.



1999 Apr
Dioxin was discovered in Belgian animal feed. It was estimated to be some 4 months after the contamination began. Verkest, a firm that sold animal fats to feed mills, was implicated, but the dioxin source was not yet pinpointed. Dioxin from motor oil that was mixed into animal feed in Belgium led to a withdrawal of food products and widespread import bans. Quality controls on animal feed were also put in place as a result.


1999 Jul 3
President Clinton, acting to head off potential problems with the safety of imported food, said in his weekly radio address he was ordering inspectors at American ports to brand all unsafe and rejected food products, "Refused US."

1999 Aug 21
In France the St. Pierre-de-Trivisy town council, home of Roquefort cheese, imposed a 100% tax on Coca Cola in retaliation for American tariffs on European goods.




2000 Few people realize that China operates on only one time zone, Beijing Time.
Actually in reality China has 5 time zones thereby making some regions out by 2 hrs from real time.
China is trying to root out gender abortions which have no medical purpose.
 They target a natural selection of 105 boys to 100 girl births.
2008 was 120 boys to 100 girls, and 2009 was 119 boys to 100 girl births.

It is estimated that 26 million people world wide are still classified as slaves.
  This does not include political prisoners in China, North Korea or Vietnam.

2000-January 18:  China started its own search engine called baidu 百度 to
compete with Google and by 2010 had control of 70% of the Chinese market.

2000-July:   A Federal judge approved a historic $1.25 billion U.S. funds
settlement against Swiss banks
and 600,000 Holocaust survivors,
 including several hundred Canadians, who alleged that
 the banks hoarded away money deposited by Holocaust victims.
 The Swiss banks' action was classified as the greatest robbery in history.
It is noteworthy that a class action is being developed against the Vatican for World War II atrocities.
 It is unfortunate that the only method to make churches repent of their sins is to start class action suites against them.

  It is also noteworthy that the philosophy of the King, Church and Government being above the law (infallibility belief)
is the basis of many of our cultural evils.  The failure of our legal system to become a justice system is because of this
 cultural fallacy.


2000-September:   Pope John Paul II (1978-2005) has
advanced two of his predecessors toward sainthood:  Pius IX and John XXIII.
  John Pius IX (1846-1878), alias Ancona Mastai-Ferretti, a noble born Italian,
called the ‘Last King Pope’, is remembered as the longest papacy.
 He who confined Jews to Rome’s ghetto, kidnapped a Jewish boy (Edgardo Mortara) making him Roman Catholic,
describing Jews as dogs and declaring that there are too many of these dogs present in Rome.
 Some say his reign was a disaster.  Pope John XXII (1958-1963) alias Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli,
 a peasant farmer, by contrast is known simply as ‘The Good Pope’.
The inclusion of the bitterly protested advancement of John Pius, toward sainthood,
 is deemed necessary to protect the political underpinnings of papal infallibility.


2000-November:   The Dutch legalize mercy killing and doctor assisted suicide (euthanasia).
 This legalizes a, 26-year-old, common practice in that country.
 Some critics say it marks the spiritual breakdown of the nation.
 Currently 2/3 of doctor-assisted deaths are not reported and others
fear that patients may have been murdered without their consent under the old system.
  Reported cases have reached as high as 3,500 per year making an estimated total of 10,500 deaths per year.
 It is known that one in every five terminations of life by a doctor, which is 2,100 deaths per year,
does not have the patient’s explicit permission and is therefore murder by another name.



2000 Mar 31
The UN Security Council decided to let Iraq spend more money to repair its oil industry, an investment intended to boost the amount of food and medicine Baghdad could buy through the UN humanitarian program.


2000 Dec 1
Iraq halted oil production due to the UN’s refusal to authorize a new payment arrangement for the oil-for-food program. Production was resumed after 2 days.
Links: Iraq, Oil, UN, Food     Click to see the source(s) for this event

2000 Dec 4
PepsiCo agreed to pay $13.4 billion to acquire Quaker Oats.


2001
A significant discovery of bone fragments dating to about 1 A.D. are likely Essene but they caused an archaeological religious battle.  The bones were reburied because Rabbinical authority in Israeli forbids the digging up of Jewish graves as the findings might contradict conventional religious beliefs.
The Mutawna'in a state-sanctioned Religious Police in Saudi Arabia is believed to have started about this time and has imposed a reign of terror in Saudi Arabian Society.  Only Wahhabi Muslims religion is to be practiced, all other religions are prohibited.    Shi'a Muslims are hardest hit but are still allowed to travel to other countries to practice their religion.
From 1981 to 2001 the Aids epidemic has killed 20 million people.  This exceeds the Bubonic Plague that killed 12 million in India from 1896-1948 and is rapidly approaching the 1918 American flu of 21.6 million people.  The worst epidemic was the Black Death 1347-51 which killed 75 million people.  Currently 42 million people world wide have HIV/AIDS and this is expected to top 75 million by 2010.
The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on climate change found no systematic changes in the frequency of tornadoes, thunder days, or hail events in areas where enough data are available for analysis.  Madhav Knandekar, climatologic who studies weather patterns in Canada's Prairie Provinces for Alberta Environment, found that the evidence just doesn't back up the 'Panic-mongering'.  This is true whether its rain, snow, drought, flood, extreme heat, extreme cold, thunderstorms, tornadoes, hail storms, high winds, blizzards or ice storms.
Some 3 billion metric tons of dust are lofted into the earths atmosphere each year and circumnavigate the earth in a matter of weeks.  The dust climbs as high as 15,000 feet and contains mercury, bacteria, viruses, soot, acids, radioactive isotopes and pesticides from Asia and Africa to North America.  The effect on global climate, weather and human health is little understood.  Even swarms of grasshoppers have survived the trans-Atlantic trip in African dust clouds.  World wide dust storms have been increasing.
We like to vision ourselves as being modern and socially advanced.  Are you aware that 27 million people still live as slaves throughout the world this year?  We are not only speaking of third world countries.  Did you know that the list of countries that have more than 100 known slaves include: Canada, United States, France, Germany, United Kingdom and Spain?
Internet users world wide are estimated as:
1995 - 16 million users
1998 - 160 million users
2001 - 528 million users
January 22:  The American President Bush established his first goal:
“To work toward a day when every child is welcomed in life and protected in law”.
“To build a culture of life, affirming that every person, at every stage and season of life, is created equal in God’s image.”  He said his first act will be to remove funding for abortions.
April:   The world is again awakened to the reality that slave trade of young girls and boys is still being practiced, not only in Asia, but also Adjame and Zanzibar Africa.
April 1:  Yugoslavian President Slobodan Milosovic, b-1941 is arrested for war crimes.  It is noteworthy that his parents an Orthodox Priest and a teacher both committed suicide as did an uncle.  It is also noteworthy that Bosnia-Herzegovina is 40% Muslim, 30% Serbs and 18% Croats.  Milosovic's goal was to create a Serb-dominated Yugoslavia, with himself as supreme leader.  He ordered the Serb army to drive Muslims from the country thereby purifying Bosnia.  The Muslims were subjected to mass rape, confinement in concentration camps and genocide.  Ethnic cleaning killed 2,000 and drove 400,000 from their homes.  Many Serbs considers the criminals as heroes.
May:   In Greece, Pope John Paul II (1978-2005) issued a sweeping apology for Roman Catholic Church's "sins of action and omission", including the sacking, in 1204, of Constantinople, against the 200 million Orthodox Christians.  The Catholic Church has been divided for the past 1,000 years.
September 5:   Belfast, the English and Irish again show their cultural barbarianism by taking their cultural differences out on innocent children.  Eleanor Burns a Protestant mother summed up the situation by saying "we don't care what the whole world thinks of us anymore", as mothers attacked  Catholic children in Belfast.
September 8:   Scotland is proposing legislation to make it illegal to strike a child under the age of 3 years or to shake, strike with implement or hit the head of a child of any age.  Corporal punishment of a child by any agency would be banned.
September 11:  In New York, Acts of War by Madmen.  Osama Bin Laden, b-1957, a suspected Saudi Arabian terrorist from Afghanistan who previously declared war on the United States, warned three weeks ago that his Islamic Fundamentalist followers would carry out an unprecedented attack on the United States.   Four passenger airliners were hijacked by nineteen Arabs, mostly Saudis citizens. Two aircraft were crashed into the 110 story twin towers of the World Trade Center in New York City and both were leveled.  A third one was crashed into the Pentagon and the fourth was aborted from its  terrorist mission, due to the actions of the passengers, and it crashed in Pennsylvania.  It is believed the terrorists used knives to gain access to the flight decks then used their own Kamikaze pilots.  It is noteworthy that under Islamic Law these pilots and their associates currently reside in hell.
To kill an innocent being is like killing entire humanity.  (Al Qur'an 5:32)  The Islamic Muslim culture is guilty of sins of omission. Who speaks out when Saddam Hussein (1937-2006) uses chemical weapons against Muslims (Kurds). Who spoke out when the Pakistani army used excesses against Muslims (Beggalis). Who recalls the Mujahadeen of Afghanistan and their mutual slaughter of Muslims. Who speaks for the Shiis of Saudis?  The Islamic culture of hate and killing is tearing away at the moral fabric of the Muslim culture.  In pursuit of hate, Islam has pulled the Jihad into the gutter.
"Terrorism and Religious Fundamentalism profane the name of God and disfigure the authenticity of the image of man." This according to Pope John Paul II (1978-2005).  It is significant that he included Religious Fundamentalism in the same class as Terrorism.
September 11:  Terrorists hijacked commercial airlines and destroyed the World Trade Center in New York City, and the whole world is changed.
September 24:   Afghanistan: "War is our hobby, the sound of guns firing is like music for us.  We cannot live without war.  We have no other way except Jihad (holy war)".  Maulana Inyadullah for Islam.
November 9:   The smacking of kids is banned in Sweden, Israel, Norway and Germany, but the British concluded the majority want to retain the right to smack their kids.  This barbaric practice of spanking  children is based on English Common Law that allows corporal punishment of wives, servants, apprentices and children.  Canadian Aboriginal Common Law considers the striking of children an uncivilized, barbaric act.




2001 Aug 1
The Federal Trade Commission cleared the way for PepsiCo to acquire Quaker Oats for about $13.4 billion in stock.
Links: USA, Food, M&A, FTC     Click to see the source(s) for this event


2002
Europe has seen 45 consecutive years of fertility decline for unclear reasons.   The majority of infertile men is genetic damage to the Y chromosome.  Sperm count has declined 50% between 1930 to 1990.  Some believe the cause is the use of chemicals in the environment.  Current fertility rates are England 1.64, Spain 1.2, Italy 1.3, Greece 1.3. Germany 1.4 and Japan is 1.4., Canada is 1.52 and the United States is 2.08.   1.7 is considered the lowest for maintaining a reasonable balance of old to young people with a negative population growth.  Immigration is the only other way to maintain a zero population growth but many countries are rejecting this as an option as their cultural identity is being threatened.
The USA leads a war in Afghanistan (2002-2003).
Russia is battling to remove 10,000 English words that has crept into their language base.  France and Holland have similar concerns.  When well we learn that language does not constitute a culture.  Attempts at language purity is attempts at isolationism and leads to confusion, misunderstanding and conflict between peoples.  Language should be allow to naturally evolve.
Many Americans wonder why nothing has been done about the Saudi Arabia situation:  It is the birthplace of Osama bin Laden, b-1957, home of 15 of the September 11 hijackers and some suggest it is a nation accused of using its wealth to ferment terrorism.  The paradox is it is friendly towards the United States (only the elite and royal family).  The young people have been systematically indoctrinated by the Wahhabi to be hostile toward infidels.  As a culture it appears to be caught up in an old and new world order.  Nearly 50% of its working class are foreigners, classed as infidels.  Unemployment among Saudi men tops 15% and in age group 20-24 it tops 30%.  The Saudi say we allowed our youth to grow up in pampered emptiness, that why they turn to terrorism to find themselves.  Most Saudis are uneducated for a modern world and are prime candidates for the Religious Police force, so they can dominate women.
January 11:  Over 95% of Saudis between the ages of 25 to 41 have sympathy for Osama Bin Laden b-1957.  A large percentage of the Pakistan educated Taliban and Al Qaeda are Wahhabi Muslims.
January 29:  Some contend President George Walker Bush b-1946 is an Evangelical President and that the wars in the Middle east against the "Axis of Evil" is another 'Holy Crusade'.
March:  Rofayd Qaoud was raped by her brothers Fahdi Qaoud, age 22 and Ali Qaoud, age 20 and impregnated her.  Her mother Amira Abu Hanhan Qaoud murdered her daughter be living any good Palestine Muslim would do it to save "family honor".  Palestine law mitigates the crime of premeditated murder for "honor killings".    Palestine police report 31 known cases of "honor killing" last year.  It is suggested the numbers on unreported murders is closer to 465 per year.
March 11:  Makkah Intermediate School No. 31 a girl's schools fire killed at least fourteen students, the Saudi Arabia's Religious Police are accused of not allowing the girls to escape or to be saved because they were 'not properly covered', and the mutaween did not want physical contact to take place between the girls and the civil defense forces for fear of sexual enticement, and variously that the girls were locked in by the police, or forced back into the building.  Civil Defense officer said,
"Whenever the girls got out through the main gate, these people (the Religious Police) forced them to return via another. Instead of extending a helping hand for the rescue work, they were using their hands to beat us."
The "Saudi Gazette" and "Al-Iqtisaddiyya" reported the incident.  The result was a very rare public criticism of the Religious Police.   According to the statements of parents, firemen, and the regular police forces present at the scene, the religious police forcibly prevented girls from escaping the burning school by locking the doors of the school from the outside, and barring firemen from entering the school to save the girls, beating some of the girls and civil defense personnel in the process.
May, The French ambassador to London in 2001 described Israel as a shitty little country.   In April 2002 the hypocritical anti-Semitism stance of the French People shout 'death to the Jews'! and 'Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) an Austrian was Right' as hundreds of synagogues, kosher restaurants and Jewish schools, cemeteries and community centers have been vandalized, ransacking, firebombing and spray-painting of swastikas are common, and Jewish institutions have been riddled with gunfire.  In April 2002 alone there was 500 such incidents reported.  The world was shocked as Jean Marie le Pen achieved second place in the French Presidential election with his Nazism brand of anti-Semitism with echoes of Vichy fascism as a reflection of a changing French culture.  The French Government and police agencies are ignoring this made in France 'final solution'.   The French have forgotten World War II.
June:   Italy is the first European Nation to enact what is called racism legislation to limit non Europeans in Italy.  It is pushed by the Fascist National Alliance.
July:  Gigantic jets of lightning are discovered over the South China Sea.  The scientists think this upper atmospheric activity may play a role in ozone formation.



2002 Sep 17
UN Weapons inspectors and Iraqi officials agreed to meet in Vienna in 10 days to complete arrangements for the inspectors' return. The UN said Iraq had abandoned its illegal surcharges in the oil-for-food program.
Links: Iraq, Oil, UN, Food     Click to see the source(s) for this event

2002 Sep 20
William Rosenberg (86), founder of the Dunkin' Donuts chain, died in Mashpee, Mass.
Links: Food     Click to see the source(s) for this event

2002 Sep 29
Cuba struck deals to buy more than $66 million of American food during a mammoth agribusiness show aimed at bringing more U.S. farm products to the communist island. More contracts were expected.


2003
Denmark, population 5.4 million, stood as the world's biggest exporter of pork as some 13,000 farmers raised 24 million pigs.
Links: Food, Denmark, Animal     Click to see the source(s) for this eventSouth Korea imports wholesale samgyeopsal from Belgium, the Netherlands, and other countries for the purpose of price stabilization as imported pork is much cheaper than domestic.


2003
Pope John Paul II (1978-2005 ) has declared Scotland is no longer a Christian country and is in effect a spiritual wasteland.  The proportion of Scots attending church between 1983 and 2001 dropped from 33% to 23%.  During the same period those who called themselves Catholic dropped from 22% to 12%.
A USA led war in Iraq topples Saddam Majid Hussein (1937-2006), a Sunni Muslim, son Hussein al Majid and Subha, and his eventual capture for war crimes.
March 17: Saddam Hussein (1937-2006) dictator of Iraq is told he has 48-hour deadline from US President George W. Bush to give up power and leave Iraq.  War begins three days later.
March 19:  Coalition forces started 'Operation Iraq Freedom'.
April 7:  Osama bin Laden, b-1957, Saudi Arabia, a rich dissident, calls on all Muslims to rise up against Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and other agents of America.  Bin Laden considers himself the modern messianic savior of Islam.
May:  India temperatures reached 45-49° C. claiming 1,900 lives.  This was during an El Nino of 2002-2003 in the Pacific Ocean.
July 22:   Saddam Hussein (1937-2006) dictator of Iraq two sons Qusai Hussein and Odai Hussein die in a gun battle with US soldiers.
August: A severe heat wave visited Europe with temperatures above 40° C. resulting in;
            14,802 people died in France
              7,000 people died in Germany
              4,200 people died in Spain
              4,200 people died in Italy
              1,300 people died in Portugal
              1,400 people died Netherlands
                 900 people died in London
Some suggest the European total was 37,451 dead.  This occurred during a long El Nino cycle in the Pacific Ocean.
Global heat waves have been recurring world wide during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.  The July 1901 heat wave killed 9,508 people in the mid west USA  The Global heat wave created the Dust Bowl in America causing 15,000 deaths over a decade of the 1930's.
August 1:  Milomir Stakic b-1962, a doctor of Serbia, is held responsible for the death of 1,500 people and forced expulsion of 20,000 non-Serb civilians in Bosnia.
September 13:  Anglican Archbishop of Canterbury Rowan Williams has been barred from conducting communion service in 350 Church of England parishes because of his support for women priests.
September 26:  Europe's heat wave this summer, is considered as the deadliest weather phenomena in the last century.  It is estimated that this heat wave killed 19,000 people, mostly in France.  It is noteworthy that in 1901 a sizzling July in western U.S.A. killed 9,500 people.
December 13:  Saddam Hussein (1937-2006) dictator of Iraq is discovered hiding in a dirt hole in the ground near Tikrit, Iraq, nine months after being told to leave Iraq.
December 26:  A 6.7 magnitude earthquake struck southeastern Iran, a city called Bam, leveling half the city houses and killing an estimated 30,000 to 40,000 people.


2004 Jan 20
Amnesty Int'l. released a report at the World Social Forum in Bombay, India, that charged North Korea with public executions of people stealing food.
Links: India, North Korea, Food, WSF  





2004
The Islam or Muslims represent 1.3 billion people but do not represent a unified religion.  Some of the different countries by sects are:
Saudi Arabia - 100% Wahhabi by force, freedom of religion is not allowed, other religious practice is banned.  It is noteworthy that 50% of the population non-citizens
Iran - 89% Shi'a, 9% Sunni
Iraq - 60% Shi'a, 40% Sunni
Afghanistan - 74-80% Sunni, 19-25% Shi'a
Pakistan - 65% Sunni, 30% Shi'a
UAE (United Arab Emirate) - 85% Sunni, 15% Shi'a, it's noteworthy that 80% of the population is non-citizens
Malaysia - 60% Muslims but it is governed as a Muslim country and other religions are restricted.
Some of the different Muslim sects are:
Sunni 85% of all Muslims, an expansionist sect, Caliph aka Sultans should only be elected not appointed by heritage.  Considered the Shi'ites as heretics until 1959
Shi'ites (Shi'a) 10% of all Muslims, split from the Sunni in 650, Iraq, Iran, Palestine, Yeman, Azerbaijun, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and Lebanon, an expansionist sect.  Osama bin Laden, b-1957, the self proclaimed Messianic Savior of Islam proclaims the Shi'ites as infidels, to be killed.
Kharijis 1% of all Muslims, split from Sunni in 658, believe majority of Muslims have lost the "true path."
Kurds 25 million members, pseudo Sunni but ethnically and culturally different, Iraq, Iran, Turkey and Syria.
Sufis  a religious order that follows mystical interpretations of Islamic doctrines and practices.
Wahhabis a sect created mid 1740's very fundamental, violent, an inspiration to Osama bin Laden, b-1957.  Mostly in Saudi Arabia and Pakistan but spreading into many areas due to Saudi financing.  It's three doctrines are intolerance, hate and jihad.  They consider all other Muslim sects and religions as infidels.  They began as a radical Sunni sect with their own version of the Qur'an .

Ismali a sect that split from the Shi'ite sect, are in India, Egypt, Syria, Palestine, Mesopotamia and Bahrain.
Ismailis Druze 700k members in Lebanon, Syria, and Israel
Zaidis only found in Yeman
Fatimids in North Africa, including Egypt
Nizari aka Assassins, used the drug hashish to get exited
These are considered as heretical sects
Admadiyyah in India
Alawis aka Nusayris means "followers of Ali," 1.5 million members, in Syria, split from Shi'ites in 9th century,
Druze aka Mowahhidoon, 250K members in Lebanon, don't accept new members, never discuss faith, split in 11th century
Baha'i was created 1863 in Iran, claims 5 million members world wide, is considered as heretical by Muslims and Christians.
A book in Los Angeles this year, published by the Cultural Department of the Government of Saudi Arabia reads:  "Be dissociated from the infidels, hate them for their religions, leave them, never rely on them for support, do not admire them, and always oppose them in every way according to Islamic Law".  A sampling of over 200 such texts from all American Mosques and all spread, sponsored or other wise generated by Wahhabis Muslims of Saudi Arabia.  They include such fatwas (Principles, beliefs and values) as:
        Non Wahhaba Muslims are infidels.
        Anyone who casts doubt about an infidels infidelity leaves no doubt about his own infidelity.
        Muslims who advocate tolerance are infidels.
        Those who convert out of Islam should be killed or apostasy (rejection of Islam) is punishable by death..
        Jews are those who have incurred your wrath.
        Christians are those who have gone astray.
        Jews and Christians are condemned to the eternal fires of hell.
        The role of Saudi Arabia in the Muslim world is similar to the role of the Vatican.
        The Saudi Wahhaba has a totalitarian doctrine of other religious hatred.
        It is forbidden for infidels to enter mosques
        It is forbidden for a Muslim to be employed in the service of an unbeliever.
        A infidel domestic worker, you have to hate her for Alleh's sake.
        Christmas is an abominable activity, a practice more loathsome to God, than imbibing liquor, or murder, or fornication.

Europe has a growing concern about its population decline and extraordinary measures have not stopped this serious decline.  Encouraging immigration has not worked as the landed immigrants soon adopt the countries birth rate averages.  Money incentives don't appear to change the rate.  Liberal abortion laws however have contributed to this downward spiral.  In Europe 2.1 children per woman is considered to be the population replacement level.  The following are national averages.
Ireland:          1.99
France:          1.90
Norway:        1.81
Sweden:        1.75
UK:               1.74
Netherlands:  1.73
Germany:       1.37
Italy:              1.33
Spain:            1.32
Greece:          1.29
Sheikh Issa Bin Zayed Al Nayan b-1669 son late United Arab Emirates President Zayed Bin Sultan Al Hahyan, and brother of the present ruler of Abu Dhabi, the Emir Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Hahydn and brother of the crown Prince Mohammed Bin Zayed Al Nahyan.  Sheikh Issa is a masochistic barbarian who enjoys mercilessly torturing at least 25 people, some were Sudanese immigrants, with whips, electric cattle prods and wooden planks with protruding nails and then vidotaping for later viewing.  Bassam Nabulsi of Huston Texas smuggled out a videotape of Mohanned Shah Poor of Afghanistan who was also run over by a Mercedes SUV , had lighter fluid poured on his genitals and set alight and had salt poured on his wounds.  Sheikh Issa is also accused of rape.  The UAE police were also involved and abused Bassam Nabulsi trying to get the vidotape back but he told them he had destroyed the tape.  This should be a warning to anyone working for the UAE.
Claude Garneau and a friend threw a bottle with a note into the St. Lawrence River, Canada in 2004 and it turned up in southern Ireland in 2012.
January 4:  Eighteen suspected members of the Serbian Mafia go on trial in Sarajevo for trafficking in human sex slaves.  The are charged in forcing young girls from Moldavia, Ukraine and Hungary into brothels of Bosnia.  Milorad Milakovic one of the 18 faces 85 criminal allegations including conspiracy, organized crime, trafficking in humans, sexual slavery and international prostitution.
January 30:  The annual Hajj Pilgrimage to Mecca in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was highlighted by a speech from Sheikh Saleh al Talbe who said:  "Oh God, give victory to Mujahedeen (Holy Warriors) everywhere."  "Give them victory in Palestine, oh God, make the Muslims triumphant and destroy their enemies, and make this country and other Muslim countries safe.  Oh God, inflict your wrath on the criminal Zionists."   If these quotations are accurate, then its a prayer in support of war and terrorism.   Its a prayer in support of Osama Bin Laden and his people, in support of Al Qaeda and other terrorists everywhere.  "Who ever does bad deeds is in misery."  Sheik Abdul Aziz al Sheik says those who claim to be holy warriors are an affront to the faith.  They are giving their enemies an excuse to criticize Muslim countries.  "Is it holy war to shed Muslim blood?  Is it holy war to shed the blood of non-Muslims given sanctuary in Muslims lands?  Is it holy war to destroy the possessions of Muslims?
April:  Sheikh Feiz Mohamed, b-1970 Australia says rape victims have "no one to blame but themselves" because they dress provocatively.  
April 20:  Abdelkader Bouziana an Algerian of France since 1979 says the Koran "allowed the beating of wives."  He also says he wants an Islamic Republic of France.  The French interior minister says "The Government will not tolerate public comments which attack human dignity and in particular the dignity of women."  France is home to 5 million Muslims.
April 22:  The top Cleric in Saudi Arabia, the Grand Mufti Abdul-Aziz Al-Sheik condemned the Al Qaida terrorists (Al-Haramin Brigades) by saying they will burn in hell.  Osama bin Laden has also been stripped of his Saudi citizenship.
May 29/30:  A Muslim terrorist squad went through the compound of foreigners in Khobar, Saudi Arebia, separating the Muslims from the non-Muslims (mainly Christians and Hindus) before slitting their throats of the latter, and in some cases, beheading them.
June 9:  Prince Bandar Bin Sultan the Saudi Ambassador to the USA confirmed the Muslim Law of "It is forbidden for a Muslim to become a citizen of a country governed by infidels".  Infidels are all those who are not Wahhabi a Sunni sect of Islam based on the Qur'an and the Hadith.  Sufi Muslims, Shia Muslims and Shiite Muslims as well as others sects, as examples, are infidels.  True Muslims can't marry infidels because of their twisted beliefs and evil practices.
July 1:  An estimated 530,000 people marched in Hong Kong demanding freedom and democracy.
July 1:  Saddam Hussein, (1937-2006) former president of Iraq, is charged with crimes against humanity by the interim Iraq government.  His alleged crimes include:
1974 - Killing religious figures
1983 - Killing 8,000 men in the Kurdish Barzani clan.
1986-99 - Killing 100,000 in the Anfal campaign.
1988 - Gassing 7,000 Kirds in Halabja.
1990 - Invasion of Kuwait, and Saddam said this campaign was to keep his army busy, against those mad dogs who put down the price of oil..
1991 - Suppression of uprisings
Acts of genocide against the Kurdish peoples and the Shiite communities.
Killing political opponents over 30 years.
July 12:  An estimated 38 million people are infected with HIV (AIDS).  Since 2002 6 million have died from the virus and 10 million more became affected.  It is estimated that 15 million children worldwide are classed as AIDS orphans.  Of the 38 million presently affected, 25 million are from sub-Saharan Africa, who are dying at the rate of 8,000 people a day.  In Asia about 7.2 million are affected and this is expected to mushroom.  
September 25:  The Spanish Government has banned crucifixes from public buildings.  Church funding is to be phased out.
October:  The Russian Cabinet endorsed the 1997 Kyoto accord on climate change after pressure from the European community.
November 2:  The murder of the Dutch filmmaker Theodorus van Gogh (1957-2004) by a Muslim named Mohammed Bouyein age 26 who was enraged by his documentary about violence against Muslim women, shot Gogh 8 times, slit his throat and stabbed him.  As a result the Dutch people are saying they are too tolerant towards an intolerant people (the Muslims).
December 26:  A tsunamis (caused by a 9.3 earthquake) originated offshore Indonesia caused over 229,866 deaths and crashed into the shores of 14 countries.  This tsunami is considered the biggest in 600 years.  142,000 are believed missing and this could bring the total to 320,000 people in total, we may never know for sure.  Sumatra Island was hard hit and Shi Lanka was also hard hit.  India, Thailand, Malaysia, Maldives, Myanmar, Banglasish and even Somalia, Africa, some 4,800 Km away reported deaths.  It is noteworthy that earthquakes have killed more than 1.8 million people since 1900.  Why earthquakes happen when they do remains one of the great mysteries of science.


2005 Dec
North Korea moved to ban international assistance as part of a campaign to regain control over food distribution, limit outside contacts and avert possible urban unrest.




2005
An earthquake at Kashmir, Pakistan killed 86 thousand people.
The radical Dutch cleric Ahmad Abu Laban, an Imam of Palestinan descent is believed to have started the Dutch cartoon riots of 2006.  It is believed he was trying to become the Sultan of Denmark when he circulated the cartoons among the Arab states.
April 2:  Pope John Paul II alias Karol Josef Wojtyla (1920-2005) and Pope (1978-2005) of Poland died this day.   Leaders of the Muslim and Jewish communities say the Pope will be remembered as a man of peace who reached out to break barriers like no other leader of the Roman Catholic church.
April 9:  In 2002 Belgium legalized euthanasia, Holland passed a similar law in 1995.  The slippery slope started with abortion, then euthanasia then infanticide next its you.  Four fifths of doctors in Flanders, Belgium support the killing of infants.  A recent year long study on Flanders recorded that 50% of new born were murdered by doctors.  They committed these murders by withholding treatment or by lethal injection of pain killers.  Doctors in Holland are campaigning to change the law to allow the murder of babies.  Eugenics as deployed by Hitler is alive and well, to eliminate those undesirable people from our society.   The Nuremberg Trials declared eugenics by sterilization as a crime against humanity and extermination of the Jews as a holocaust.   What do we call the extermination of the unborn, the elderly and the new born??
April 19:  Rome, Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger, b-1927, Germany is elected Pope Benedict XVI (2005- ).
April 28:  London: The Law Lords basically ruled its ok to create babies for spare parts.  The Human Fertilization and Embryology Authority welcomed the decision.  Its politically expedient to refer to the murdered babies as embryonic tissue.
April 29:  Bestiality is not against the law in Sweden and as a result 209 cases of sexual abuse of animals were reported, 161 involving horses, 18 involving dogs and 17 involving cattle.  Most cases are not reported only those causing physical injury to the animals.
November:  Mahmoud Ahmadinejad President of Iran called for Israel to be "wiped off the map".  About one million Iranians marched in the streets to support their Presidents and his anti-Islamic opinion.
December 28:  Multan, Pakistan, Nazir Ahmid, age 40 killed his 3 young daughters and their adult stepsister to save the "family honor".   The young girls were killed because they might follow their stepsisters life style.  Human Rights recorded 260 such "honor killing" for the eleven months of 2005.
December 30:  Portugal, Denmark, Norway, Iceland, and Faroe Island (Denmark) are bottom trawling.  The United Nations is attempting to ban bottom trawling as very destructive to sea life but others contend the science has not been conducted to support banning the practice.
December 31:  Pope Benedict XVI. b-1927 speaks out against same sex marriage saying same sex unions are anarchic "pseudo-matrimony".



2006 May 11
The UN’s World Food Program said it has reached agreement with North Korea to resume food aid to the hunger-stricken country, but the operation will be smaller than it was before its suspension in December.


2006 Jul 13
Tongsun Park (71), a South Korean businessman accused of being an Iraqi agent and trying to influence the oil-for-food program, was convicted of conspiracy in New York federal court. Park, arrested last year, was the first person tried in the scandal. He will be sentenced in October and could face more than a dozen years in prison for his role in the decade-long conspiracy.




2006
A heat wave hit Europe causing 3,418 deaths in United Kingdom, France, Belgium, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain and Romania during an El Nino in the Pacific Ocean.
January:  The search engine Google is now available in China but it is highly censored.
February:  An European publication of caricatures of the prophet Muhammad has demonstrated that Islam is a religion of fanatical beliefs and values.  Protestors in Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Afghanistan, Palestine, Pakistan. Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Philippines, Egypt, Isreal, Jordon, New Zealand and capital cities throughout Europe, in the name of God and Islam, are responsible for killing people, kidnapped  and beating of innocent people, burning of cars and buildings, and desecrating Christian churches.  Denmark first published the cartoons, followed by France, Norway, Austria, New Zealand, Italy, Germany, Spain, United States, Canada and 32 other countries.  Islamic fundamentalists and many Islamic moderates are calling for Christian blood, for violence, for beheading, for their execution or just to kill the infidels.  Some say "Bin Laden Strikes Again" or "kill Danes! down the Denmark."  They say remember Salmon Rushdie and the order for his execution for publishing the 'Satanic Verses'.  The Vatican says the caricatures are unacceptable provocation.  Western countries including the United States suggest the caricatures are in poor taste.  Europeans contend it is a matter of freedom of the press vs. Islam sensibilities. They further believe that Arab (Islam) intolerance is a danger for every free culture.  The cartoons are not very funny but do portray the underlying concern that Islam is based on fanatics, intolerance and terrorism.   The current call for a Jihad (holy war) is a cornerstone of the Islamic faith and is historically based on armed force of a violent nature.  
February:  The Muslim religious riots are planned and organized by Islamic organizations in support of the Jihad doctrine of Islam, as established by Muhammad.  Jihad is a religious obligation of the Muslim community as a whole.  It is an obligation of every able-bodied individual.  It will continue until every person in the world adopts the Muslim faith or submits to Muslim rule.  Muslims who do not submit to the religious doctrine of Jihad are considered as renegades.  Islamic law says renegades must be ruthlessly tracked down and executed.  It is noteworthy that the Jihad (holy war) of the Muslims finds it counter part in the Crusades (holy war) of the Christians in (1095-1291)  
February:  Muslim Cleric Adu Hamza Al-Masri was found guilty of fermenting racial hatred and inciting his Islamic followers to kill non-Muslims, in Britain.  Washington State wants to extradite him after he serves his sentence, to face terrorist charges of trying to set up a terrorist training camp in Oregon.  These charges could carry the death penalty.
February 3: London, a demonstration called "Religion of Peace Demonstration"  It is proclaimed that "Islam is a religion of peace and love"  The demonstrators signs read:
"Islam will dominate the world."
"Freedom go to hell."
"Europe take some lessons from 9/11."
"Europe you will pay. Your 9/11 is on it's way."
"Be prepared for the REAL holocaust."
"Exterminate those who slander Islam."
"Europe is the cancer, Islam is the answer."
"Slay those who insult Islam."
"Europe you will pay demolition is on it's way."
"Europe you will pay.  Your extermination is on it's way."
"Butcher those who mock Islam."
"Behead those who insult Islam."
February 6:  Aljaji A. Harruna says:  Judaism is law, Christianity is love and Islam is justice.  Others suggest Islam is intolerance, hate and violence.
February 7:  Saudi Arabia is concerned about the U.S. target to cut its addiction to Middle East oil by 75% by 2025.
February 8:  A $50 billion plan is proposed to prevent Europe from sinking into a deep freeze due to climate change.  The Pacific Gulf Stream brings tropical heated water north to Europe and it has been weakening, forcing Europe into a potential deep freeze.  About 6,200 B.C. Europe was plunged into a mini ice age for 1,000 years, some suggest it was only 300 years.  It was called Younger Dryas caused by the draining of Lake Agassiz in Canada into the Hudson Bay, lowering the salt content and stopping the Pacific Gulf Stream carrying warm water to Europe.  It is noteworthy that Lake Agassiz was the largest fresh water lake in the history of the world.  Some suggest Younger Dryas was 10,800 B.C. and lasted over 1,000 years.  A study in July 16, 2009 says the Pacific Gulf Stream has shut down with some regularity in the past and some times quite rapidly.  This report out of Oregon State University using a massive computer model disputes the earlier studies and suggest European cooling is likely to not occur until after 3,000 A.D. when the currents are expected to drop by 30% rather than within a decade or two as previously modeled.
February 14:  India; Hindus of the Awakening Forum threatened to beat up young couples who exchange Valentine's day cards or gifts.  Any public display of affection between the sexes, including hand-holding is prohibited.  Muslim women, wearing black veils attacked shops selling Valentine cards destroying the cards and beating the shop attendants.  The rational is they deemed these represent permissive western values.  Despite this radical fanaticism, Valentine's Day is growing in popularity in India, as it is hard to ban love.
February 16:  France accused Iran of secretly making nuclear weapons.  "No civilian nuclear program can explain the Iranian nuclear program.  It is a clandestine military nuclear program."
February 17:  Mohammed Yousaf Qureshi a cleric terrorist has offered 1.5 million rupee ($16,700 U.S.) plus a car for the murder of the Danish cartoonist.  The funds are offered from the Mohabat Khan Mosque and the Jamia Ashrafia Religious School in Peshawar, Pakistan, a terrorist front.
February 24:  Nigeria has seen 120 people killed over the Dutch cartoons.  Onitsha, Nigeria was the hardest hit with 90 deaths.  The Christians retaliated by destroying mosques, burned 100 Muslim homes and driving 5,000 Muslims from the city.  The Christians say these people (Muslims) have caused problems all over the world and are not wanted here.
February 25:  An e-mail making the circuit:
I am saddened that a world can live with such unconscionable actions and somehow the perpetrators believe they are right - just.
It is hard when faced with such ignorance and violence to keep an open mind and believe in the equality of individuals, their rights to the pursuit of their own religion and the tolerance for their differences.

Muslim outrage huh. OK ... let's do a little historical review. Just some low lights:

a.. Muslims fly commercial airliners into buildings in New York City.
No Muslim outrage.

b.. Muslim officials block the exit where school girls are trying to escape a burning building because their faces were exposed.
No Muslim outrage.

c.. Muslims cut off the heads of three teenage girls on their way to school in Indonesia . A Christian school.
No Muslim outrage.

d.. Muslims murder teachers trying to teach Muslim children in Iraq.
No Muslim outrage.

e.. Muslims murder over 80 tourists with car bombs outside cafes and hotels in Egypt.
No Muslim outrage.

f.. A Muslim attacks a missionary children's school in India, Kills six.
No Muslim outrage.

g.. Muslims slaughter hundreds of children and teachers in Beslan Russia. Muslims shoot children in the back.
No Muslim outrage.

h.. Let's go way back. Muslims kidnap and kill athletes at the Munich Summer Olympics.
No Muslim outrage.

i.. Muslims fire rocket propelled grenades into schools full of children in Israel .
No Muslim outrage.

j.. Muslims murder more than 50 commuters in attacks on London subways and busses. Over 700 are injured.
No Muslim outrage.

k.. Muslims massacre dozens of innocents at a Passover Seder.
No Muslim outrage.

l.. Muslims murder innocent vacationers in Bali .
No Muslim outrage.

m.. Muslim newspapers publish anti-Semitic cartoons.
No Muslim outrage

n.. Muslims are involved, on one side or the other, in almost every one of the 125+ shooting wars around the world.
No Muslim outrage.

o.. Muslims beat the charred bodies of Western civilians with their shoes, then hang them from a bridge.
No Muslim outrage.

p.. Newspapers in Denmark and Norway publish cartoons depicting Mohammed.
Muslims are outraged.

Dead children. Dead tourists. Dead teachers. Dead doctors and nurses.
Death, destruction and mayhem around the world at the hands of Muslims
No Muslim outrage

Publish a cartoon depicting Mohammed with a bomb in his turban and all hell breaks loose.

Sins of omission are as bad as sins of commission. Shame on the Muslim religion.

February 28:  Iraq is heading toward a religious civil war between the Sunni Muslims and Shite Muslims as they continue to kill each other.  Clerics of each sect are being targeted by the Muslims for brutal execution.
March:  Andrey Denison the Russian ambassador to the United Nations said 'in half jest', "fast action could lead to bombing of Iran by June."
March 11:  Slobodan Milosevic (1941-2006), of the former Yugoslav, who was called "the butcher of the Balkans" died in prison.  He was imprisoned by the United Nations in 2002 and was on trial for war crimes, including genocide in Croatia, Bosnia and Kosovo.  He was charged with the massacre of 8,000 Muslims.  The Balkan atrocities of the 1990's totaled 200,000 dead.   He called himself the Ayatollah Khomeini of Serbia.  He was unrepentant up to his death.
March 23:  Afaghanistan;  A Muslim cleric Abdul Raoulf, called a Islamic moderate, calls for the execution of Abdul Rahman for converting from Islam to Christianity 16 years ago.  Abdul Rahman was arrested when it was discovered he had a bible.  Muslim's believe those who abandon their faith must be executed.  "These people (Muslims) have turned Islam into the Mafia: you can get in alive, but you can get out only with death."   This Principle is central to sharia law and this is based on the memoirs of the barbaric Prophet Muhannad (570-632) "If a Muslim discards his religion, kill him".  Raoulf is presently on trial for his life.  The government insist he is mentally unfit, and therefore cannot stand trial.  The clerics say this is just an attempt by the government to avoid Islamic law.  If he is released the cleric say they will incite the people to rip him apart.  The clerics say "rejecting Islam is insulting god, we will not allow god to be humiliated."  About 100 students led by clerics marched through the streets chanting "death to Christians"   The allied forces said we didn't come to Afghanistan to support religious intolerance.   Most world leaders condemn this barbaric Islam practice.  Many believe Islam stands for intolerance, barbarism and injustice based on their actions.  Even in Canada the President Syed Mumtaz Ali of the Canadian Society of Muslims say we must permit as "reasonable" the Islamic community to execute any Muslim trying to leave Islam.  It is suggested that the Muslim Religious churches be stripped of their religious and charitable status world wide to remove any and all tax advantage until they stop holding Allah & God in contempt.  All foreign aid should be withheld from Muslim countries that don't hold a minimum standard of decency towards their people, especially the women and children.  Travel should be restricted to and from those countries for the safety of the people.   Rahman escaped to Italy but two more Islamic converts to Christianity are presently in jail.
March 28:  New Delhi, India reports a Muslim man accidentally divorced his wife by saying talag (I divorce you) three times in his sleep.  Aftab Ansan age 30 does not want to divorce his wife of 11 years.  The village elders say he is divorced and he must wait 100 days before re-marring his wife.  In the mean time his wife must prostitute herself with another man and then divorce him before getting back with her husband.  The village will ostracize the couple if they don't comply with Islamic Law.
March 30:  Nigeria;  Ex-president Charles Taylor was caught fleeing Nigeria carrying bags of cash.  He is charged with war crimes including forcible recruitment of child soldiers, murder, rape, mutilation and sexual enslavement.  About 50,000 people were killed under his regime.   Nine other leaders are in jail awaiting trial in Sierra Leone.
April 5:  West Bank of Palestine, the Hamas militant Prime Minister Ismail Haniyeh admits his government is bankrupt as international aid in amount of $1.1 billion is being withheld.  The government is appealing to Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates to make up the short fall.  The Arab League last week resolved to send the Palestinians about $64 million a month, but Arab countries have largely failed to honor such commitments in the past.  The Hamas Government is likely to fall if they can't meet their payroll.  The European Union, the United States and Canada have held funds to Palestine for their refusal to recognize Israel and the peace process.  Russia has offered to help Hamas, Iran has pledged 50 million and Qater has pledged 57.3 million.  Saudi Arabia has pledged 90 million and Kuwait 7.5 million.  As of the end of April Hamas is behind $280 million in payroll and no funds has arrived from other Arab countries.  Commerce in Palestine is mostly stopped because the US will not allow banks to transfer funds and no payroll has been made since Frebuary.
April 9:  France is a major hold out on the European Union not adopting a free agriculture market.  They want to preserve and protect local markets.  They admit removing subsidies would boost the economy of developing nations.  French farmers receive more subsidies than those in any other European Union Nation.  The EU pays about $55 billion a year in agriculture subsidies.
Agriculture subsidies worldwide
Ireland          69%
Switzerland   68%
Norway        68%
South Korea 63%
Japan            59%
E.U.              33%
Turkey          27%
Canada         21%
U.S.              18%
Mexico          17%
Australia          4%
New Zealand   3%
April 14:  Iran's outspoken president on Friday called Israel a "rotten, dried tree" that was "heading toward annihilation."  Ahmadinejad questioned whether the Holocaust happened.  "The existence of this (Israeli) regime is a permanent threat" to the Middle East, he added. "Its existence has harmed the dignity of Islamic nations."  Ahmadinejad raised Western fears by announcing Iran had successfully enriched uranium for the first time.  "The Zionist regime is a rotten, dried tree that will be eliminated by one storm."  A nuclear storm?  Hamas, is a militant Muslim organization, and is regarded as a terrorist group by Israel, the United States, Canada and the European Union.
April:  Beijing to ban sales of computers without software.  All computers must be preloaded as of 2007 to prevent illegal software and to provide a basis to include spy-ware which can be used to monitor it's citizens and visitors.
April 26:  Iran's Supreme Spiritual terrorist Ayatollah Ali Khamenei says it will hit back twice as hard if its nuclear sites are attacked.
April 28:  French President Jacques Chirac called for the creation of a world bank fund to pay Palestinian terrorists.
April 28:  Iranian President Mahmoud Amhadinejad told a rally: we don't give a damn what the United Nations Security Council says about our nuclear activities.
April 30:  Public opinion is growing concerning the genocide taking place in Darfur, Sudan since February 2003.  It's claimed the Arab Government is encouraging a campaign of murder, rape and arson by nomadic Arab Tribes against civilians in the villages.  One group is called Janjaweed, another the Sudan Liberation Movement.  It is claimed 180,000 have been killed, since 2003.  Others suggest it is closer to 450,000 to 500,000 dead.  Osama Bin Laden, last week, urged his fellow Muslims to go to Darfur to fight a proposed UN presence to stop the killing.
May 1:  Holland and Germany are experimenting with policies to discourage Muslims from immigrating to their countries saying their beliefs and values conflict with the countries norms.
May 2:  Iran vows to make a pre-emptive strike against Israel if the United States commits 'evil acts'.  Iran says Russia and China will veto any action to prevent Iran's nuclear program.   Iran says they already have missiles that can reach Europe.
May 7:  Osama Bin Laden, b-1957, has ordered Muslims to assassinate the Pakistan President General Pervez Musharraf who has already survived three previous assassination attempts.
May 11:  Bolivian President Evo Morales is in the process of nationalization of oil, gas, minerals, forestry and agricultural lands owned by foreigners.  He claims large companies have evaded taxes and operated under unconstitional contracts.   Companies that have recovered their investment will not be compensated.  Petroleo Brazilerio SA is one of the foreign countries operating illegally in Bolivia according to Bolivia.
May 17:  Egyptian rioters are demanding greater democracy and consider the the government of dictator president Hosni Mubarak of the past 25 tears as tyrannical.   The police clobbered these anti-government protestors.
May 29:  Islamic fundamentalists in Mogadish, Somalia are accused by United Nations observers as blatant violation of basic rules of international law by occupying a hospital and denying medical care to the wounded.  They could face war crimes for this inhumane action.
June 5:  Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei threatened to disrupt the west oil supply if attacked and insists Iran's right to have nuclear ambitions.  The crowd chanted "death to America".  What he didn't say is that 80% of Iran's economy is based on oil revenue.  If the oil flow is stopped Iran would fall in ruin.
June 8:  The butcher of Baghdad Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, alias, Ahmad Fadeel al-Nazal al-Khalayleh, the Al-Qaeda leader of Iraq, his spiritual leader Sheik Abdul Rahman, 1 unidentified man and 3 women are killed today.  Al-Zarqawi was considered the bloodiest deputy emir of Iraq, responsible for numerous beheadings and the murder of many Sunni & Shiite citizens.  His objective was to cause civil war among Muslims.  It is noteworthy that al-Zarqawi is a foreigner, a wanted gangster, with a death sentence, from Jordanian and is held responsible for ordering killings of his own peoples.  Al-Zarqawi's older brother call's him a martyr but the rest of his family renounced him and he surly now resides in hell.  Muslim sentiments included "May he rot in hell" and "May he burn in hell".  It is also noteworthy that Jordanian operatives are working Iraq tracking down Islamic militants and are believed partly responsible for locating al-Zarqawi.  Jordan will not allow his burial in that country.  He was secretly buried in Iraq.
July 1:  Over 100,000 British Muslims feel no loyalty whatsoever towards Britain.
88% of British Muslims want schools and workplaces to accommodate Muslim prayer times as part of their normal working day.
61% of Muslims want Islamic courts, operating on Shari principles.
32% of British Muslims believe western society is decadent and immoral and that Muslims should seek to bring it down.
16,000 British Muslims, declare themselves willing, possibly eager, to embrace violence.
13% of British Muslims believe Islamic suicide bombers are martyrs.
July 2:  The Iraq government has issued a most wanted list that includes:
Izzat Ibrahim al Dori, a deputy commander of Saddam Husseins.
Abu Ayyub Al Masri, Iraq Sunni leader
Sajida Khairallah Tulfah first wife of Saddam Hussein, in exile in Qatar and is still involved in providing funding to terrorism, an extradition will be requested.
It is noteworthy that Samira Shahbander, Saddam Hussein's second wife and son Ali Hussein are not on the wanted list.
Raghad Saddam Hussein, b-1967, daughter of Saddam Hussein (1937-2006) is still providing funding to terrorism, is in exile in Jordan and extradition will be requested.
It is noteworth that Rana Hussain the other daughter is not on the list, it is further noteworthy that Saddam Husseain had the two girls husbands killed in 1996.
Saddam Hussein (1937-2006) two sons by his first wife were killed July 22 , 2003 in a shootout in Mosul, Iraq.
July 3: Osama bin Laden, b-1957, Saudi Arabia son of a wealthy Yemeni Father and a Syrian mother, as the Islamic Messianic Savor, is calling on the Islamic Sunni Muslims to kill Islamic Shi'ite Muslims in Iraq.  This jihad against fellow Muslims is because he considers the Shi'ite's as infidels.  He also calls on Sudan Muslims to "Kill all Blacks" but the Somalia's Islamic movement is trying to distance itself from Al Qaedia.
July 5:  Somali, Muslim fanatics shot and killed a girl and businessman among young people watching a screening of the World Cup soccer broadcast that was banned because it violated Islamic Law.  Movies, television and music are also banned.  These fanatics have links to al-Qaida.
July 7:  Shelk lise Salid a Muslim cleric ordered an attack on a wedding celebration in Somalia because men and women were celebrating together and the band had both men and women members.  The band members were flogged by a fanatic with an electrical cable and their equipment confiscated for alleged violation of Sharia law (Islamic Law).
July 8:  South Korea has stopped shipments of food and fertilizer aid to North Korea in wake of their launching 7 missiles to test their nuclear delivery system.
July 9:  Shi'ite Muslims executed 41 Sunni Muslims taken at random in Baghdad. They say it is in retaliation for a bombing of a Shi'ite Mosque.   Some believe the Muslim religious factions are at civil war within Iraq.
July 11:  Islamic terrorists believed to be Lashkare-Taiba (the Army of the Righteous) exploded eight timed bombes on Indias railway killing over 200 people and injuring 700 more.   Some believe an Indian Muslim named Dawood Ibrahin with al-Qaeda connections is involved.  Others suggest it is too early to lay blame for this evil act.
July 14:  Hezbullah is an Islamic terrorist organization who are determined to conduct jihad, to conquer all nations of the world.  This includes Russia, China, USA, France, Germany and Britain.  They are located in southern Lebanon and have a larger 'Standing Army' than the government of Lebanon.  Sheik Hassen Nasrallah a Sunni Muslim is the leader of Hezbullah and has declared war on Israel.  Israel contends Lebanon is/should be responsible to control Hezbollah.   Funding for Hezbullah comes from Syria and Iran.
Hezbullah means "the Party of God".  A God who condones the killing of innocent people, a God who believes in 'Racial Supremacy', a God who ignores the rights of Minorities, A God who is Intolerant, a God who believes in 'Manifest Destiny'.  This God sounds like the Prince of Hell, the Prince of Evil, the Prince of Darkness, the Author of Evil, or more commonly Satan, Lucifer, Beelsebub, Ahriman or Meloch.   A Hezbullah spokesman says "we welcome WWIII".  It is noteworthy that Hezbullah terrorists wear hoods like the KKK to hide their identity.
Some Lebanon people suggest the following action is required:
1. The Lebanon Government must declare the Hezbullah is a terrorist organization.
2. Invite a coalition of world powers to supply armed forces to disarm the Hezbullah and force the Syrian and Iranian forces from the country.   The United Nations is part of the problem, therefore parties to a defensive force should be those countries who desire permanent peace in the region.  ie. any interested country in the world, except Israel.
3. Herbullah as a terrorist organization, then the existing 23 members of parliament are removed from government.
4. The coalition forces would destroy any attempt to remove the Hezbullish armaments from the country, sweep the country to destroy all arms, and then train and arm the Lebanon army.
July 19:  Somalia has asked for Ethiopia to intervene to defend itself from the al-Qaida Islamic terrorists who threatened to seize the town of Baidoa, Somalia.  Ethiopia has intervened military in Somalia in the past (1993 & 1996) and is likely to come to Somalia's assistance again.  About 5,000 Ethiopian troops in armed vehicles rolled into Somalia July 20.  The Islamic terrorists who were about to attack Baidoa fled the area.  Sharif Sheik Ahmed said "we will declare jihad if Ethiopian government refuses to withdrew.  Al-Qaida Osama bin Laden has warned other countries not to interfere including the United Nations.  There is little doubt that Ethiopia has the superior fighting force.
August 10:  England has arrested 24 Islamic terrorists who planned to blow up 10 U.S. bound jetliners.  It is believed 5 more terrorists are still at large.  They are all believed to be British born of Pakistani origin.  Orders to execute the bombings was sent from Pakistan and was intercepted.   It is believed Pakistan has arrested five more people associated with this plot.
August 11:  Hina Saleem, age 20 had her throat slit and was buried in the back yard.  The family had moved from Pakistan to Italy.  The dead girl had been living with an Italian man.  "Under Islam it's death for a Muslim woman to have relations with non-Muslim man, married or not".  Her father, uncle and two other men were involved in the "honor killing".
August 13:  The British National Party chairman, Nick Griffin, called all Muslims age 15 to 50 to be banned from flying.  Passports should be confiscated and he says there are "no such thing as a moderate Muslim".  Every Major Muslim organization blamed British foreign policy for giving "ammunition to extremists".  About 13% of British Muslims believe that suicide bombers are martyrs.  Adding to the frustration is the fact that most Muslims place no blame on Hezbollah and their actions.  Despite United Nations efforts, Hezbollah has stated they will refuse to disarm.
September 14:  A class action lawsuit has been launched against the United Arab Emirates for enslaving tens of thousands of young boys, mostly from Bangladesh and Pakistan as camel jockeys.  It claims the boys were sexually abused, haven limited food and sleep and injected with hormones to prevent their growth.  Camel races are immensely popular un the Persian Gulf.  The practice of using children slaves was banned in 1993 but continued on for years.
September 14:  Pakistan Islamic hardliners are fighting to retain Hudood Ordinance that requires a woman who claims to be raped to produce four witnesses.  This unjust law is based on the Quran and makes it impossible to prosecute rapists.
December 30: Saddam Hussein (1937-2006) the former Iraqi dictator is hanged in Baghdad for war crimes and the massacring of thousands of his own people.
2007
A heat wave in Hungary caused 500 deaths and this was during the El Nino of 2006-2007 in the Pacific Ocean.
"Give Peace A Chance" as 400,000 civilians are killed in Darfur, Sudan and 2.5 million people are displaced from their homes.
"Give Peace A Chance" as 1992-1995 Bosnia Herzegovina 200,000 are killed
"Give Peace A Chance" as 1994 Rwanda 800,000 are killed
"Give Peace A Chance" as 1988 Iraq 5,000 Kurds killed total for régime 600,000 are killed.
"Give Peace A Chance" as 1975-1979 Pol Pot Cambodia 2,000.000 are killed.
"Give Peace A Chance" as 1970-1980 Khmer Rouge, Cambodia 1,700,000 are killed & no person has been charged with genocide.
"Give Peace A Chance" as 1938-1945 Nazi Germany 6,000,000 are killed.
"Give Peace A Chance" as 1937-1938 Nanking 300,000 are killed.
"Give Peace A Chance" as 1932-1933 Stalin's forced famine 7,000,000 are killed
"Give Peace A Chance" as 1915-1918 Turkey Kurds1,500,000 are killed.
Many more incidents of genocide mark the 20th century, "Giving Peace A Chance" can be very costly.
Qatif, Saudi Arabia a 19 year old girl was gang-raped by seven Saudis and the victim was jailed for six months and received 200 lashes for meeting with an unrelated male. The religious police and courts uphold the Wahhabism Law which is a strict interpretation of Sharia Law which is the Islamic Law.  The seven rapists, who abducted the girl and man, received jail terms of 10 months to five years.  Resentment is growing against the Kingdoms Religious Police who are considered as not religious but control freaks.
January 25:  Amman, Jordan; a Jordanian man murdered his 17 year old daughter for "family honor"  suspecting she lost her virginity despite a medical exam that proved her chastity.  On average 20 women are known to be killed each year for "family honor".   Jordan has provision in its penal code to allow "honor murder" to give lenient sentences, like 6 months prison.  Jordan is trying to change this Islamic honored tradition.
May:  Al-Qraija district of Riyadth, Saudi Aribia, a man alleged to have alcohol in his home was reported by Arab news to have been arrested and beaten to death by the Religious Police.  "The father of the deceased said that commission members (Religious Police) continued to beat his handcuffed son, even though he was already covered in blood, until he died"
June 11:  British court finds Muslim father guilty of murdering daughter Danaz Mahod, b-1987 in what he called "honor killing".  She was strangled with a boot lace, stuffed into a suitcase and buried in a back yard.  More than 100 homicides are under investigation as potential "honor killings".
July:  Pope Benedict XVI issued a secret edict in 2001 when he was Cardinal Ratzinger that effectively covered up sex crimes by Roman Catholic clergy and silenced sexual abuse victims.  A Los Angeles court this month settled 508 sexual abuse cases by clergy in that archdiocese.  The settlement was for 660 million dollars and the Church was ordered to open previously sealed sex abuse files ordered sealed by the Vatican.  The overall settlements in the USA to date exceed two billion dollars.  Other dioceses are seeking bankruptcy protection to avoid paying the victims.
August 9:  European central bank injected 94.8 billion Euros into the money markets as inter bank lending seizes up as a result of the housing mortgage crises in America.
August 21:  England injects £314 million into the lending system.
August 30:  England inject another £ 1.6 billion into the system.
September 27:  European central bank injected 3.9 billion more Euros into the money markets
October 1:  Swiss Bank writes down its assets my $3.4 billion
November 15: Barclays of England writes down £3.3 billion related to sub-prime mortgages, the bank has lost £800 million in October alone.
November 20:  Khmer Rouge, Cambodia 1,700,000 are killed & no person has been charged with genocide until today.  Chief Khmer Rouge Interrogator, Kaing Guek Eav, has been formally charged and is standing trial.  Sakoth Sar, the Khmer Rouge leader died April 15, 1998.  The following people have also been taken into custody:
                    Nuon Chea
                    Khieu Samphan
                    Leng Sary
                    Leng Thirith
November 29:  Sudan Muslims demonstrated that Islam is an intolerant religion calling for the death of a British teacher who allowed her seven year old students to name a teddy bear Mohamed.
December 18:  Saudi Arabia's King Abduliah has pardoned the 19 year old victim of a gang rape by 7 Saudi's.  Under Ismalic law women are regarded as chattel and the husbands honor has been compromised.  The husband of the girl did not take offence that his wife was with a non relative and stood behind his wife.   World pressure against this 'barbaric attitude' resulted in the pardon.
December 20:  Spain has banned spanking of children saying they are protecting children's fiscal and psychological integrity.  It is noteworthy that 16 countries of Europe now ban spanking of children at school and in the home.
December 31: The Central Bank of Europe put a half trillion dollars into the banking system indicating a recession melt down.
December 31:  China has 167 million internet users but is forecast to pass the USA number of users in 2009.


2007 May 30
Cuba agreed to buy $118 million in US food products ranging from pork and corn to soybeans and Spam, and said it was negotiating deals that could bring the total to nearly $150 million.



2007 Jun 8
South Korea lifted a de facto ban on American beef imports, after the US confirmed that only two shipments meant for domestic consumption were exported mistakenly.




2007 Jul 25
A South Korean aid group said some 430 North Koreans have died of hunger in a northern region in the past month because of chronic food shortages.




2007 Jul 29
Whang Joung-il (52), a senior South Korean diplomat in Beijing, died hours after becoming ill after eating a tuna sandwich. His death left the envoy's family and his government asking China for an explanation.










Over 100 million women are missing in Asia.  Some call it the testosterone glut gender imbalance
The sex ratio at birth worldwide is consistent at about 100 girls to 101 boys born, but other studies suggest female newborns to male newborns around the world is always approximately 100/100 at birth, and methods of surveys of new born deaths may cause the difference?
The Arab league has a sex ratio of men over women and Qatar being the greatest in the world at 100/346 males
Countries in the Arabian Peninsula tend to have a near 'natural' ratio of 100/105 at birth but a very high ratio of males for those ’over 65’ (Saudi Arabia 100/113, Arab Emirates 100/273, Kuwait 100/178 and Qatar 100/284) for reasons not fully understood.
India accounts for 50 million 100/116 overall and in some areas its 60/100 males.  500,000 to 700,000 girl births are missing each year
China next accounts for 40 million others say only 32 million but sex ratio is 100/123 some provinces are 100/125 males
South Korea in some cities its 1/130
Saudi Arab1a 100/127
Studies have concluded that village women in certain countries in Africa, Asia and the Middle East based on interviews report that women in some countries may be gang-raped if they leave the house, beaten daily, sold into brothels or married off as little children.  They are stoned to death in the Middle East for infringements on the family honor or burned to death in India over dowry spats.   Acid is thrown in their faces; they endure genital cutting and ghastly fistulas or internal ruptures from botched births.  It is impossible for countries to climb out of poverty, researchers suggest, if only a fraction of women (9% in Pakistan, for example) participate in the labor force.




2010 Oct 25
South Korea prepared to send 5,000 tons of rice to flood victims in North Korea in its first humanitarian rice shipment to its communist neighbor since a conservative, pro-US government took office in 2008.



2010 Oct 27
South Korea's Red Cross said North Korea is demanding that South Korea resume large-scale food aid and joint economic projects in return for regular reunions of family members separated by the Korean War more than a half century ago.











2011 Mar 4
The UN said its Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) has sent a team of animal health experts to North Korea to help manage an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease that could worsen a food crisis.








2011 Mar 19
One of Japan's six tsunami-crippled nuclear reactors appeared to stabilize but the country suffered another blow after discovering traces of radiation in food and water from near the stricken power plant. Crews fighting to cool reactors managed to connect a power line. Japan halted sales of food products near Fukushima because of contamination by a radioactive element which can pose a short-term health risk. Japan's police agency said 7,348 are dead and 10,947 are missing after last week's earthquake and tsunami.
Links: Japan, Earthquake, Food, Disaster, Nuclear     Click to see the source(s) for this event

2011 Mar 20
Japan’s ministry official Yoshifumi Kaji said that tests found excess amounts of radioactive elements on canola and chrysanthemum greens, in addition to spinach. He said the areas where the tainted produce was found included three prefectures that previously had not recorded such contamination. Tokyo Electric Power Company said two of the six reactor units are now safely under control after their fuel storage pools cooled down. The toll of dead or missing from Japan's worst natural disaster in almost a century neared 21,000.








2011 May 24
North Korea’s reclusive leader Kim Jong Il reportedly traveled to an eastern Chinese city to study Beijing's economic reforms, while a US government team was in North Korea on a rare trip to assess food shortages



2011 Jun 27
South Korea said it will resume imports of Canadian beef suspended in 2003 after an outbreak of mad cow disease, agreeing to allow meat from cows younger than 30 months old.
Links: Canada, South Korea, Food     Click to see the source(s) for this event

2011 Jun 28
The Dutch parliament passed a bill banning the slaughter of livestock without stunning it first, removing an exemption that has allowed Jews and Muslims to butcher animals according to centuries old dietary rules.
Links: Netherlands, Jews, Food, Animal, Islam     Click to see the source(s) for this event

2011 Jun
Ethiopian consumers started a text-message campaign to boycott meat in an attempt to force prices down. The campaign has not worked.
Links: Ethiopia, Food     Click to see the source(s) for this event

2011 Jul 4
The European Union said it will restart food aid to North Korea after the country's repressive communist regime agreed to an unprecedented monitoring system as it suffers through its worst food crisis in years. The WFP will check delivery at every stage and pay more than 400 visits a month to distribution sites, hospitals, child-care facilities and households.
Links: North Korea, EU, Food     Click to see the source(s) for this event





2011 Aug 19
Russia and North Korea both announced that Moscow will provide food assistance, including some 50,000 tons of wheat, to Pyongyang. North Korea might face another food crisis this year due to heavy rains.
Links: Russia, North Korea, Food     Click to see the source(s) for this event








2012 Jan 20
South Korea lifted its nine-year import ban on Canadian beef.












2012 Apr 14
The United States called off plans to send food aid to North Korea after the impoverished state's defiant rocket launch, as an aid group feared more than two million children would go hungry.


2013

April 3: European flood waters reach 500-year high.
Especially hard hit were Germany, Austria, Switzerland and the Czech Republic.
Water levels were the highest recorded since 1501 in Passau, a city of 50,000 people that dates from before Roman times.